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cold

Word family 
Related topics: Games
cold1 /kəʊld $ koʊld/ ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj (comparativecomp colder, superlativesupl coldest)  
1  OBJECTS/SURFACES/LIQUIDS/ROOMS ETCCOLDobjects/surfaces/liquids/rooms 物体/表面/液体/房间 something that is cold has a low temperature 冷的，寒冷的 ，冰凉的 OPP hot → coldness
 She splashed her face with cold water.
她往脸上泼冷水。
 a blast of cold air
一股冷空气
 We slept on the cold ground.
我们睡在冰冷的地上。
 The house felt cold and empty.
屋子里感觉很冷，空荡荡的。
ice/stone/freezing cold (=very cold) 非常冷，冰冷
 The radiator is stone cold; isn’t the heating working?
暖气片冰凉冰凉的，是不是暖气停了？
go/get cold (=become cold) 变冷
 My tea’s gone cold.
我的茶已经凉了。
 Come and eat or your dinner will get cold!
过来吃饭吧，要不饭菜就凉了！
2  WEATHERCOLDweather 天气 when there is cold weather, the temperature of the air is very low 冷的，寒冷的 OPP hot → coldness
 It was so cold this morning I had to scrape the ice off my windshield.
今天早晨太冷了，我不得不把挡风玻璃上的冰刮掉。
 The day was bitterly cold.
这天天气严寒。
 The hut sheltered her from the cold wind.
这棚屋为她遮挡了寒风。
cold winter/evening/January etc
 the coldest winter on record
有史以来最冷的一个冬天
cold out/outside
 It was raining and freezing cold outside.
外面在下雨，非常寒冷。
 The weather gets colder around the middle of October.
10 月中旬时天气开始转冷。
turn/grow cold (=become cold or colder, especially suddenly) 〔尤指突然〕变冷
 The nights grew colder.
夜里开始变得更冷了。
3  be/feel/look/get cold COLDif you are cold, your body is at a low temperature 很冷/感到冷/看起来冷/变冷
 Could you turn up the heater, I’m cold.
你能把取暖器打开吗？我很冷。
 I feel so cold!
我觉得冷极了！
 My feet are as cold as ice (=very cold).
我双脚冰冷。
Examples from the Corpus
be/feel/look/get cold• Aren't you cold?• Come inside before you get cold.• She was afraid his skin would be cold.• Since we were making plans to camp at Mammoth, we expected it to be cold.• But no, he decided, the boss was getting colder and colder and his voice quieter.• She felt cold and sick and wished she could crawl away and lie down.• My chips will be cold by now.• Unfortunately he, the lover, had got cold feet at the last minute.• It was getting cold in the room.• He was getting cold, too.
4  FOOD EATEN COLDEATfood 食物 cold food is cooked but not eaten hot 冷的，凉的
 a plate of cold meats
一盘冷肉
 a cold buffet
自助冷餐
 Serve the potatoes cold.
把土豆凉着端上来。
5  LACKING FEELINGEMOTIONALlacking feeling 缺乏情感 unfriendly or lacking normal human feelings such as sympathy, pity, humour etc 冷漠的，冷酷的 OPP warm → coldly, coldness
 Martin was really cold towards me at the party.
马丁在聚会上对我非常冷淡。
 His voice was as cold as ice.
他的声音冷冰冰的。
 She gave him a cold stare.
她冷冷地瞪了他一眼。
 a cold calculated murder
一起冷血的蓄意谋杀
► see thesaurus at unfriendly
6  get/have cold feet informalBRAVE# to suddenly feel that you are not brave enough to do something you planned to do 临阵退缩，胆怯
Examples from the Corpus
get/have cold feet• He and his neighbors bought a fire truck to protect their area, but the neighbors got cold feet.• Juicy, tender and sinfully rich, I immodestly enjoyed every one when my companion got cold feet.• Some are said to be getting cold feet.• They later got cold feet and canceled the order.• But the prince got cold feet and failed to turn up.• We are all tired, and have cold feet and hands.• He gets cold feet and phones his bank manager asking him to stop the cheque.• Unfortunately he, the lover, had got cold feet at the last minute.• I began to get cold feet, but these other two guys were totally positive and they were absolutely right.
7. give somebody the cold shoulder informalIGNORE to deliberately ignore someone or be unfriendly to them, especially because they have upset or offended you 故意冷落某人，冷待某人
Examples from the Corpus
give somebody the cold shoulder• After I got the promotion, a few of my co-workers started giving me the cold shoulder.• So they have given girlfriends the cold shoulder.• She was sure that at some point she'd given some one the cold shoulder and hurt them badly without noticing.• Vernon regretted giving Harcourt the cold shoulder; he would have been some one to laugh with.
8  LIGHT/COLOURCOLOUR/COLORlight/colour 光线/颜色 a cold colour or light reminds you of things that are cold 给人冷感的，冷的 OPP warm → coldness
9  in the cold light of day in the morning, when you can think clearly or see something clearly 在头脑清醒时的早晨；在天光大亮的早上
Examples from the Corpus
in the cold light of day• Night-time madness isn't appealing, seen in the cold light of day.• I knew that, in the cold light of day, he held all the aces.
10. cold (hard) cash MONEY American EnglishAmE money in the form of paper money and coins rather than cheques or credit cards 现款，现金
Examples from the Corpus
cold (hard) cash• After a year, the igloo-shaped stadium has cost the citizens $ 20 million in very cold cash.• The other driving force is cold cash and order books.• No cold cash in the Nugent icebox, however, so I moved on.• Luckily, the chatter of cold hard cash later persuaded the state to sell the name to the highest bidder.
11  leave somebody cold INTERESTEDto not feel interested in or affected by something in any way 无法引起某人的兴趣；未打动某人
Examples from the Corpus
leave somebody cold• All this talk about counselling and therapy left me cold.• Ballet just leaves me cold.• Opera leaves me cold.• Why are people so crazy about opera? It leaves me completely cold.
12. take/need a cold shower SEX/HAVE SEX WITHused humorously to say that someone is sexually excited and the cold water will stop them feeling that way 需要冲个冷水澡〔幽默用法，指某人有性冲动〕
Examples from the Corpus
take/need a cold shower• He put water on to boil and took a cold shower.• In the morning, when you get up, take a cold shower.• There is one foolproof way to rid yourself of this - take a cold shower.• Instead he took a cold shower and a huge mug of coffee, and tried to sort out his thoughts.• I took a cold shower and changed my clothes.
13  somebody’s trail/scent is cold TRAIL/SCENTLONG TIMEused to say that you cannot find someone because it has been too long since they passed or lived in a particular place 某人已经踪迹全无
Examples from the Corpus
somebody’s trail/scent is cold• The trail seemed cold until a woman in Mississippi recognized Pearson's face in a wanted poster.
14  GAMEDGin games 在游戏中 [not before noun] used in children’s games, to say that someone is far away from the hidden object or answer they are trying to find 〔儿童游戏中〕远离隐藏物的；离猜中差得远的
15  cold facts facts without anything added to make them more pleasant or interesting 客观的事实
Examples from the Corpus
cold facts• The colder facts about the patterns of career destinations for the bulk of social science graduates are less glamorous but more diverse.
16. cold steel literaryWEAPON a weapon such as a knife or sword 冷兵器，利器〔如刀、剑等〕
Examples from the Corpus
cold steel• Five minutes later found me flinching and clenching. biting into the black vinyl of the couch as cold steel penetrated.
→ in cold blood at blood1(3), → cold fish at fish1(8), → blow hot and cold at blow1(21), → cold comfort at comfort1(7), → pour cold water over/on at pour(6), → a cold sweat at sweat2(3)
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: when there is cold weather, the temperature of the air is very low 冷的，寒冷的
ncold + NOUN
cold weather
More cold weather is expected later this week.
a cold night/day
It was a cold night with a starlit sky.
a cold winter
A cold winter will increase oil consumption.
a cold wind
A cold wind was blowing from the north.
a cold spell (=a period of cold weather, especially a short one)
We’re currently going through a bit of a cold spell.
a cold snap (=a short period of very cold weather)
There had been a sudden cold snap just after Christmas.
nadverbs
freezing/icy cold
Take your gloves – it’s freezing cold out there.
bitterly cold (=very cold)
The winter of 1921 was bitterly cold.
unusually/exceptionally cold
a period of unusually cold weather
quite/pretty cold
It’s going to be quite cold today.
cold out/outside
It’s too cold out – I’m staying at home.
verbs
nbecome cold (also get cold informal)
In my country, it never really gets cold.
turn/grow cold (=become cold, especially suddenly) 〔尤指突然〕变冷
nThe birds fly south before the weather turns cold.
 THESAURUS
person 人
cold used especially when you feel uncomfortable 冷的，冰凉的 冷的〔尤指感到不舒服〕
I’m cold – can I borrow a sweater?
我很冷——借件毛衣给我好吗？
cool a little cold, especially in a way that feels comfortable 凉爽的，凉快的
The air-conditioning keeps everyone cool.
空调让每个人都感到凉爽。
freezing (cold) spoken very cold and very uncomfortable 极冷的
You look absolutely freezing!
你看上去冷极了！
shivery cold and unable to stop shivering, especially because you are ill 冷得发抖的,哆嗦的〔尤因生病〕
I felt shivery and had a headache.
我冷得发抖，还头痛。
weather 天气
cold used especially when you feel uncomfortable 冷的，冰凉的 冷的，寒冷的〔尤指感到不舒服〕
It gets very cold here in the winter.
这里的冬天非常冷。
cool a little cold, often in a way that feels comfortable 凉爽的，凉快的
It’s very hot in the day, but cooler at night.
白天非常热，但夜里凉快一点。
a nice cool breeze
凉爽的微风
chilly a little cold, but not very cold, in a way that feels rather uncomfortable 微冷的，有寒意的
a chilly autumn day
一个清冷的秋日
It’s a bit chilly.
有点寒意。
freezing (cold) spoken very cold and very uncomfortable 极冷的
It’s freezing outside.
外面冷极了。
bitterly cold very cold and very uncomfortable 非常寒冷的
It can be bitterly cold in the mountains.
山里有时非常寒冷。
icy (cold) very cold, especially when the temperature is below zero 冰冷的〔尤指温度在零度以下〕
The wind was icy cold.
寒风凛冽。
crisp cold, dry, and clear, in a way that seems pleasant 清新凉爽的
I love these crisp autumn mornings.
我喜欢秋天里这种清冷的早晨。
frosty in frosty weather, the ground is covered in a frozen white powder 霜冻的
It was a bright frosty morning.
那天早上，地上结霜，阳光明媚。
arctic extremely cold and unpleasant, with snow and ice 极冷的，天寒地冻的
He would not survive for long in the arctic conditions.
他在这冰天雪地的环境里活不了很久。
arctic weather
严寒的天气
room 房间
cold used especially when you feel uncomfortable 冷的，冰凉的 冷的，寒冷的〔尤指感到不舒服〕
It’s cold in here.
这里很冷。
cool a little cold, especially in a way that feels comfortable 凉爽的，凉快的
Let’s go inside where it’s cool.
我们进去吧，里面挺凉快。
freezing (cold) spoken very cold 极冷的
I had to sleep in a freezing cold room.
我只得睡在一个冰冷的房间里。
draughty British EnglishBrE, drafty American EnglishAmE /ˈdrɑːfti $ ˈdræfti/ with cold air blowing in from outside, in a way that feels uncomfortable 通风的，有过堂风的
Old houses can be very draughty.
老房子有时风很大。
food, liquid, or something you touch 食物、液体或触摸的物品
cold 冷的，冰凉的
The water’s too cold for swimming.
这水太冷不能游泳。
a cold stone floor
冰冷的石头地面
cool a little cold, especially in a way that seems pleasant 凉的，凉爽的
a nice cool drink
一杯清凉的饮料
cool white sheets
让人感觉凉爽的白色被单
freezing (cold) very cold 冰冷的
His friends pulled him from the freezing water.
他的朋友把他从冰冷的水里拖了上来。
chilled food and drinks that are chilled have been deliberately made cold 冷却的，冰镇的
a bottle of chilled champagne
一瓶冰镇香槟
frozen kept at a temperature which is below zero 冷冻的，冷藏的
frozen peas
冷冻豌豆
Examples from the Corpus
cold• He woke up in the middle of the night feeling cold.• I'd hate to live somewhere where it's always cold.• I wanted to swim, but the water was too cold.• By the time I got off the phone, my coffee was stone cold.• Come and sit by the fire. You look cold.• Come eat your dinner before it gets cold.• "He has abused his position, " a cold and angry protester said.• His manner all evening was cold and unfriendly.• How about a nice cold beer?• I think we'll just have a cold buffet.• Dad, I'm cold. Can I put the heater on?• I thought you were supposed to get cold chills on your right leg.• a cold, clear night• It gets really cold here at night.• It's so cold. I wish I was back home in Morocco.• a cold January evening• I want something cold like an ice cream bar.• He waited an hour for the train on a cold platform.• a cold, pragmatic decision• I love being in a warm bed in a cold room.• a cold stone floor• It was a very professional, cold time.• Brewing Clean the white plastic brewing bucket with the sterilising fluid and rinse it thoroughly with cold water.• The first cold winds rattled the windowpane, and I had made it just in time.• You aren't the cold woman you're pretending to be!
felt cold• As the flames died down he felt cold air on his face.• Suddenly he felt cold and afraid.• He suddenly felt cold but he could also feel the sweat running down the sides of his face.• Chrissy felt cold even to think about it.• She felt cold night air on her face.• She felt cold suddenly, and pushed everything back into the envelope.• He felt cold, thick fluid being splashed on him.
bitterly cold• It was a Friday and bitterly cold.• It was bitterly cold and it was raining.• When morning came, bitterly cold and still dark, she had made up her mind.• He wrote that it was not as he had pictured it as the weather was bitterly cold and wet with some snow.• I wasn't annoyed except that it was bitterly cold, freezing.• We all know how bitterly cold it is now outside; it is not very cold here, of course.• On the bitterly cold morning of Sunday 13 November 1715 the two armies were woken respectively by bagpipes and trumpets.• It is bitterly cold outside today, but probably not cold enough to trigger the payments.
Related topics: Illness & disability
cold2 ●●● S2 W3 noun  
1  [countableC]MIILLNESS/DISEASE a common illness that makes it difficult to breathe through your nose and often makes your throat hurt 感冒，伤风
2  [uncountableU] (also the cold)COLD a low temperature or cold weather 冷，寒冷
3. come in from the cold ACCEPTto become accepted or recognized, especially by a powerful group of people 被〔团体〕承认[接纳]
Examples from the Corpus
come in from the cold• But we have come in from the cold to bring back a sneak preview.• But 20 years have at least seen her interests come in from the cold.• Never come in from the cold and toast by a hot fire.• Timothy Cranmer did not come in from the cold, exactly.• Who exactly was coming in from the cold?• Voice over Another faithful sign that winter is truly upon us, is when wildlife comes in from the cold.
4  leave somebody out in the cold informalIGNORE to not include someone in an activity 冷落某人，排斥某人
Examples from the Corpus
leave somebody out in the cold• These trade negotiations have left farmers out in the cold.
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
have (got) a cold 得了感冒
She’s staying at home today because she’s got a cold.
她今天因感冒待在家里。
be getting a cold (=be starting to have a cold) 要感冒了
I think I might be getting a cold.
我想我可能要感冒了。
catch a cold (=start to have one) 患感冒
I caught a cold and had to miss the match.
我患了感冒，只得错过这场比赛。
come down with a cold (also go down with a cold British EnglishBrE) informal (=catch one) 得了感冒
nA lot of people go down with colds at this time of year.
be suffering from a cold formal (=have one) 患上感冒
nHe was suffering from a cold and not his usual energetic self.
nsuffer from colds formal (=have colds)
Some people suffer from more colds than others.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + cold
a bad cold 重感冒
If you have a bad cold, just stay in bed.
如果得了重感冒，就卧床休息。
a nasty cold (also a heavy cold British EnglishBrE) (=a bad one) 重感冒
He sounded as if he had a heavy cold.
他听上去像得了重感冒。
a streaming cold British EnglishBrE (=in which a lot of liquid comes from your nose) 感冒流鼻涕
nYou shouldn’t go to work if you’ve got a streaming cold.
a slight cold 轻微的感冒
nIt’s only a slight cold – I’ll be fine tomorrow.
a chest cold (=affecting your chest) 影响胸部的感冒
nHe’s coughing all the time with a bad chest cold.
a head cold (=affecting your nose and head) 影响头部的感冒
nA bad head cold can sometimes feel like flu.
nthe common cold formal
There are hundreds of viruses that cause the common cold.
Examples from the Corpus
cold• Going on vacation is a lot like getting a cold.• The nighttime cold had a new bite.• After addressing a public meeting in support of extending the franchise to agricultural workers he had caught a severe cold.• Come in out of the cold.• The cold pressed into his rib cage.• Having a parched nose and throat may lower resistance to colds, croup, sinusitis and respiratory problems.
cold3 adverbadv  
1  American EnglishAmESUDDENLY suddenly and completely 突然地，贸然地；完全地，彻底地
2  out cold UNCONSCIOUS informal unconscious 不省人事
Examples from the Corpus
knocked out cold• The seaman had been knocked out cold, helped considerably by the cider no doubt.
3  READYwithout preparation 无准备地
Examples from the Corpus
cold• He looked at me coldly, but said nothing.• The woman coldly told us to mind our own business.• Judy stopped cold, and waited for the laughter to finish.
Origin cold1
Old English ceald, cald
cold1 adjectiveadj
→10-16

→COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1cold2 noun →COLLOCATIONS1cold3 adverbadv
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