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force

Word family 
force1 /fɔːs $ fɔːrs/ ●●● S2 W1 noun  
1  military 军事的
a) [countableC usually plural]GROUP OF PEOPLE a group of people who have been trained to do military work for a government or other organization 武装部队，部队
government/military/defence etc forces
 The riots were suppressed by government forces.
暴乱被政府军镇压了。
 He strengthened US forces in the Gulf.
他加强了美军在海湾地区的军力。
 a plan to disarm the rebel forces (=those fighting against the government)
解除叛军武装的计划
b) the forcesPM British EnglishBrE the army, navy, and air force 武装力量；陆海空三军部队；军队
in the forces
 Both her sons are in the forces.
她的两个儿子都在军队里。
c) nuclear/conventional forces nuclear weapons or ordinary weapons 核武器/常规武器
 short-range nuclear forces
短程核武器
→ air force, armed forces, ground forces, → peacekeeping force at peacekeeping, → security forces at security(1), task force(2)
2  military action 军事行动 [uncountableU] military action used as a way of achieving your aims 军事行动，武力
 Peace cannot be imposed by force.
和平不能通过武力来实现。
 The UN will allow the use of force against aircraft violating the zone.
联合国将允许对侵犯这一地区的飞机采取军事行动。
3  violence 暴力 [uncountableU]VIOLENT violent physical action used to get what you want 〔为得到某结果而使用的〕暴力，武力
 The police used force to overpower the demonstrators.
警方动用了武力来制服示威者。
by force
 In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by force.
到最后，人们不得不强行把他赶出了房子。
 They kicked the door down using sheer brute force.
他们全凭蛮力将门踹倒了。
4  physical power 力 [uncountableU] the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing 〔物体移动或撞击时的〕力，力量 → strength
force of
 The force of the explosion blew out all the windows.
爆炸的冲力把所有的窗子都震碎了。
with great/considerable/increasing etc force
 He raised his hand and struck her with terrifying force.
他举起手，狠命地打她。
5  natural power 自然力 [countableC, uncountableU] a natural power or event 自然力
 the force of gravity
引力
 powerful natural forces such as earthquakes, floods, and drought
地震、洪水、干旱等强大的自然力
 the forces of nature
大自然的威力
6  organized group 有组织的团体 [countableC usually singular] a group of people who have been trained and organized to do a particular job 〔受过训练、有组织地做某一件事的〕一群人
 the company’s sales force
该公司的销售队伍
 the quality of the teaching force
教师队伍的素质
→ police force
7  strong influence 强烈的影响 [countableC]EFFECT/INFLUENCE something or someone who is powerful and has a lot of influence on the way things happen 〔对事情发展〕有影响力的事物[人]
the driving force (behind something/somebody) (=the person or thing that makes something happen) （某人/某事背后的）推动力
 Betty Coward was the driving force behind the project.
贝蒂•科沃德是这个项目的推动者。
a force for change/peace/democracy etc (=someone or something that makes change, peace etc more likely to happen) 变革/和平/民主等的推动力
 Healthy competition is a force for innovation.
良性竞争是革新的推动力。
 He’s a quick and decisive player – a force to be reckoned with (=a person, team, company etc that influences what happens).
他打球敏捷果断，是个不可小觑的人物。
 The fall in prices was due to forces beyond their control.
价格下降是由他们无法控制的因素造成的。
→ market forces
8  powerful effect 威力 [uncountableU]EFFECT/INFLUENCE the powerful effect that something has on you 〔某事物产生的〕威力，影响力
9  join/combine forces (with somebody/something) UNITEto work together so that you can deal with a problem, be more powerful etc 〔为解决问题、壮大力量等而〕（与某人/某组织）联合，合作，同心协力
Examples from the Corpus
join forces to do something• The state environmental bodies and the militia are joining forces to set up mobile anti-poaching units.• Now parents, governors and staff are joining forces to call for seat belts on coaches.• Tim Roemer, D-Ind., was voted down 289-121, with Republicans and Democrats joining forces to defeat it.• They emerge from the apparatus of inheritance, from the ways that genes join forces to do their job.• Two London gangs had joined forces to stop the train at Sear's Crossing in Buckinghamshire by rigging the signals.• Police in Cheshire and Greater Manchester have joined forces to investigate a series of attacks which span more than six years.• So shopkeepers have joined forces to attract people into the town, with a special publication circulated in neighbouring areas.• Read in studio Cancer specialists have joined forces to improve the treatment of sick children.
10  in force 
Examples from the Corpus
turned out in force• Abrams's message seemed well received by the crowd, which had turned out in force for the early-morning session.• Ranchers turned out in force to hear him; the crowd was a bobbing sea of black and white cowboy hats.• The stars turned out in force to see Bono and the boys bring a mega tour to a close.
11  come into force/bring something into force if a new law, rule, change etc comes or is brought into force, it starts to exist 开始生效/使某法规开始实施
12  by/through/out of force of habit HABITbecause you have always done a particular thing and it is difficult to change 出于习惯
13. by/through force of circumstance(s) British EnglishBrEEFFECT/INFLUENCE if something happens by force of circumstance, events outside your control make it happen 由于形势的影响
Examples from the Corpus
by/through force of circumstance(s)• Like all Trolls they will eat anything and through force of circumstance they tend to eat a lot of rocks.• Some sectors, moreover, lagged behind completely, by force of circumstances or on account of reluctance to abandon traditional ways.• Ware was a strict Palladian by upbringing but a stylistic schizoid by force of circumstances.
14  wind 风
15. POLICE 警察the force SCPa word meaning the police force, used especially by police officers 警察部队〔尤为警方用语〕
16  the forces of good/evil etc literary people or things that increase the amount of good or bad in the world 善/恶等的力量
Examples from the Corpus
the forces of good/evil etc• Television is therefore seen to be taking the moral high ground, the side of the punter against the forces of evil.• Now he's restating his submission to the Bara Bhai and the forces of good.• It will be a struggle between your hero and whatever associates he may have and the forces of evil opposed to him.• It is an age-old heresy to see the world as a battleground between the forces of good and evil.• At the core of Hampden Babylon is a titanic struggle between the forces of good and evil.• It could fight the forces of evil.
→ labour force, tour de force, workforce
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + forces
the armed forces (=a country’s military organizations, including the army, navy, and air force)
Israel refused to withdraw its armed forces from the area.
American/British/French etc forces
Several battles took place involving American forces.
government forces (=soldiers fighting for the government)
Government forces reportedly shot dead 300 unarmed civilians.
security forces (=who protect a country against people who are fighting the government)
The government claimed that the security forces had destroyed the rebels’ headquarters.
rebel forces (=who are fighting against the government)
The village was attacked by rebel forces.
military forces
He served with the military forces during the war.
a defence force
Should the European Union have its own defence force?
enemy forces
Enemy forces now occupy substantial areas of the city.
a peacekeeping force
A large UN peacekeeping force is being assembled.
special forces (=who are specially trained to fight against guerilla or terrorist groups)
Special forces were employed to support the local army.
phrases
be in the forces
Her husband is in the forces.
verbs
join the forces (=become a soldier, sailor etc)
He was too young to join the forces when the war broke out.
withdraw your forces
Expecting the Allies to attack again, he began to withdraw his forces eastward.
Examples from the Corpus
force• But when you get some one who can really play them, they sure are a force to be reckoned with.• the Air Force• Manuel Bonett, head of the armed forces.• Her husband tried to get the children back by force.• Centrifugal force can be greater than the force of gravity.• Most market professionals agree that the tax-deferred funds are a major force behind the exponential growth in stock prices.• Instead, there is a narrow vision of a world dominated by market forces.• The use of physical force by teachers tended to promote violent behaviour by pupils.• Barnes is a member of the St. Paul Police Force.• Rebel forces are seeking to overthrow the government.• the company's sales force• What a display of grandeur and sheer force of will!• The United States is one of dozens of nations that provide troops for the 2,400-member Sinai force.• The college must cut 10% of its teaching force for the fall semester.• They occur in areas where the Earth's crust is subjected to tensional forces, trying to pull it apart.• The force of public opinion stopped the highway project.• The force of the explosion shook buildings several blocks away.• The police do not use force when arresting people unless it's absolutely necessary.• I had to use force to get the window open.• We want to end the demonstration without force.
the use of force• These help to reinforce the hinge side of your doors against the use of force.• Today's Soviet leaders are the products of a long-standing tradition of thinking about war and the use of force.• When, in November, it blessed the use of force to achieve this goal, the fanfare was forgivable.• Perhaps most important is the growing chance for miscalculation that accompanies any policy involving the use of force.• The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts.• This explains Albright's having ruled out the use of force.• Yet as Dunkers they could not in conscience support the use of force or pay disrespect to the Crown.• The maintenance of the system of slavery through the use of force was a primary problem of colonial defense.• Clearly the current situation in which the use of force is illegal except in self-defence is inadequate.
brute force• Their only ultimate recourse is to deal with each other by brute force.• By brute force they began to pull the raft sideways away from the danger.• In the analogue world, the reshaping of a page of information or a physical object requires some exercise of brute force.• Sometimes you have to use sheer brute force to get these things open.• This has been a war fought more with technology than brute force.• Teravainen belonged to the brute force school; off the tee, he was as long as anybody.• In the short term this brute force approach appears to be the best method of incorporating linguistic knowledge into computers.• Even his strong-man routine seems devoid of any intelligence or style and focuses, instead, upon brute force and muscle.• Was brute force and intimidation all they knew?• With brute force techniques ... they do achieve about the same end result as we do with much more sophisticated techniques.
with great/considerable/increasing etc force• Bringing his right fist back over his shoulder he punched Tommy in the face with considerable force.• Denice jabs it with considerable force into our forehead.• He saw a figure moving towards him, and felt himself pushed, with great force, into a wall.• The urge to acquire interesting and possibly valuable things is widespread and can strike unexpectedly and sometimes with great force.• There is a ridiculous nature-boy sentimentalism that with increasing force is taking over.
forces of nature• The shape and size of creatures is determined by the many fundamental forces of Nature.• Since then, they have represented the darker, subterranean forces of nature.• It was one of man's more successful attempts at curbing the forces of nature.• But they were not willing to see one acre of irrigated land succumb to the forces of nature, regardless of cost.• This tiny camp in the wilderness looked very lonely, very vulnerable to the forces of nature ranged silently around it.• They will cross it only if the undirected forces of nature happen to lead them across.• The shortages and panics are not the result of unpredictable forces of nature or freely functioning markets.• There was already by now a political and religious system, whose primitive beliefs deified the various forces of nature.
teaching force• Creating a teaching force which is adequate to the rapidly growing system has been another problem.• It could be that this development marks the beginning of a teaching force which is professional in reality as well as in name.• I am going to suggest a teaching force composed of three essential parts.• This saves on training facilities and teacher trainers and also helps fill the gaps in the ranks of the existing teaching force.• This leads to a final question that we ought to ask in reference to the three-part teaching force I have proposed.• To do so effectively requires a commitment from the teaching force - from headteacher to probationer.• Rather it points to the fact that there has been a subtle change in the composition of the teaching force.• The teaching force then has the task of meeting the criteria established by these guidelines.
forces beyond ... control• War, rearranged borders, a country assembled and disassembled by forces beyond their control.• Our dreams are threatened by forces beyond our control.• It is difficult to resist the conclusion that after 1208 Innocent had been outmanoeuvred by certain forces beyond his control.• In a sense, owning the benefits your organization achieves is the opposite of blaming consequences on forces beyond your control.
force2 ●●● S2 W1 verb [transitiveT]  
1  make SB do STH 迫使某人做某事 to make someone do something they do not want to do 强制，逼迫，迫使 → persuade
2  make SB/STH move 使某人/某物移动PUSH [always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to make someone or something move in a particular direction or into a different position, especially through or using great strength 用力推动 SYN push
3  force your way through/into etc something  (also force your way in/out/past etc)PUSH to push very hard in order to get somewhere 强行通过/进入某处等
Examples from the Corpus
force your way through/into etc something• Burglars strike: Intruders forced their way into a house which was being renovated.• He'd schooled himself to ruthlessness, single-mindedly forcing his way through the jungle, hacking at anything in his path.• He has recovered from a nightmare pelvic injury and is now forcing his way into Roker's Wembley plans.• Jezrael could feel stupid tears forcing their way through her control.• Smitty went first, forcing his way through the branches that closed in on the trail.• The thieves have been forcing their way into the homes of elderly people, holding them down while searching for their savings.• Then Huddersfield rallied, and the fiery centre-forward Islip forced his way through to beat the tiring Burnley defenders.
4  make STH happen 使某事发生 to make something happen or change, especially more quickly than planned or expected 使发生[改变]〔尤指比计划或预计的要快〕
5  force a door/lock/window to open a door etc using physical strength, often causing damage 强行打开门/锁/窗
Examples from the Corpus
force a door/lock/window• The burglars are believed to have forced a window.• House raid: Intruders forced a window at the front of a house in Ripon.• The forced door especially terrified me.• He'd forced a window to get into the ground floor maisonette in the Belmont area of Hereford.
6  force the issue FORCE somebody TO DO somethingto do something that makes it necessary for someone to make decisions or take action, instead of waiting to see what happens 强迫立即作出决定；迫使采取行动
Examples from the Corpus
force the issue• What you are asking your tenants to do is reasonable, but you may decide not to force the issue.• And he did; he forced the issue.• But I was too tired now to force the issue.• He never tried to force the issue.• In early spring, 1861, the new Confederate government decided to force the issue.• At a minimum, they can force the issue back on to the political agenda and make Republicans publicly address the subject again.• Time was getting tight on both projects, so I had to force the issue with him.• If you attempt to force the issue, you are told that this was another one of your dumb ideas.
7  force somebody’s hand FORCE somebody TO DO somethingto make someone do something unwillingly or earlier than they had intended 迫使某人采取行动；迫使某人提前行动
Examples from the Corpus
force somebody’s hand• The governor is trying to force the legislature's hand on this issue.
8. force a smile/laugh etc FORCE somebody TO DO somethingto make yourself smile, laugh etc even though you feel upset or annoyed 强作笑颜/勉强一笑等
Examples from the Corpus
force a smile/laugh etc• He forces a smile, and Beulah smiles back.• I forced a smile and then turned and fled to my room.• The man turned out to be Alan Stewart, the comedian, who managed to force a smile as Roy apologised.• The girls forced smiles as they had been taught, but Sandi, in revenge, also crossed her eyes.• I forced a smile on seeing him.
n GRAMMAR: Comparison
force
You force someone to do something:
The robbers forced him to hand over the money.
Force is often used in the passive:
The minister was forced to resign because of the scandal.
make
You make someone do something:
The robbers made him hand over the money.
✗Don’t say: make someone to do something
compel
You compel someone to do something:
The court can compel witnesses to give evidence.
Compel is very often used in the passive:
He became seriously ill and was compelled to retire two years later.
oblige
You say that someone is obliged to do something. Oblige is almost always used in the passive:
Hotels are obliged by law to install smoke alarms.
 THESAURUS
force to make someone do something they do not want to do. Used when people or situations make you do something 〔人或形势〕迫使
They were beaten and forced to confess to crimes they had not committed.
他们遭到殴打，被迫承认自己并没有犯下的罪行。
The drought forced millions of farmers to sell their cattle.
旱灾迫使数百万农民卖掉自己的牛。
make to force someone to do something by using pressure, threats, or violence. Make somebody do something is more common than force somebody to do something in everyday English 〔通过施压、威胁或暴力〕迫使〔在日常英语中，make sb do sth比force sb to do sth更常用〕
Her parents disapproved of Alex and they made her stop seeing him.
她父母不喜欢亚历克斯，逼着她不再和他见面。
Two men with guns made the staff hand over the money.
两名持枪男子迫使员工交出钱款。
pressure (also pressurize British EnglishBrE) to try to force someone to do something by making them feel that they should do it 强迫，对…施加压力
Some employers pressure their staff into working very long hours.
有些雇主强迫员工长时间工作。
She felt they were trying to pressurize her into getting married.
她觉得他们是在逼她结婚。
blackmail to force someone to give you money or do what you want by threatening to tell embarrassing secrets about them 勒索，敲诈
She tried to blackmail him with photographs of them together at the hotel.
她试图用和他一起在酒店里的照片敲诈他。
compel formal to force someone to do something using official power or authority. Also used when someone has to do something because of their situation 〔以权势〕强迫；〔形势〕逼迫
The town was surrounded and compelled to surrender.
该镇遭到包围，被迫投降。
I felt compelled to offer them some kind of explanation.
我感觉有必要向他们解释一下。
nYou are compelled by law to carry an ID card.
coerce /kəʊˈɜːs $ ˈkoʊɜːrs/ formal to force someone to do something by threatening them 胁迫
Local people were coerced into joining the rebel army.
当地民众被迫加入叛军。
be obliged to do something formal if someone is obliged to do something, they must do it because it is the law or the rule, or because of the situation they are in 〔因法规或形势〕被迫做某事
You are not obliged to say anything which may harm your defence in court.
你不必说任何可能在法庭上对你的辩护不利的话。
They were obliged to sell the land.
他们被迫变卖土地。
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
force• The Master tried both persuasion and threats but ... was compelled at length to send for a constable and resort to force.• The economy has forced a lot of companies out of business.• She tried to force her feet into the shoes but they were too small.• Her parents are trying to force her into marrying a man she hardly knows.• Thieves had tied him up and forced him to lie on the floor.• It infected his spine and forced him to spend months in bed.• And to know these, the artist cannot force his own intentions upon nature.• I had never thought of buying an insurance policy, and I wasn't going to be forced into it by some young salesman.• Here, girls are often forced into prostitution because they have no other means of earning money.• Some idiot forced Laura off the road yesterday.• Eddie feels that he was forced out of his job in order to make way for a younger man.• Women's organizations are trying to force the government to appoint more women to senior positions.• Firefighters had to force the lock.• I finally managed to force the package through the small letterbox.• In theory, the power crisis could force the state to work together more.• All the hostages were forced to hand over their passports.• Often they were forced to leap blindly into ravines five or ten feet deep.• If forced to resign, get a good book deal.• To round off his day of despair Button was forced to retire with an exhaust failure six laps from home.• They had so little money that they were forced to sell the farm.• She claimed was forced to take part in the robbery by her husband.• They were halfway up the mountain, when the weather became so bad that they were forced to turn back.• When the information was slow in coming, the announcers were forced to use their imaginations to fill in the details.• You don't have to come if you don't want to. Nobody's forcing you.• If you don't comply I'm afraid we'll have to force you.
force somebody/something into (doing) something• That has forced buyers into a market itching for some payback.• There is no attempt to force them into a mould of correct knowledge.• But she forced the Volvo into first, the engine screaming as she drove fifteen or twenty yards down the road.• Colin hated the way he inspected the rag before folding the contents into the centre and forcing it into his trouser pocket.• He forced his breath into laughs.• Both men and women must also look for paid work and many have been forced to migrate into the cities.• All magic is dangerous and the titanic forces drawn into the realm of Ulthuan are more dangerous than any other.• In 31 states Perot won more than 20 percent of the vote, and he forced Clinton into third place in Utah.
forced ... open• The other had been forced open.• She forced her eyes open, and at once her heart was pounding.• I forced my eyes open and woke up.• I forced myself to open my fingers, to relax my vigilance, to fall asleep.• The raider forced him to open the safe and fled with cash.• Secluded rear doors are especially vulnerable: they are often forced open with a simple well-aimed kick.
force prices/interest rates etc down/up• The second is that the spending increase leads to the economy overheating and thus forces interest rates up.
From Longman Business Dictionary
forceforce1 /fɔːsfɔːrs/ noun
1[countableC] a group of people who have been trained and organized for a particular purpose
Our division has expanded its sales force (=the people in a company who sell the company’s products) to 160.
→ labour force → task force
2in forceLAW if a law or rule is in force, it exists and must be obeyed
These regulations have been in force since 1997.
New EU directivescome into force (=start to operate) in April.
3[countableC usually singular] something or someone that has a strong influence on an activity or the way events develop
She is the driving force (=person or thing that has the strongest influence on the way things happen) behind the group’s creation.
The group is certainly a force to be reckoned with (=has a lot of power and influence) in the publishing industry.
→ competitive force
4market forces [plural]ECONOMICS the way that the behaviour of buyers and sellers affects the levels of SUPPLY AND DEMAND in a particular market, especially when the government does nothing to change this
By ending the electricity monopoly, market forces rather than state utilities will set prices.
Whether there is enough demand to sustain all of the car manufacturers is a question we will have toleave to market forces (=allow market forces to take effect so that the market works in the most efficient way).
5[uncountableU] influence or authority
The City’s code of practice does not have the force of law. (=the same authority as the law)
forceforce2 verb [transitiveT]
1if a situation forces you to do something, it makes you do it, even though you do not want to
force somebody to do something
Massive debts have forced them to close the store.
We were forced to raise prices because of increased costs.
2to make something happen against the wishes of the people who are affected
The imposition of VAT would force the closure of 20% of regional newspapers.
fears of a forced takeover
→ force something → down
→ force something → up
Origin force1
(1200-1300) Old French Latin fortis “strong”
force1 noun
→10-16

→n COLLOCATIONS1force2 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →THESAURUS1
→PHRASAL VERBS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
BNC: 369 COCA: 372
force

noun¹

 1physical strength, power or violence力；體力；暴力ADJECTIVE | VERB + FORCE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, great, terrible, tremendous相當大的／很大的／可怕的／巨大的力量▸➤full, maximum全部／最大的力氣➤brute, sheer蠻力；純粹憑力氣▸➤reasonable (especially BrE) 適度的力量▸➤sufficient足夠的力氣▸➤excessive過度的力氣▸➤unlawful (BrE) 非法暴力▸➤deadly, lethal致命的力量▸➤explosive爆炸力➤physical體力▸➤gale, hurricane大風級；颶風級◇The wind was increasing to gale force.風逐漸增大到大風級。◇hurricane-force winds颶風級的風VERB + FORCE➤employ, resort to, use利用／訴諸／使用武力◇In the end, we had to resort to brute force to get the door open.最後，我們不得不使用蠻力把門撞開。➤take sth by用暴力獲取⋯◇The troops marched in and took the city by force.軍隊入侵並強行佔領了這座城市。➤feel感受到力量◇Everyone felt the force of his argument.大家都感受到了他的論證的力量。PREPOSITION➤by force強行◇The king made laws and imposed them by force.國王制訂了法律並強制實施。PHRASES➤catch the full force of sth, feel the full force of sth, take the full force of sth遭受／感到／承受⋯的猛力◇Our house took the full force of the bomb blast.我們的房屋受到炸彈爆炸的猛烈衝擊。◇I felt the full force of her criticism.我感受到了她的批評的厲害。➤force of personality, force of will人格力量；意志力◇She used her sheer force of personality to keep the family together.她全憑自己的人格力量才使家人團結在一起。➤meet force with force (especially NAmE) 以武力對抗武力◇The country's attempts to meet force with force (= resist an attack using force) led to the outbreak of war.這個國家以武力對抗武力的做法引發了戰爭。➤the use of force使用武力◇The regulations allow the use of force if necessary.法規允許在必要時使用武力。
force

noun²

 2effect that causes sth to move作用力ADJECTIVE | VERB + FORCE | FORCE + VERB | FORCE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤powerful, strong強大的作用力▸➤weak微弱的作用力▸➤attractive吸引力▸➤repulsive斥力▸➤external, internal外力；內力◇Deep internal forces cause movements of the earth's crust.深處的內在作用力引起地殼運動。➤lateral側力➤centrifugal, centripetal, electromagnetic, electromotive, gravitational, mechanical, nuclear, physical, tidal離心力；向心力；電磁力；電動勢；（萬有）引力；機械力；核力；體力；潮汐力VERB + FORCE➤apply, exert, generate, produce用力；施加力；產生作用力◇The sun exerts a force on the earth.太陽對地球產生引力。➤increase增強力的強度➤decrease, reduce減小／降低力的強度▸➤balance平衡力的強度◇The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.擴張力和收縮力相互平衡。FORCE + VERB➤act on sth力對⋯起作用◇lateral forces acting on the car's suspension對汽車的懸掛裝置產生作用的側力➤balance sth力平衡⋯FORCE + NOUN➤field力場◇the force field of a magnet磁力場PREPOSITION➤force between⋯之間的作用力◇the attractive and repulsive forces between individual particles單一粒子之間的吸引力與斥力PHRASES➤a balance of forces力的平衡◇the balance of nuclear forces in atoms原子內核力的平衡➤the force of gravity地心引力
force

noun³

 3legal authority of sth法律約束力ADJECTIVE | VERB + FORCE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤binding, legal, statutory (BrE) 約束力；法律效力；法定效力◇The contract was not signed and has no binding force.合同沒有簽署因而沒有約束力。VERB + FORCE➤come into開始生效◇The new law comes into force as from midnight tomorrow.新法律從明天零點起開始生效。➤bring sth into (especially BrE) 使⋯生效PREPOSITION➤in force有效◇Some archaic laws are still in force.一些過時的法律仍然有效。PHRASES➤the force of law法律效力◇Professional standards often do not have the force of law (= cannot be enforced).專業規範通常沒有法律效力。
force

noun⁴

 4sb/sth with power/influence有權力或影響的人或事ADJECTIVE | VERB + FORCE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, formidable, great, irresistible, major, overwhelming, potent, powerful, significant, strong, unstoppable相當大的／令人畏懼的／重大的／不可抗拒的／主要的／壓倒一切的／潛在的／強大的／重要的／強有力的／無法阻擋的影響力▸➤active, controlling, dominant, driving, main, moving有效的／控制性的／起支配作用的／起促進作用的／主要的／有推動作用的影響力▸➤motivating推動力▸➤persuasive說服力▸➤constructive, creative, dynamic, positive, progressive建設性的影響；創造力；活力；積極影響；進步力量▸➤destructive, disruptive, negative破壞力；顛覆力量；負面影響◇She was seen as a potentially disruptive force within the party.她被看成黨內潛在的分裂勢力。➤cohesive, unifying凝聚力；統一力▸➤competitive, conflicting, countervailing, opposing, reactionary競爭力；相抵觸的力量；相制衡的力量；反對勢力；反動勢力▸➤internal內部勢力▸➤external, international, outside外部勢力；國際勢力；外來力量◇The play portrays a marriage torn apart by external forces.這部劇描述了一樁被外部力量拆散的婚姻。➤invisible, unseen看不見的力量▸➤natural自然力◇powerful natural forces such as earthquakes and drought諸如地震和乾旱之類的強大自然力量➤spiritual, supernatural精神力量；超自然的力量▸➤dark, demonic, evil, malevolent黑暗勢力；邪惡勢力◇'There are dark forces in the universe,' he raved, 'and we are powerless against them!'“宇宙中有一些暗力，”他胡言亂語道：“但我們無力反抗！”➤cultural, economic, intellectual, market, moral, political, productive, revolutionary, social文化力量；經濟力量；知識力量；市場力量；道德力量；政治力量；生產力；革命力量；社會力量◇powerful social and economic forces強大的社會和經濟力量VERB + FORCE➤remain保持力量◇Though officially retired, she remains the creative force behind the design business.雖然已正式退休，她仍然是設計界的創造性力量。➤balance平衡力量◇This is a politician who does not like to balance market forces.這是一個不喜歡平衡市場力量的政治人物。➤fight與⋯勢力作鬥爭◇to fight the forces of evil與邪惡勢力作鬥爭PREPOSITION➤force behind⋯背後的力量◇Local parents were the driving force behind the project.當地家長是這一項目的幕後推動力量。➤force for對⋯產生影響的力量◇Competition is a force for change in industry.競爭是工業變革的推動力量。PHRASES➤a balance of forces力量的平衡◇shifts in the balance of political forces in Europe歐洲政治力量平衡的變化➤a force to be reckoned with不可忽視的力量◇With its new players, the team is now very much a force to be reckoned with.加入了新隊員後，這支隊伍成了一股不可忽視的力量。➤the forces of nature大自然的力量
force

noun⁵

 5group of people trained for a particular purpose受專門訓練的人員ADJECTIVE | VERB + FORCE | FORCE + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤large大部隊▸➤small, token小部隊；有名無實的部隊◇a token force of only 300 men一支只有 300 人的象徵性部隊➤100-strong, etc. * 100 人等的部隊▸➤superior優良的部隊▸➤crack, elite, special精銳部隊；特種部隊◇These elite forces are the best equipped and trained in the world.這些精銳部隊是世界上裝備最精良且訓練最有素的部隊。➤combined, joint聯合部隊◇the combined forces of MI5 and Scotland Yard由軍情五處與倫敦警察廳聯合組成的隊伍◇a joint task force聯合特遣部隊➤allied, coalition, multinational同盟軍；聯合部隊；多國部隊▸➤strategic戰略部隊▸➤labour/labor, sales, work (usually workforce) 勞動力；銷售隊伍；勞動力大軍◇the US labour / labor force美國的勞動力◇the company's sales force該公司的銷售員工➤armed, armoured/armored, military, paramilitary武裝部隊；裝甲部隊；軍事力量；準軍事部隊▸➤government, loyal政府軍；忠於政府的軍隊➤enemy, guerrilla, hostile, occupation, occupying, opposition, rebel敵軍；游擊隊；敵對力量；佔領軍；反對派部隊；叛軍◇He called on the local population to rise up against the occupying forces.他號召當地人民起來反抗佔領軍。➤friendly友軍▸➤regular正規軍▸➤reserve預備役軍▸➤all-volunteer, volunteer志願軍▸➤conventional常規部隊▸➤nuclear核部隊▸➤assault, combat, defence/defense, expeditionary, fighting, invasion, peace, peacekeeping, police, security, strike突擊隊；戰鬥部隊；防禦部隊；遠征軍；作戰部隊；侵略軍；和平軍隊；維和部隊；警察隊伍；安全部隊；突擊部隊 (see also task force) ➤air, airborne, amphibious, ground, land, naval空軍；空降部隊；兩棲（作戰）部隊；陸軍；海軍VERB + FORCE➤assemble, create, form, mobilize, set up調集兵力；建立部隊；組建隊伍；動員兵力◇A large expeditionary force is now being assembled.現在正在集結一支人數眾多的遠征軍。➤send派遣兵力◇the decision to send armed forces over the border往境外派遣武裝部隊的決定➤provide派遣軍隊▸➤deploy, employ, use部署／雇傭／使用部隊◇A small peacekeeping force will be deployed in the area.在這一地區將部署一支小型維和部隊。➤withdraw撤軍▸➤command, head, head up, lead指揮部隊；領導軍隊➤join參軍◇She decided to join the armed forces.她決定參軍。➤train訓練軍隊▸➤support支持部隊◇More troops have been called in to support the coalition forces there.已調入更多的軍隊以支持那裏的聯合部隊。➤combine, join聯合力量◇The two companies have joined forces to form a new consortium.這兩家公司聯合起來組成了新的財團。FORCE + VERB➤control sth部隊控制⋯◇Rebel forces now control most of the capital.叛軍現在已控制首都的大部份地區。➤operate部隊行動◇UN forces operating in the region在該地區行動的聯合國部隊PREPOSITION➤in a/the force在隊伍中◇people in the security forces安全部隊人員PHRASES➤a member of a force, the withdrawal of a force隊伍的一員；撤回兵力◇a deadline for the withdrawal of forces撤軍的最後期限
BNC: 369 COCA: 372
force noun
⇨ force (use excessive force) ⇨ army (Allied forces) ⇨ control (have the force of law) ⇨ effect (the force of her argument) ⇨ impact (the force of the blow) ⇨ influence (a force for change) ⇨ pressure 2 (the use of force) ⇨ in force ⇨ active adj.force verb
⇨ force (be forced to resign) ⇨ push 1 (force a door open)force

noun

force ♦︎ strength ♦︎ power ♦︎ mightThese are all words for the quality of being physically strong, or the use of physical strength. 这些词均表示力、力气、力量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆physical force / strength / power◆brute force / strength◆to use force / your strength / your power / your might■ force [uncountable] physical strength used in violent action; violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth 武力；暴力◆We had to resort to force to get the door open.我们不得不强行把门打开。◆The police were accused of using excessive force.警方被指滥用暴力。◆The rioters were taken away by force.聚众闹事者被强行带走。◆ (disapproving) We achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.我们通过说服会比使用暴力更有成效。   see also force ⇨ push verb 1 ■ strength [uncountable] muscle power; the health and fitness needed to do physical work or actions 力气；体力；力量◆His superior physical strength won him the title.他夺冠靠的是超群的体力。◆It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.你可能需要几个星期才能恢复体力。◆She didn't have the strength to walk any further.她再也走不动了。   see also strong ⇨ strong 1 , strong ⇨ well , strengthen ⇨ strengthen , energy ⇨ energy 2 ■ power [uncountable] physical strength used in action; physical strength that sb possesses and might use 体力；力量◆He hit the ball with as much power as he could.他使出全力击球。◆the sheer physical power of the man那男子惊人的体力   see also powerful ⇨ strong 1 ■ might (formal or literary) great strength, energy or power 强大力量；威力◆America's military might美国的军事力量◆He pushed against the rock with all his might.他用尽全力推那块石头。 force

verb

force ♦︎ make ♦︎ oblige ♦︎ compel ♦︎ drive ♦︎ impelThese words all mean to put sb in a situation where they have to do sth, especially sth that they do not want to do. 这些词均表示迫使、强迫。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to drive / impel sb to sth◆to force sb / be made / be obliged / compel sb / drive sb / impel sb to do sth◆to feel obliged / compelled / impelled to do sth■ force [transitive, often passive] to put sb in a situation in which they have to do sth that they do not want to do 迫使；强迫◆Ill health forced him into early retirement.他由于健康欠佳不得不提前退休。◆I was forced to take a taxi because the last bus had left.最后一班公共汽车已经开走，我只好打车。◆She forced herself to be polite to them.她对他们强装客气。◆Public pressure managed to force a change in the government's position.公众的压力迫使政府改变了立场。◆He didn't force me－ I wanted to go.他没有逼我，是我自己想去的。  see also force ⇨ pressure noun 2 ■ make (made, made) [transitive] to put sb in a situation in which they have to do sth whether they want to or not 迫使；强迫◆They made me repeat the whole story.他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。◆His snoring was so bad, she made him sleep on the sofa downstairs.他鼾声如雷，她只好让他睡在楼下的沙发上。◆We were made to work very hard.我们被迫卖力工作。NOTE 辨析 Force or make? Make is slightly more informal and is used especially in conversation. It is usually a person who makes sb else do sth, especially by ordering or telling them in a firm way. 跟force相比，make略微非正式，尤用于交谈中。make表达此义时主语通常是人，尤指命令或坚决地吩咐他人去做某事◆Mum makes us eat lots of vegetables.妈妈要求我们吃很多蔬菜。 Force often suggests strong persuasion or threats from sb, or describes a situation in which there is no choice about what to do. * force 常意味着某人措辞强硬地劝说或威胁，或描述某种别无选择的情况◆The hijackers forced the passengers to lie on the ground.劫机者强迫乘客躺在地上。◆The plane was forced to make an emergency landing because of bad weather.飞机因恶劣天气被迫紧急着陆。In the passive both verbs are followed by the infinitive with to 这两个动词用于被动语态时后面均接带 to 的不定式◆to be forced / made to do sthbut note the difference between the two verbs in the active. 但要注意用于主动语态时二者的区别◆to force sb to do sth◆to make sb do sth ■ oblige əˈblaɪdʒ [transitive, usually passive] (always followed by to + infinitive 总是后接带to的不定式) (rather formal) to force sb to do sth, for example by law or because it is a duty （以法律或义务）迫使，强迫◆Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.法律规定父母必须送子女上学。◆Suppliers aren't legally obliged to provide a warranty.法律上没有规定供应商必须提供商品保修。ⓘ Oblige is used especially in official contexts to describe sth that sb is required to do by law or because it is their responsibility. * oblige尤用于正式语境，指法律规定或以职责、义务要求某人做某事◆The landlord is obliged to give tenants 24 hours' notice of a visit.房东来访必须提前24小时通知房客。It can also be used to describe a moral or social obligation, but in this context it is formal. * oblige亦指以道德或社会义务（obligation）要求某人做某事，但这一用法很正式◆We felt obliged to sit with them.我们觉得应该同他们坐在一起。   see also obligation ⇨ responsibility ■ compel kəmˈpel (-ll-) [transitive] (formal) to use your authority to force sb to do sth; to make sth necessary （利用威权）强迫，迫使；使必须◆The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女费用。◆Last year ill health compelled his retirement.去年他因健康欠佳被迫退休了。  see also compulsion ⇨ pressure noun 2 ■ drive (drove, driven) [transitive] to force sb to act in a particular way, often an extreme way 迫使，驱使（某人做出极端的事）◆The urge to survive drove them on.求生的欲望驱使他们继续下去。◆It's the story of a teenager driven to despair by the hypocrisy of the adult world.这个故事讲的是成人世界的虚伪如何将一名少年逼入绝境。■ impel ɪmˈpel (-ll-) [transitive, often passive] (formal) to be forced to do sth by a feeling or idea, especially one that seems to be beyond your control （尤指无法控制的感情或想法）驱使，促使◆He felt impelled to investigate further.他觉得有必要作进一步调查。◆There are various reasons that impel me to that conclusion.有各种原因促使我得出那个结论。
BNC: 369 COCA: 372

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