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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3931 COCA: 3471

harsh

Word family 
harsh /hɑːʃ $ hɑːrʃ/ ●●○ adjectiveadj  
1  conditions 环境STRICT harsh conditions are difficult to live in and very uncomfortable 恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的 SYN severe
 The hostages are being held in harsh conditions.
人质被拘押在恶劣环境中。
harsh winter/weather/climate
 the harsh Canadian winters
加拿大的严冬
 a young girl suddenly exposed to the harsh realities of life
骤然暴露于残酷现实生活中的小女孩
2  treatment/criticism 对待/批评STRICT severe, cruel, or unkind 严厉的；残酷的；苛刻的
harsh criticism/treatment/punishment etc
 His theory met with harsh criticism from colleagues.
他的理论遭到了同事们的严厉批评。
 the harsh measures taken against the protesters
针对抗议者采取的严厉措施
 ‘She’s an idiot!’ ‘Aren’t you being a bit harsh?’
“她是个白痴！”“你是不是有点太苛刻了？”
 a harsh authoritarian regime
残酷的独裁政权
 He had harsh words (=severe criticism) for the Government.
他严词批评政府
► see thesaurus at strict
3  sound 声音BRIGHT unpleasantly loud and rough 刺耳的；粗野的 OPP soft
harsh voice/laugh/tone etc
 His voice was harsh and menacing.
他的声音刺耳且令人恐惧。
4  light/colour 光线/颜色 unpleasantly bright 刺眼的；耀眼的 OPP soft
 She stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.
她站在外面，在耀眼的阳光下眨动着双眼。
► see thesaurus at bright
5  lines/shapes etc 线条/形状等UNPLEASANT ugly and unpleasant to look at 难看的，丑陋的
 the harsh outline of the factories against the sky
在天空映衬下丑陋的工厂轮廓线
6  cleaning substance 清洁用品SPOIL too strong and likely to damage the thing you are cleaning 刺激性强的；太强力的
 My skin is quite sensitive and I find some soaps too harsh.
我的皮肤很敏感，我觉得有些肥皂刺激性太强。
—harshly adverbadv
 ‘Shut up, ’ Boris said harshly.
“闭嘴。”鲍里斯厉声说道。
—harshness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
harsh• The stage lighting is harsh.• They suspended him? That seems pretty harsh.• Her reaction to the child's bad behaviour was unnecessarily harsh.• It revived concern over the harsh army round-ups in captured towns and villages.• Since the building of that dam his terrain had been harsh, brutal and bad.• the harsh Canadian winters• The movie has received harsh criticism from the press.• "You'll do what I tell you, " he said, his voice harsh in her ear.• The lighting in these offices is so harsh, it gives me a headache.• In the harsh light of the street lamps Michelle looked tired and old.• The refugees stumbled toward military buses, blinking at the harsh lights.• The government has brought in harsh measures to combat the rioting taking place in many cities.• Cheap loudspeakers often produce a harsh metallic tone.• a harsh military regime• Wondering this, I knew it would be harsh of me to blame him.• War toys make children less sensitive to the harsh realities of war.• Faces were stripped of pretence by the pitiless bombardment of harsh reality.• It may seem harsh to punish him, but he has to learn that this kind of behaviour is unacceptable.• Flight from reality, especially harsh, unpleasant reality.• These myths serve as justification for the harsh views toward this segment of the population and consequently their punitive treatment.• a harsh voice• The wind made a harsh wailing sound in the trees.
harsh realities• Being shackled to one epoch meant it had to change and adapt but try to reconcile this with harsh realities.• This attractive theory was too often proved untenable by the harsh realities.• One of the harsh realities about the electronic media is that it chews up its stars as fast as it creates them.• The cold, harsh realities of life are for other people to worry about.• Like a bucket of cold water the harsh realities of life drown your sunny optimism leaving you feeling despondent.• Acknowledging the sometimes harsh realities of our own history should not be cause for self-flagellation and blame.• the harsh realities of prison• They continue to perpetrate the discredited myth of economic invincibility rather than reflect the harsh realities of recession and reunification.• Unlike Soviet history-painting, however, the harsh realities of the bad old days were never alluded to.
harsh words• Because, of course, she couldn't argue with the sense that lay behind his harsh words.• These harsh words and also sticks and stones.• It may mean heated arguments, harsh words and hurt feelings, but once the air is cleared everyone will feel better.• She had only a few harsh words, mostly for Hollywood and its denizens.• I should put aside the harsh words that had been said, I should try to make the best of everything.• Nguyen followed my gesture and immediately rattled off some harsh words that sent the boys back to work.• Their brisk assimilation, and their steady success, caused some harsh words to be spoken.• He has harsh words to say about eclecticism.
harsh voice/laugh/tone etc• What if the fortune-teller was destroying her hope and joy with that strange, harsh voice.• An owner's anger at some feline misdeed usually involves harsh tones and fixed staring.• Concealed amongst the coats, Frankie listened to the grunts of the animals and the low harsh voices of the men.• As he did so, he heard Angel One's harsh voice shout something unintelligible.• In soft passages the effect can be quite beautiful, but with loud and harsh tones the dissonances can be very forceful.
Origin harsh
(1300-1400) Probably from a Scandinavian language
harsh adjectiveadj
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3931 COCA: 3471
harsh

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤appear, be, prove, seem, sound顯得嚴厲；嚴厲；證實苛刻；好像殘酷；聽起來無情◇It may seem harsh to criticize him after his death.在他死後還批評他似乎太無情了。➤become變得嚴厲ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極為／頗為／非常苛刻▸➤exceptionally, particularly格外嚴厲；特別嚴酷▸➤increasingly越來越嚴酷▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／略微有些嚴厲▸➤overly, unduly, unnecessarily過分苛刻；過分嚴厲◇He accused her of being unduly harsh.他指責她太過苛刻。➤surprisingly出奇地嚴苛
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3931 COCA: 3471
harsh adj.
⇨ harsh (a harsh winter) ⇨ hoarse (a harsh voice) ⇨ strict (harsh criticism) ⇨ strong 3 (harsh bright colours) harsh

adjective

harsh ♦︎ severe ♦︎ hard ♦︎ bleakThese words all describe weather conditions which are not pleasant or are difficult to live in. 这些词均表示天气恶劣的、严酷的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a harsh / severe / hard / bleak winter◆harsh / severe weather / conditions◆a harsh / severe climate◆a severe / hard frost■ harsh (of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in （天气或生活条件）恶劣的，艰苦的◆These plants will not grow in this harsh climate.这些植物不能在这样恶劣的气候条件下生长。◆He stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.他站在外面，在刺眼的阳光下直眨眼睛。◆Life expectancy is extremely low due to the harsh conditions.因条件恶劣预期寿命极短。OPP mild ⇨ sunny ■ severe (of weather) very unpleasant and/or dangerous （天气）极为恶劣的，危险的◆Severe weather conditions can lead to an increase in the demand for electricity.恶劣的天气状况可能导致用电需求增加。◆A severe storm blew the ship off course.强风暴致使船偏离了航道。■ hard [usually before noun](of weather) very cold and severe （天气）严寒的，凛冽的◆There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷有霜。■ bleak bliːk (of weather) very cold and unpleasant （天气）阴冷的◆She left on a bleak November day.她在11月份一个阴冷的日子离开了。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Harsh weather or conditions make living physically difficult; harsh is used especially when these conditions exist all the time in a place or last for a long time. Severe weather may last only a short time, but can cause immediate danger, not just difficulty over a longer period. Hard typically describes a winter (= harsh) or a frost (= making the ground very hard). Bleak describes a time, such as a day or a winter, that makes you feel depressed, whether or not life is physically difficult. * harsh修饰天气或状况时指生活条件艰苦，尤指某地终年或长期生活条件恶劣；severe修饰天气时，不仅指由于天气长期恶劣而不便，也指会在短时间内造成直接危害；hard常描述winter，指严冬，或描述frost，指霜冻。bleak与day或winter等表示一段时期的词搭配，指使人感到情绪低落，与生活条件艰苦与否无关。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3931 COCA: 3471
harsh
Not pleasant and enjoyable: unpleasant, bad, awful...
Words used to describe unpleasant weather: severe, harsh, threatening...
Words used to describe cold weather: cold, crisp, brisk...
Cruel and unkind: cruel, unkind, evil...
Unfair: unfair, unjust, unequal...
Describing sounds that are unpleasant to listen to: tuneless, monotonous, harsh...
Bright and shiny: bright, shiny, brilliant...
General words used to describe colours: ablaze, a riot of something, bleached...
True, definite and based on facts: true, certain, objective...
Words used to describe properties of substances: absorbent, astringent, harsh...

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