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TOEFL BNC: 781 COCA: 650

risk

Word family 
Related topics: Insurance
risk1 /rɪsk/ ●●● S2 W1 noun
1  [countableC, uncountableU]RISK the possibility that something bad, unpleasant, or dangerous may happen 危險（性），風險 SYN danger, → chance
risk of
Skiers always face the risk of serious injury.
滑雪者始終面臨着受重傷的風險。
risk (that)
There is a risk that the disease may spread further.
這種疾病存在進一步擴散的危險。
risk to
There is no risk to public health.
對公衆健康沒有危害。
2  [countableC]RISK an action that might have bad results 冒險行爲 → gamble
It was a risk, sending a letter to my house.
將信寄到我家是冒險。
take a risk (=do something that might have bad results) 冒險
Isn’t he taking a bit of a risk in coming here?
他來這兒不是有點冒險嗎？
take the risk of doing something
I couldn’t take the risk of leaving him alone even for a short time.
我不能冒險留下他獨自一人，哪怕是一會兒也不行。
calculated risk (=a risk you take because you think a good result is quite likely) 權衡過的風險
3  [countableC]DANGEROUS something or someone that is likely to cause harm or danger 可能造成傷害[危險]的事物[人]
risk to
Polluted water supplies are a risk to public health.
受污染的水源對公衆健康是一個威脅。
Meat from the infected animals is regarded as a serious health risk (=something likely to harm people’s health).
受感染動物的肉被認爲對健康有嚴重威脅。
The tyre dump is a major fire risk (=something that could cause a dangerous fire).
那堆廢輪胎是一個很大的火災隐患。
She’s becoming a security risk (=someone who may tell important secrets to an enemy).
她成了危險分子。
4  at risk RISKin a situation where you may be harmed 處境危險，受到威脅
We must stop these rumours; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
我們必須制止這些謠傳，公司的名譽受到了威脅。
at risk from
Women are more at risk from the harmful effects of alcohol than men.
女性受酒精危害的可能性比男性更大。
at risk of
Their children are also at high risk of developing the disease.
他們的孩子患此病的風險也很高。
That would mean putting other children at risk.
那將意味着讓其他孩子遭受威脅。
Examples from the Corpus
putting ... at risk• Misuse through ignorance can result in your getting lost, flying into controlled airspace, and putting other aircraft at risk.• The workers said the campaign was attracting bad publicity for their company and putting their livelihoods at risk.• They are putting lives at risk, and the ones who pay are us, here at the mercy of the government.• The coal's importers deny they're putting miners jobs at risk.• Not only was she putting herself at risk but also her family, by carrying home all sorts of germs.• I wouldn't hesitate to tell an overweight, unfit man that he was putting his health at risk.
5  run a risk RISKto be in a situation where there is a possibility that something bad could happen to you 冒險
run the risk of doing something
Anyone travelling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested.
任何人不帶護照旅行都有被逮捕的危險。
Examples from the Corpus
run the risk of doing something• Archer understood that he ran the risk of having his mandate withdrawn, and for some obscure reason he disliked the prospect.• At least she wouldn't run the risk of bumping into Julius in the shower.• But any brief lay summary runs the risk of getting things wrong.• But even were Mr Li to harbour such intentions, he would run the risk of seeing Mr Zhu come out shining.• Even so they could have done with cutting the lineouts more, even though this strategy runs the risks of cluttering the midfield.• He did not want to run the risk of being brushed off.• To adopt too critical or enquiring a position at this stage would be to run the risk of alienation.• Training costs money, and the pioneering firms that take this path run the risk of having their workers poached by rivals.
6  at the risk of doing something RISKused when you think that what you are going to say or do may have a bad result, may offend or annoy people etc 冒着做某事的危險
At the risk of sounding stupid, can I ask a question?
恕我愚昧，能問個問題嗎？
Will they go ahead with their plans, even at the risk of offending the Americans?
他們會繼續實行他們的計劃嗎，哪怕是冒着得罪美國人的危險？
Examples from the Corpus
at the risk of doing something• A school has to be able to make rules about students' dress, even at the risk of upsetting parents.• There were even imitation sheepskins, but worn at the risk of being considered a total nebbish.• Which, at the risk of uttering sacrilege, may not be such a bad thing.• At the risk of being boring, I have to say again how much I enjoyed myself.• At the risk of sounding like your mother, you'd better dress up warm.• This is a point which -- at the risk of being boring -- I must emphasize once again.• Cantor figured he could afford caution, even at the risk of insulting the caller.• How I loved being normal, even at the risk of becoming a Red Cross water-safety statistic.• However, at the risk of underestimating such differences, certain current issues can be picked out.• However, there is no point investing for the long term at the risk of being caned in the short term.• Proceed with caution and, at the risk of sounding like a tabloid astrologer, look before you leap.
7  at your own risk RISKif you do something at your own risk, you do it when you understand the possible dangers and have been warned about them 自擔風險，責任自負
You can use it, but it’s at your own risk.
你可以用它，但後果自負。
All personal belongings are left at the owner’s risk.
所有私人物品，一旦丢失，責任自負。
Examples from the Corpus
at your own risk• You could leave your bicycle at Dingle Station every day for a week for only 6d, at your own risk of course.• Follow their advice at your own risk.• There are also sanctioned nude beaches and unsanctioned beaches, where you go buff at your own risk.• Danger - enter at your own risk.• Parkers need to be clearly warned that they park their vehicles entirely at their own risk.• Anyone who swims in this part of the river does it at their own risk.• Journalists were allowed into the area, but only at their own risk.• The trespasser comes on to the premises at his own risk.• Any such person relies upon the report at his own risk.• But it's at your own risk.• Visitors who park their cars in the corner lot do so at their own risk.• Taste them at your own risk.
8  [countableC]BFI a person or business judged according to the danger involved in giving them insurance or lending them money 〔按其風險評估的〕保險對象；貸款對象
good/bad/poor risk
Drivers under 21 are regarded as poor risks by insurance companies.
未滿21歲的駕駛者被保險公司認爲是高風險的保險對象。
 COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
high 高的
Professional sport involves a relatively high risk of injury.
職業運動具有相對較高的受傷風險。
low 低的
The risks of failure are quite low.
失敗的風險很低。
considerable (=fairly large) 相當大的
Starting up your own business involves considerable risks.
自己創業風險相當大。
a big/great/huge risk 大的風險
There is a great risk that the wound will become infected.
傷口感染的風險很大。
an increased/reduced risk 增加/減少的風險
Those who smoke have an increased risk of heart disease.
吸煙者患心髒病的風險更大。
a real risk 很大的風險
nThere is a real risk that there could be another war.
a serious/grave risk (=real and big) 極大的風險
nThe most serious risk of flooding this evening is on the River Wye.
a potential risk 潛在風險
nThe potential risks associated with this operation should not be ignored.
na financial risk
There is relatively little financial risk for the company.
na political risk
The political risks for the president are minimal.
attendant risks formal (=risks involved in something) 附帶風險
nThose who deal with firearms are generally aware of the attendant risks.
verbs
carry a risk (=might be dangerous) 帶來風險
Most medical operations carry some risk.
大多數手術都帶有某種風險。
pose a risk (=might be dangerous) 構成風險
Climate change poses serious risks to the environment.
氣候變化對環境構成極大的威脅。
involve/entail risk 含有/必然伴有風險
Investments that provide a high return generally entail more risk.
高回報的投資一般必然伴有更多風險。
reduce/minimize a risk 降低風險/令風險最小化
This diet could reduce your risk of certain cancers.
這一飲食方式會降低罹患某些癌症的風險。
increase a risk 增加風險
nSmoking increases the risk of heart disease.
eliminate risk (=remove risk completely) 消除風險
nYou can’t eliminate risk in your life completely.
avoid a risk 避免風險
nThey are anxious to avoid any risk of criticism.
face a risk 面對危險
nThe dominant male faces the risk that adult males from the group will attack him.
risk + NOUN
a risk factor (=something that increases a risk) 風險因素
nHigh cholesterol is one of the risk factors associated with heart disease.
risk assessment (=a calculation of how much risk is involved in something) 風險評估
nEngineering risk assessment is based on objective scientific criteria.
phrases
there is a risk 有風險
There is always a risk that mistakes will be made.
犯錯的風險總是有的。
an element/degree of risk (=some risk, but not much) 一定程度的風險
There is always an element of risk in flying.
坐飛機始終存在一定的風險。
be worth the risk 值得冒險
Don’t walk home alone at night – it’s not worth the risk.
晚上不要獨自步行回家——這樣冒險不值得。
the risks involved/the risks associated with something 某事的風險
The soldiers were well aware of the risks involved.
士兵們很清楚其中的風險。
nThe public are unwilling to accept the risks associated with nuclear energy.
the benefits outweigh the risks (=they are more important than the possible risks) 利大於弊
nThe benefits to patients who are taking the drug far outweigh the risks.
Examples from the Corpus
risk• A high-technology firm, for example, faces a great deal more business risk than does an electric utility.• The whole point is adventure and calculated risk taking.• Many of these beaches are not clean, and they carry a high risk of viral infection for swimmers.• There is a high risk of injury in contact sports such as rugby.• For high risk junctions increasing exemplar risk is associated with an increase in the amount of information described.• The increased risk for acute lymphoid leukemia alone was 43 %, the researchers said.• Among middle-class women, early marriage played a similar role in increasing risk of depression.• Drivers often break the speed limit, and there's little risk of getting caught.• How much risk is there with this kind of operation?• The disease affects cats but there is no risk to humans.• There are a lot of risks involved when you start your own business.• Mantel-Haenszel weights were used for summary risk ratio estimates.• It is possible to get malaria in this area, but the risk is pretty low.• We can't ignore the risk that fighting could spread throughout the region.• What exactly is the risk of an ordinary aircraft crashing?• People continue to smoke, despite knowing the risks of heart disease or cancer.• Wearing a seatbelt can reduce the risk of serious injury.• Clean the wound thoroughly to reduce the risk of infection.• Similarly, they share the risks and the profits or losses which may accrue to them.• A lot of children start smoking without realizing what the risks are.• Trading Bonds for a pitcher is an unacceptable risk because pitchers break down so frequently.• Nothing worthwhile is accomplished without risk or danger.
risk to• I'm worried that my age may be a risk to my unborn child.
take the risk of doing something• But you daren't take the risk of trying it on in case I was calling your bluff and would refuse you.• Few are willing to take the risk of pursuing major new opportunities that are not covered by their stated objectives.• He believes every nation takes the risk of violence.• Now he saw his chance and desperation forced him to take the risk of climbing down on to the line in the darkness.• Rather than pay the bribes and suffer the losses resulting from delays, people took the risk of fines for disobeying the law.• She blinked twice, taking the risk of missing the right few seconds while her eyes were shut.• Thus the legal aid scheme permits those eligible to take the risk of litigation at the possible expense of the Fund.• Unfortunately, it appears certain that the Federal Reserve will not take the risk of seeking higher growth.
security risk• Decorative projecting bricks, alcoves, wrought iron gates, and so on, are a security risk.• Bobby Kennedy declared Sinatra's home a security risk, and the President had to cancel his stay at the Sinatra mansion.• It is hard for me to imagine how you could say they present a security risk.• The investigations are intended to prevent spies, criminals, security risks and other undesirables from entering government.• On paper, Jack Edward Dunlap was the ideal security risk.• Windows 95 users will want to explore some built-in security risks in that software.• The Northern authorities confirmed tonight they wouldn't be switching the tie despite the obvious security risk.• Apparently they regarded Churchill as a poor security risk.
good/bad/poor risk• The College did a survey and decided it was not a good risk.• Perhaps; but on the other hand, if insurers are forced to accept bad risks, somebody has to pay.• In this, insurers have to pool good and bad risks and charge a standard premium to all subscribers.• Perhaps over-confidence has meant the taking of poor risks or a laziness over home-work.• Partners can pool their money capital and are usually somewhat better risks in the eyes of bankers.• A second effect is that the worst risks will continue to lose coverage, but this time on price.• This is why the worst risk of swinging and ground looping is always in calm or light wind conditions.
risk2 ●●○ verb [transitiveT]
1  RISKto put something in a situation in which it could be lost, destroyed, or harmed 使冒〔失去、毀壞或傷害的〕風險 → gamble
When children start smoking, they don’t realize that they’re risking their health.
小孩子學抽煙的時候並沒有意識到這是在拿自己的健康去冒險。
risk something to do something
He’s prepared to risk everything to avoid this war.
他準備不惜一切來避免這場戰爭。
risk something on something
You’d be crazy to risk your money on an investment like that!
你瘋了，竟然拿錢去冒險做那樣的投資！
He risked his life helping others to escape.
他冒着生命危險去幫助其他人逃離。
I’m not going to risk my neck (=risk my life) just to save a common criminal.
我才不會冒死去救一個慣犯。
Why risk life and limb (=risk your life and health) jumping out of a plane just to raise money for charity?
何必爲了慈善募捐去玩命跳飛機呢？
2  RISKto get into a situation where something unpleasant may happen to you 擔…風險，冒…的危險 → endanger
risk doing something
They may even risk losing their homes.
他們甚至有可能失去房子。
risk defeat/death etc
He would prefer not to risk another embarrassing defeat.
他可不想冒再次失敗丢人現眼的風險。
Some people are prepared to risk imprisonment for what they believe.
有些人爲了信仰甘冒牢獄之險。
risk being seen/caught/arrested etc
Workers who broke the strike risked being attacked when they left the factory.
破壞罷工的工人在離開工廠時有遭受攻擊的危險。
3  RISKto do something that you know may have dangerous or unpleasant results 冒險做〔可能有危險或不好結果的事〕
risk doing something
Are you prepared to risk traveling without an armed guard?
你準備冒險不帶武裝警衛出行嗎？
She risked a glance back over her shoulder.
她壯着膽子回頭看了一眼。
You could slip out of school between classes, but I wouldn’t risk it.
你可以在課間溜出學校，但我不想冒這個險。
n Grammar
Risk is followed by an -ing form, not an infinitive. You say:
They risk being shot if they are caught.
✗Don’t say: They risk to be shot.
Examples from the Corpus
risk• He risked a cautious glance over the wall, and saw a group of guards standing by the gate.• You also see them risking accident and injury in car lanes, weaving in and out of traffic.• They risk arrest but have the support of some Civil Guards.• One thing you never did was correct Nivea and risk being called a young miss-know-it-all.• For example, committing to clear performance objectives risks both clear success and clear failure.• They had risked death in order to get their families to America.• Many refugees risk death or arrest in their attempts to flee persecution.• Once he started wandering aimlessly, a trainee risked disturbing the gods at play.• He had risked his own health to help the sick during the epidemic.• He was still too attached to his national status to risk it by appearing partisan.• Road conditions were supposed to be pretty bad, but we decided to risk it.• The university has already cut its budget as much as possible without risking its quality and reputation.• I decided to risk looking for a place to stay when I got there, rather than booking in advance.• Companies cannot risk losing customers through computer problems.• It was refreshing to hear publishers and booksellers risking offending each other.• I don't want to risk offending your parents.• The Carnegie Hero awards are given to those who risk their lives to save others.
risk life and limb• I'm getting too old to risk life and limb for a cheap thrill.• Villeneuve, who had collided with Ralf Schumacher, gets paid £10MILLION for risking life and limb in Formula One.• This meant I didn't have to get risk life and limb to get a good close up shot.
risk being seen/caught/arrested etc• Prostitution would be made legal - and kerb-crawlers would not risk being arrested.• He also risked being arrested and put in gaol.• Daren't risk being seen and so he makes his plans.• And we can't risk being seen in this wing.• Check this in advance with your service manager so that you don't risk being caught out when you are in a hurry.
risk it• If that's my only chance of getting my husband back, I'll risk it.• At midnight I took the decision to risk it.• But we had to risk it.• If you can't find out, don't risk it.• Matt didn't know whether to believe him but can you risk it?• The advisers decided they couldn't risk it.• Yet he hesitated: would an eagle like Kraal have even risked it?• She risked it all and won!• Then there is the lender's assessment of the risk it is taking.
From Longman Business Dictionary
riskrisk1 /rɪsk/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU] the possibility that something may be lost, harmed, or damaged, or that something bad, unpleasant, or dangerous may happen
If you’re considering starting a business, think carefully about the risks involved.
risk of
If your cheque book is lost or stolen, let your bank know immediately in order to reduce the risk of fraud on your account.
This is one high-technology venture that is fairly low in financial risk.
risk that
There is always a risk that the supplier will go out of business before the order is delivered.
→ downside risk
2[countableC, uncountableU]FINANCE the possibility that the value of an asset may go up or down on the stockmarket
There is always some risk with any kind of investment.
Fund managers have the resources and time to make judgments on which non-rated bonds are worth the risk.
→ currency risk → exchange risk → inflation risk → interest-rate risk → inventory risk → liquidity risk → market risk → political risk → specific risk → systematic risk → underwriting risk → unsystematic risk
3[countableC]BANKINGFINANCE the possibility that a person or business will not pay back a loan
Many banks will not lend to high-risk borrowers.
→ credit risk → sovereign risk
4[countableC]INSURANCE the possibility of a particular type of damage against which you are insured
Check in detail the risks that are covered by your policy.
5[countableC]FINANCEINSURANCE a person or business judged according to the risk involved in providing them with insurance or lending them money
Drivers under 21 are regarded as poor risks by insurance companies.
People with previous heart attacks are considered to be higher insurance risks.
→ actuarial risk → buyer's risk → carrier’s risk → catastrophe risk → insurable risk → non-insurable risk → owner’s risk → underwriting risk → uninsurable risk
6run a risk to be in a situation where there is a risk of something bad happening to you
If you fail to pay your bill, you run the risk of having your electricity supply cut off.
7take a risk to decide to do something even though you know it may have bad results
The choice facing the Government is whether or not to take a risk with inflation by reducing interest rates.
8at risk if something is at risk, it is in a situation where it may be damaged or lost
We have to stop these rumours; the firm’s reputation is at risk.
Older workers are most at risk of experiencing long-term unemployment.
Your home is at risk (=you might lose it) if you do not keep up repayments on the loan.
9at your own risk if you do something at your own risk, you do it when you understand the possible dangers and have been warned about them
All tours are undertaken at the visitor’s own risk.
riskrisk2 verb [transitiveT]
1to put something in a situation in which it could be lost, destroyed, or harmed
risk something on something
You’d have to be crazy to risk your money on an investment like that!
They risked their financial future on a brand-new business venture.
2to get into a situation where something unpleasant may happen to you
The workers risked dismissal without compensation if the strike continued.
3to do something that you know may have dangerous or unpleasant results
risk doing something
No bank would risk giving them a loan.
Origin risk1
(1600-1700) French risque, from Italian risco

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