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IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904

reference

Word family 
Related topics: Employment, Education, Newspapers, printing, publishing, Geography
ref·er·ence1 /ˈrefərəns/ ●●● S2 W1 noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]MENTION part of something you say or write in which you mention a person or thing 提及，谈到
reference to
 There is no direct reference to her own childhood in the novel.
小说里没有直接提及她自己的童年。
 The article made no reference to previous research on the subject.
文章没有提及此前对该课题的研究情况。
 The governor made only a passing reference to the problem of unemployment (=he mentioned it quickly).
州长对失业问题只是一语带过。
2  [uncountableU]LOOK FOR the act of looking at something for information 查阅，查看
for easy/quick reference
 A vocabulary index is included for easy reference.
附有词汇索引以便查阅。
 Keep their price list on file for future reference (=so that it can be looked at in the future).
将他们的价目表存档，以供日后参考。
 The book will become a standard work of reference (=a book that people look at for information).
这本书将成为权威参考书。
3  reference point  (also point/frame of reference)
a) an idea, fact, event etc that you already know, which helps you understand or make a judgment about another situation 〔帮助理解或判断的〕参照标准，参考依据
 Lee’s case will be the reference point for lawyers in tomorrow’s trial.
李的判例将成为律师在明天庭审时的参考依据。
 She used her work experience as a frame of reference for her teaching.
她把自己的工作经历作为教学的参考依据。
b) something that you can see that helps you to know where you are when you are travelling in an area 〔用于识别方位的〕参照物
Examples from the Corpus
reference point• The time he spent in prison serves as a point of reference for Bowden - the lessons are worth remembering.• This team has a reference point.• It was a reference point without which the tragedy could not be expressed.• But he remained a constant reference point among those concerned about the course the nation was taking.• They establish reference points and reference lines.• Align to line up typeset or other graphic material as specified, using a base or vertical line as the reference point.• Fitzgerald's case will be the reference point for lawyers in tomorrow's trial.• It is equally correct and sometimes more useful to view demand from the reference point of quantity.• I concentrated on the reference points and on keeping one or two rotor diameters away from the other ship.• We are left with a play on signs which has no ultimate reference point other than the commodity.
4  in/with reference to something formalCONNECTED WITH used to say what you are writing or talking about, especially in business letters 关于某事〔尤用于公函〕
 I am writing to you in reference to the job opening in your department.
获悉贵部门有空缺职位，特来函求问。
Examples from the Corpus
in/with reference to something• With reference to our agents, we have complete confidence in their honesty.• This leads to a final question that we ought to ask in reference to the three-part teaching force I have proposed.• It requires learners to provide a word to fill a blank in reference to a picture.• I had to rediscover and assert my Jamaicanness but qualify it with references to my London upbringing.• It is precisely in reference to such functions that the issue of royal control arises.• The search engine just took your three words and assumed you were looking for sites with references to any of them.• Joyce's tale, shot through with references to singers and composers, also features traditional songs.• From now on the capital G would always be used in reference to them.• But not all implications are valid in reference to pedagogy.
5  [countableC]
a) BE (also letter of reference) a letter containing information about you that is written by someone who knows you well, and is usually intended for a new employer 推荐信，介绍信
 We will need references from your former employers.
我们需要你以前雇主的推荐信。
b) BESEa person who provides information about your character and abilities 介绍人，推荐人 SYN referee
 Ask your teacher to act as one of your references.
请你的老师做推荐人之一。
6  [countableC]TCN a book, article etc from which information has been obtained 参考书目
 a comprehensive list of references
详尽的参考书目清单
7  TCNSG[countableC] a number that tells you where you can find the information you want in a book, on a map etc 〔书、地图等中的〕编号，参照号
 a list of towns, each with a map reference
一份城镇清单，每个城镇都有地图参照号
→ cross-reference, → terms of reference at term1(11)
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
make reference to something
Official reports made no reference to the incident.
phrases
there is a reference to something
There are 32 references to eagles in the Bible.
adjectives
a specific/direct/explicit reference (=mentioning something specifically/directly etc)
No specific reference was made to the race of the children.
an oblique reference (=not direct)
He added, in an oblique reference to the US, that ‘some countries could do more’.
a brief reference
Brief references to the tragedy have appeared in the French press.
a passing reference (=one that you make while you are talking about something else)
He made only a passing reference to his injury.
frequent/constant/repeated references
Medieval literature contains frequent references to insanity.
an occasional reference
During the interview, he made only occasional references to his forthcoming autobiography.
Examples from the Corpus
reference• The thesaurus functions not only as a retrieval aid, but also as a reference facility.• Did he make any reference to his forthcoming trial?• But these fragments of stories about these characters really are references for me.• David Whitehouse has enough letters of character reference to paper Bermondsey warehouse and he seems anxious to read all of them.• The poem contains references to places where the poet spent his childhood.• Also labels the components on your drawing as per your circuit diagram and retain for future reference.• map reference SG49• The Queen made no reference to the incident in her speech.• We choose our frame of reference and attack something for not fitting it.• a list of references at the end of the article• Sub-Committee E has wider terms of reference than the other sub-committees.• Where, for example, is there even a passing reference to the benefits of fair trade?• For the adoption, the Millers provided references and numerous other documents.• It is equally correct and more useful in some instances to view supply from the reference point of quantity.• One shelf was filled with reference works.• Ask a teacher to act as one of your references.
made ... reference• But the Act made no specific reference to special provision for young workers.• I have already made some reference to it.• He also made dark references to drink.• These also made for easier reference with page turning being easier than unwinding a scroll to find your place.• The choice between the two roads can not, in my opinion, be made simply by reference to binding authority.• Mr Chittenden made no reference to his intentions.• However, the White Paper made no reference to any increased funding.• You made no reference to what had happened.
for easy/quick reference• Appendix 1 lists all the statutory instruments made under the Act for easy reference.• There are marginal comments and addresses for quick reference.• It makes sense to keep such information on file for quick reference.• Don't miss our handy Gardener's Year binder, designed to store your monthly cut-out-and-keep guide, for easy reference.• Other, generally applicable subdivisions, are shown in a separate list for easy reference.• We might like to keep this leaflet with your statements for easy reference.• Windows Radio Toolbar, which puts a host of Net radio stations on your toolbar for quick reference.• A list of macro names and the text that they include can be used for quick reference.
map reference• Anywhere in the country can be given a map reference.• He says that if the ambulancemen had a map reference they might have found him sooner.
reference2 verb [transitiveT] written  
to mention another book, article etc that contains information connected with the subject you are writing about 查阅；参考
 The book does not reference anything written in the last 10 years.
该书并未参考过去十年中的任何作品。
Examples from the Corpus
reference• Programs typically reference the same limited areas of storage for relatively long periods of time.
From Longman Business Dictionary
referenceref·er·ence /ˈrefərəns/ noun [countableC]
1with reference to formal used to say what you are writing or talking about, especially in business letters
With reference to your recent advertisement, I am writing to apply for the post of sales manager.
2 (also reference number), written abbreviation ref a group of numbers and letters that identify a document. A reference is often put at the top of a business letter
Thank you for your letter (reference JC/216).
Please quote the reference number above in all correspondence.
3HUMAN RESOURCESa letter written by someone who knows you well, usually to a new employer, giving information about your character, abilities, or qualifications
We will be taking up (=getting) references from your former employers.
No employee can insist upon being given a reference when he leaves a job.
4a person who provides information about your character, abilities, or qualifications when you are trying to get a jobSYN referee
Could I ask you to act as one of my references?
5FINANCEBANKINGCOMMERCEa report giving information on a company’s business reputation and financial situation
Bank references are sought by companies to ensure that those with whom they are trading are solvent and can pay for the goods supplied to them.
We always ask for trade references (=from members of the customer’s own trade) from our customers.
→ banker's reference
6terms of reference [plural] the agreed limits of what an official committee or report will deal with
The matter of compensation is not within the committee’s terms of reference.
ref·er·ence1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1reference2 verb
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