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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3811 COCA: 3619

random

Word family 
ran·dom /ˈrændəm/ ●●○ AWL adjectiveadj  
1  CHANCE/BY CHANCEhappening or chosen without any definite plan, aim, or pattern 随意的，任意的，随机的
 The company has introduced random drug testing of its employees.
公司已实行对雇员的随机毒品测试。
 A few random shots were fired.
胡乱放了几枪。
 We looked at a random sample of 120 families.
我们研究了随机抽样的120个家庭。
 a random selection of women who were in the shop
对店内女性的随机选择
2  at random CHANCE/BY CHANCEwithout any definite plan, aim, or pattern 任意地；随便地
choose/select/pick something at random
 The gang picked their victims at random.
这帮犯罪分子随意选择对象下手。
Examples from the Corpus
at random• While he waited, he picked up a magazine, turned to a page at random, and started reading.• We selected the agencies at random from the phone book.• The forms were distributed at random to people passing by.• Twenty students were chosen at random to take part in the experiment.
n3  informal strange, unusual, or unexpected
 She's great - she's just so random!
—randomly adverbadv
 seven randomly chosen numbers
七个随机选择的数字
—randomness noun [uncountableU]
n COLLOCATIONS
nouns
a random sample
A test was carried out on a random sample of the cattle.
a random selection
He looked at a random selection of the files.
a random number
Pick a random number.
a random sequence
They were asked to memorize a random sequence of numbers.
random checks/tests
He believes the police should be able to carry out random breath tests.
random violence
The family were caught up in the random violence that haunts a neighbourhood ruled by gangs.
adverbs
completely/entirely random
The atomic particles seem to move in a completely random direction.
apparently/seemingly random
a wave of apparently random attacks
purely/truly random
a purely random sequence of numbers
phrases
in random order
The names are in random order.
Examples from the Corpus
random• I have also decided to do some random attacks as a means of confusing law enforcement.• It was the random collisions melding the rocky substances, plus turbulent accretions, that were to make up the inner planets.• Random dashes of color highlight the painting.• The union believes that the random drug testing of employees is an invasion of their privacy.• random drug tests• Median and minimum arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratios for ventilated infants on the first day were significantly lower in the random group.• At random, I opened an earlier page.• Contemporary chaos theory talks about so-called strange attractors, which are the ordering principles within such apparently random patterns.• A few random shots were fired, but the battle was over.• To keep shifting the target all the time makes life impossible and a sort of random walk develops.• Because at random was exactly how humans were trying to restore ecosystems.
random sample• The research involves collecting data from two random samples.• Y., which works mainly for ad agencies and is following a Nielsen-like model of audience measurement through random sampling.• Remember, all forms of probability sampling involve random sampling at some stage in the selection process.• It gives some idea of the cell / electrode arrangement and the random sampling of activity.• The survey was based on telephone interviews with a random sample of Americans.• A 10 percent random sample of derived polygons was evaluated to determine the measure of agreement between the initial and derived descriptions.• For instance, suppose we want to take a random sample of ten students from a class of 50.• The results are not a random sample of the vehicles on the road at all.
From Longman Business Dictionary
randomran·dom /ˈrændəm/ adjectiveadj
1random sample/ check/test etc a sample, check etc in which things or people are chosen without any particular reason or pattern so that they will include a typical mixture of the larger group they represent
The group polled a random sample of US manufacturers.
Pennsylvania conducts random checks on trucks to see that they are properly maintained.
a rule requiring random drug testing of airline employees
→ compare quota sample under sample1
2random error/effect etc an error etc that happens without any pattern, so it is difficult to say when it will happen again or why it happens
Random errors in the survey will not matter greatly.
3at random without any particular reason or pattern
Pollsters interviewed 1000 adults picked at random in 50 states.
Origin random
(1300-1400) Old French randon “great speed or force”, from randir “to run”
ran·dom adjectiveadj →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3811 COCA: 3619
random

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, seem隨意；好像隨意ADVERB➤completely, entirely, purely, quite, totally完全隨機；純粹任意；十分隨意▸➤almost幾乎任意▸➤fairly, pretty, somewhat相當／頗為／有點兒隨意▸➤truly確實任意➤essentially基本隨機▸➤apparently, seemingly顯得隨意◇a seemingly random sequence of numbers似乎隨機選出的一串數字
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3811 COCA: 3619
random

adjective

random ♦︎ haphazard ♦︎ indiscriminate ♦︎ disorganized ♦︎ untidy ♦︎ unsystematicThese words all describe things that are not organized or planned. 这些词均表示随意的、无计划的、无条理的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the random / indiscriminate use of sth◆a random / haphazard approach◆random / indiscriminate attacks◆a haphazard / an indiscriminate method◆in a random / haphazard fashion / manner◆in a random / a haphazard / an unsystematic way◆totally random / haphazard / disorganized◆very haphazard / disorganized / untidy / unsystematic◆rather haphazard / disorganized / untidy◆seemingly / apparently random / haphazard / indiscriminate■ random [usually before noun] done or chosen without sb deciding anything in advance; left to chance 随机的；随意的；碰运气的◆The group to be studied was selected on a random basis.用于研究的小组是随机选择的。◆There's no motive for this kind of random killing.这种随意杀戮没有动机。◆Random numbers are generated by the computer.随机号码是由电脑产生的。◆The names are listed in random order.名字按随机顺序排列。ⓘ Random is often used in connection with statistics and research. Collocates include allocation, distribution, effects, fluctuations, numbers, and sample. * random常用于与统计和研究有关的方面。与之搭配的词有allocation、distribution、effect、fluctuation、number和sample。 OPP predetermined ⇨ set ▸ at ˈrandom

idiom

◆She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started reading.她随手翻开书的一页读了起来。▸ randomly

adverb

◆The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.获奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。■ haphazard hæpˈhæzəd; NAmE hæpˈhæzərd (disapproving) done with no particular order or plan; not organized well 无秩序的；无计划的；组织混乱的◆It was the result of rather haphazard planning.这是规划混乱不周的结果。◆In the early years training was haphazard.早年间培训缺乏计划。▸ haphazardly

adverb

◆She started packing, throwing things haphazardly into the case.她开始打包，将东西随便地丢进箱子里。■ indiscriminate ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət (disapproving) (of actions) done without thought about the results, especially when it causes people to be harmed; (of people) acting without careful judgement （行为）不顾后果的，恣意的（尤指会伤及他人）；（人）不慎思而行的◆indiscriminate violence / killing / slaughter任意施暴；滥杀；恣意屠杀◆The newspaper denounced the indiscriminate firing by the police.该报指责警方胡乱开枪。◆She's always been indiscriminate in her choice of friends.她一向择友不慎。▸ indiscriminately

adverb

◆The soldiers fired indiscriminately into the crowd.士兵向人群胡乱开枪。■ disorganized (BrE also randomised) (disapproving) (of people) not able to plan or organize well; (of events) badly planned （人）缺乏条理的，不擅计划的；（活动）计划不周的◆They are lazy and disorganized.他们懒懒散散。◆It was a dismal, disorganized weekend.那个周末过得一塌糊涂。 OPP organized ⇨ efficient ■ untidy ʌnˈtaɪdi (of people) not keeping things neat or well organized （人）无条理的，不修边幅的◆Why do you have to be so untidy?你为什么非得这么邋遢？ OPP tidy ⇨ efficient ▸ untidiness

noun

 [uncountable] ◆Their arguments were usually about his untidiness.他们争吵通常都是因为他邋遢。■ unsystematic ˌʌnˌsɪstəˈmætɪk without a clear system 无系统的；紊乱的；杂乱无章的◆Training for volunteers is patchy and unsystematic.对志愿者的培训零散无序。OPP systematic ⇨ efficient
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3811 COCA: 3619
random
Not planned: random, arbitrary, spontaneous...

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