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BNC: 1924 COCA: 1084

citizen

Word family 
cit·i·zen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ ●●● S2 W2 noun [countableC]  
1  LIVE SOMEWHEREsomeone who lives in a particular town, country, or state 市民，城镇居民；公民
 We need our schools to teach students to be good citizens.
我们需要学校把学生培养为好公民。
 The mayor urged citizens to begin preparing for a major storm.
一场特大暴风雨即将到来，市长敦促市民做好准备。
→ senior citizen
2  COUNTRY/NATIONsomeone who legally belongs to a particular country and has rights and responsibilities there, whether they are living there or not 公民，国民 → national
 At the time, there were over 2,000 British citizens living in Iraq.
当时有2,000多名英国公民生活在伊拉克。
3. second-class citizen UNIMPORTANTsomeone who is made to feel unimportant because of the way people treat them 二等公民
Examples from the Corpus
second-class citizen• One danger of treating all crime as sickness is that it makes the criminal a second-class citizen.• They want to treat all Arabs as slaves and second-class citizens.• Here we are, second-class citizens in our own country.• Private car-owners have become second-class citizens.• We did not have a chance to mingle with Okinawansthey were considered second-class citizens.• Women were very definitely second-class citizens.• Some speak resentfully of a takeover by the Wessis, with themselves marked out for the role of second-class citizens.• But they remained second-class citizens as the Service restocked itself with young men of the right background from Oxford and Cambridge.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1 : someone who lives in a particular town, country, or state
adjectives
a good citizen
One of the aims of education is to produce good citizens.
a law-abiding citizen (=never breaking the law)
Most of the people in this town are law-abiding citizens.
a respectable/decent citizen (=good and honest)
There are gangs on the streets who are terrorizing respectable citizens.
an upstanding/upright citizen (=honest and responsible)
The rest of his family are honest upright citizens.
a model citizen (=a very good one)
His neighbours described him as a model citizen.
an ordinary citizen (also a regular citizen American EnglishAmE)
The government is not aware of the views of ordinary citizens.
a senior citizen (=someone over 60 years old, or someone who has retired)
There are special clubs for senior citizens.
somebody’s fellow citizens (=people who live in the same town, country etc as you)
70% of our fellow citizens live in poverty.
a private citizen (=an ordinary citizen without a public position)
Laws exist to protect private citizens.
a leading/prominent citizen (=an important one)
The protests were led by leading citizens in the community.
n THESAURUS
citizen someone who lives in a particular town, country, or state
In order to become a US citizen, you need to have a Permanent Resident card.
All British citizens have the right to live in the UK.
Good citizens understand that they have a responsibility to the community.
national a citizen of a country who is living in another country
She insisted that foreign nationals were safe in the country.
Russians nationals were ordered to leave.
Her husband is a French national.
resident someone who lives in a particular street or area
There have been complaints by local residents about the building work.
She was a resident of Chicago for many years.
native someone who was born in a particular country but moved to another country – used when describing a person or their life
Picasso was a native of Spain, although he spent much of his life in France.
subject someone who was born in a country that has a king or queen, and has a right to live there
Northern Ireland citizens are British subjects.
alien formal someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in – used in official contexts
Employers cannot hire illegal aliens.
Examples from the Corpus
citizen• Claire is now a citizen of the US.• It was at this time that the idea of a citizen militia to defend the constitution against its enemies gathered support.• People who write poison warnings or mechanical instructions are addressing citizens in every state at once.• Why is the average citizen unaware of this problem?• New educational policies take their justification from the experiences of racism suffered by black citizens.• Fahd became a British citizen after living there for several years.• The police asked if we were both British citizens.• This arises due to an inadequate tax base and/or tax evasion by citizens with relatively high incomes.• The Richmond Plan denies certain citizens the opportunity to compete for a fixed percentage of public contracts based solely upon their race.• The court's ruling should be of interest to every citizen of Texas.• Parents have the responsibility of teaching our children to be good citizens.• Noriko's a Japanese citizen, but her parents are originally from South Korea.• Eventually he decided to move from the town where he had been known as a prosperous citizen.• Laurent is a Swiss citizen.• The citizens of Ketchikan were excited to see the huge ship sail into their harbor.
Origin citizen
(1200-1300) Anglo-French citezein, from Old French citeien, from cité ( → CITY); probably influenced by denizen
cit·i·zen noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 1924 COCA: 1084
citizen

noun

ADJECTIVE | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤full正式公民◇They are fighting for acceptance as full citizens of the country.他們為爭取成為這個國家的正式公民而鬥爭。➤naturalized（通過入籍的）歸化公民▸➤British, Thai, US, etc.英國、泰國、美國等公民▸➤decent, good, honest, law-abiding, model, respectable, responsible, solid, upright, upstanding規矩的／良好的／誠實的／守法的／模範／令人尊敬的／負責任的／可靠的／正直的／正派的公民◇This terrible crime has shocked all law-abiding citizens.這樁駭人的罪行震驚了所有守法的公民。➤concerned關切的公民▸➤leading, prominent傑出的公民◇She is a prominent citizen of the town.她是小鎮上的傑出公民。➤average, ordinary普通公民◇It's not clear how the new law will affect the ordinary citizen.新法將對普通公民產生怎樣的影響還不清楚。➤innocent無辜的公民➤armed (especially NAmE) 武裝的公民▸➤second-class二等公民◇Gay people have had enough of being treated as second-class citizens.同性戀者受夠了二等公民待遇。➤private平民◇lawsuits brought against private citizens針對平民的訴訟◇The king was visiting France as a private citizen.國王正以平民身分訪問法國。➤senior年長的公民◇discounts for senior citizens給老年公民的折扣優惠➤productive (especially NAmE) 有生產力的公民PHRASES➤sb's fellow citizens某人的同胞
BNC: 1924 COCA: 1084
citizen noun
⇨ citizen (an Australian citizen) ⇨ resident (law-abiding citizens) citizen

noun

citizen ♦︎ voter ♦︎ taxpayer ♦︎ native ♦︎ national ♦︎ subjectThese are all words for a person who belongs to a particular country and has legal rights there. 这些词均表示公民、国民。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a citizen / native / national of a country◆a British citizen / voter / taxpayer / national / subject◆a US / Australian, etc. citizen / voter / taxpayer / national◆an ordinary / average citizen / voter / taxpayer◆a foreign / fellow citizen / national■ citizen [countable] a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country 公民◆She's Italian by birth, but is now an Australian citizen.她生于意大利，但现在是澳大利亚公民。  see also citizen ⇨ resident ▸ citizenship

noun

 [uncountable] ◆You can apply for citizenship after five years' residency.居住满五年可申请公民身份。■ voter [countable] a person who votes or has the right to vote, especially in a political election （尤指政治选举中的）投票人，选举人，有选举权的人◆Only 60% of eligible voters actually used their vote.只有60%的合资格选民行使了选举权。■ taxpayer ˈtækspeɪə(r) [countable] a person who pays tax to the government, especially on the money that they earn 纳税人◆The changes make an average taxpayer £2.50 a week better off.这些改革使纳税人平均每周少交2.50英镑的税。◆Hundreds of thousands of pounds of taxpayers' money have been spent on the project.这个项目已经花上纳税人的几十万英镑。ⓘ The taxpayer is often used to refer to the ordinary people of a country as a group, when talking about government spending. 在谈论政府支出时，taxpayer常指一国的老百姓群体◆What is the cost to the taxpayer of hosting the Olympics?举办奥运会要花纳税人多少钱？◆Should politicians be able to travel first class at the taxpayer's expense?政客出行能花纳税人的钱坐头等舱吗？◆It was estimated to have cost the US taxpayer $35 billion.据估计，这花费了美国纳税人350亿美元。 ■ native [countable] a person who was born in a particular country or area 出生于某国（或某地）的人◆She was not a native of the island, but had lived there for many years.她不是在那个岛出生的，但在那儿生活了很多年。  see also native ⇨ resident noun , native ⇨ cultural adj. ■ national [countable] (rather formal) a person who belongs to a particular country （某国的）公民◆The government has advised British nationals to leave the area.政府建议英国公民离开该地区。ⓘ Nationals is used especially when talking about people of a particular nationality who are abroad, for example living and working in a foreign country. * national尤指在国外生活、工作的侨民。▸ nationality ˌnæʃəˈnæləti

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆She has dual nationality (= is a citizen of two countries).她有双重国籍。◆The college attracts students of all nationalities.这所大学吸引着各国的学生。■ subject [countable] (rather formal) a person who has the right to belong to a particular country, especially one with a king or queen （尤指君主制国家的）国民，臣民◆British subjects and Commonwealth citizens do not need visas.英国国民和英联邦公民不需要签证。◆The prince had to tax his subjects heavily to raise money for the war.国王不得不对他的臣民征重税来为战争筹款。
BNC: 1924 COCA: 1084

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