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half

half1 /hɑːf $ hæf/ ●●● S1 W1 predeterminer , pronoun , adjective [only before noun]  
1 50% 百分之五十SHARE exactly or about 50% (½) of an amount, time, distance, number etc 一半的,半
half of
 Over half of the children live in one-parent families.
这些孩子有一半多生活在单亲家庭。
 Only half the guests had arrived by seven o’clock.
7点钟前只来了一半客人。
 If you look at our members, at least half are women.
看看我们的会员,至少有一半是女性。
half a mile/pound/hour etc
 half a pound of butter
半磅黄油
 It’s about half a mile down the road.
沿这条路走大约半英里就到了。
 She drank half a bottle of wine.
她喝了半瓶酒。
 half a million dollars
50万美元
a half hour/mile etc
 You can’t just waltz in a half hour late.
你不可以迟到半小时才大摇大摆地进来。
 It’s about a half mile down the road.
沿这条路走大约半英里就到了。
 a half day excursion to the island
去岛上的半日游
 He demanded a half share of the money.
他要求分得一半的钱。
half the price/size/length etc
 It’s only half the size of a normal violin.
它只有普通小提琴的一半大。
 They offered to pay half the cost of repairs.
他们提出支付一半的修理费用。
2 most of 大部分MOST the largest part of something 一大半
half of
 We missed half of what he said because someone was talking.
因为有人讲话,他大半的话我们都没听到。
 She seems to be asleep half the time.
她似乎多半时间都在睡觉。
 Getting covered in mud is half the fun.
很大一部分乐趣在于浑身沾满泥巴。
3 TIME 时间half past one/two/three etc especially British EnglishBrE (also half one/two/three etc British EnglishBrE spoken)TMC 30 minutes after the hour mentioned 1点半/2点半/3点半等
 I got home at about half past one.
1点半左右到家的。
 I rang at about half six.
我是6点半左右打电话的。
 We’ll be there by seven or half past (=half past seven).
我们会在7点或7点半前到那儿。
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4 half a dozen 
a) HMNsix 半打,六个
 half a dozen eggs
六只蛋
b) LOT/LARGE NUMBER OR AMOUNTa small number of people or things 几个
 There were half a dozen other people in front of me.
我前面还有其他几个人。
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5 half a/the chance a small opportunity to do something, especially one which someone would take eagerly 一丁点机会
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6 half an eye/ear if you have half an eye on something, or if you are listening with half an ear, you are giving only part of your attention to it 心不在焉[不全神贯注]地看/
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7 be half the battle spokenDIFFICULT used to say that when you have done the most difficult part of an activity, the rest is easy 成功了一大半
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8 half a minute/moment/second etc spokenSHORT TIME a very short time 一会儿
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9 only half the story SECRETan explanation that is not complete, used especially to say that someone is trying to keep something secret 只是〔事件的〕部分真相
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10 have half a mind to do something spoken used to say that you would like to do something but you probably will not do it 有点想做某事〔但很可能不做〕
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11 half measures EFFECTIVEactions or methods that are not strong enough, and so are not effective in dealing with a difficult problem 〔处理难题〕不彻底的办法[行动]
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12. half a loaf (is better than none) something that is less than what you wanted or asked for, but that you might accept because it is better than nothing 有总比没有好,聊胜于无
5GRAMMAR 语法
Use a plural verb after half (of) if you are referring to a number of people or things. 如果指若干人或事物,half (of)后要用复数动词
Barely half the citizens bother to vote.
只有半数公民愿意投票。
Use a singular verb if you are referring to an amount or thing. 如果指某一数量或事物要用单数动词
Half the food was wasted.
一半的食物浪费了。
You do not usually say ‘the half’. 一般不说the half
Over half of Britain’s ancient woodland has been destroyed.
英国超过一半的古林地已遭毁坏。
The only time you say ‘the half’ is when you are referring to a particular half. 只有在指特定的一半时才可以用the half
I’ve only read half of the story (NOT 不说 the half of the story).
这故事我才看了一半。
Do not say ‘half of hour’. Say half an hour or, especially in spoken American English, a half hour. 不要说 half of hour,而要说 half an hour 或者 a half hour (尤在美语口语中使用)
the first half of the book
这本书的前半部分
Do not say ‘one and half’, ‘two and half’ etc. Say one and a half , two and a half etc. 不要说 one and half, two and half 而要说 one and a half, two and a half
She is two and a half years old.
她两岁半。
These phrases are followed by a plural noun, not a singular noun. 这样的短语后要用复数名词而不要用单数名词
one and a half days (NOT 不说 one and a half day)
一天半
nGrammar
Numbers with half
You say one and a half, two and a half etc: 她两岁半。
She is two and a half.
Don’t say: one and half | two and half
The phrases one and a half, two and a half etc are followed by a plural noun:
We were there for one and a half days.
Don’t say: We were there for one and a half day.
Singular or plural verb?
You can use half (of) with a plural noun and a plural verb:
Only half the citizens vote.
You can use half (of) with an uncountable noun and a singular verb:
Half the food was wasted.
一半的食物浪费了。
Word order
You say half (of) the:
I’ve only read half the story.
这故事我才看了一半。
Don’t say: I’ve only read the half story.
Examples from the Corpus
Related topics: Sport, Football, Drink
half2 ●●● S1 W2 noun (plural halves /hɑːvz $ hævz/) [countableC]  
1 50% 百分之五十SHARE one of two equal parts of something 一半,二分之一
2 sport 体育运动DS one of the two parts into which a sports event is divided 半场
3 player 运动员DSF a player who plays in the middle part of the field in sports like football, rugby etc 〔足球、橄榄球等的〕中场队员
4 beer 啤酒 British EnglishBrEDFD a half of a pint of beer 半品脱
5 ticket British EnglishBrETT a child’s ticket, for example on a bus or train, that is cheaper than an adult’s ticket 儿童半票
6 a ... and a half informalGOOD/EXCELLENT used when you think that something is very unusual or surprising, or very good 棒极了,好极了
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7 the half of it spokenWORSE used to emphasize that a situation is more difficult, complicated, or unpleasant than people realize 整个情况的一部分〔用于强调比人们所意识到的更难、更复杂或更糟〕
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8. your better half/other half old-fashionedMARRY used humorously to mean your husband, wife, or partner 你的另一半〔幽默用法,指丈夫或妻子〕
9 not do something by halves CAREFULto do something very eagerly and using a lot of care and effort 一丝不苟地做某事,做某事不马虎
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10 go halves (on something) SHAREto share something, especially the cost of something, equally between two people 〔两人〕平均分摊(某物的费用);平分,对半分
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11 too clever/rich/good etc by half British EnglishBrE informalANNOY very clever, rich etc in an annoying way 聪明/富有/好等过了头
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12. how the other half lives SSLIFEhow people who are much richer or much poorer than you manage their lives, work, money etc 富人[穷人]是怎样过日子的
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nCOLLOCATIONS
verbs
break/cut/tear something in half (=into two equal pieces)
He tore the paper in half.
divide/split something in half
Divide the dough in half.
reduce/cut something by half (=make something 50% smaller or 50% less)
The company has reduced the number of staff by half.
decrease/fall by half (=become 50% less)
Share prices fell by half.
increase/rise by half (=become 50% more)
The number of passengers using the service has increased by half.
adjectives
the top/bottom half
He graduated in the top half of his law school class.
the upper/lower half
The upper half of the door contained a stained glass window.
the northern/southern half
The northern half of the city is generally poorer.
the first/second half
Profits doubled in the first half of the year.
the other half
Half the patients were given the drug and the other half were given a sugar pill.
the last/latter half
He struggled with ill health in the latter half of his life.
phrases
one/two etc and a half
‘How old is she?’ ‘Five and a half.’
Examples from the Corpus
half3 ●●● S2 adverbadv  
1 MIDDLEpartly, but not completely 部分地,不完全地
2 MIXif something is half one thing and half something else, it is a combination of those two things 一半〔表示某事物是两种事物的结合〕
3 EMPHASIZEused to emphasize something bad, to say that it is almost an extremely bad thing 极其,非常〔强调情况很糟〕
4
5 not half as/so good/interesting etc (as somebody/something) LESSmuch less good, less interesting etc than someone or something else 远不如(某人/某物)/有趣等
6 not half British EnglishBrE spokenLOT/VERY MUCH used when you want to emphasize an opinion or statement 极其,非常
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7 not half bad spokenGOOD/EXCELLENT an expression meaning good, used especially when you are rather surprised that something is good 相当好,不错〔尤指出乎意料〕
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8 half and half PARTLYpartly one thing and partly another 各占一半
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