harsh adj. ⇨harsh (a harsh winter)⇨hoarse (a harsh voice)⇨strict (harsh criticism)⇨strong3 (harsh bright colours)harsh
adjective
harsh ♦︎ severe ♦︎ hard ♦︎ bleakThese words all describe weather conditions which are not pleasant or are difficult to live in.這些詞均表示天氣惡劣的、嚴酷的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a harsh / severe / hard / bleak winter◆harsh / severe weather / conditions◆a harsh / severe climate◆a severe / hard frost■harsh(of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in(天氣或生活條件)惡劣的,艱苦的◆These plants will not grow in this harsh climate.這些植物不能在這樣惡劣的氣候條件下生長。◆He stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.他站在外面,在刺眼的陽光下直眨眼睛。◆Life expectancy is extremely low due to the harsh conditions.因條件惡劣預期壽命極短。OPPmild ⇨ sunny■severe(of weather) very unpleasant and/or dangerous(天氣)極爲惡劣的,危險的◆Severe weather conditions can lead to an increase in the demand for electricity.惡劣的天氣狀況可能導致用電需求增加。◆A severe storm blew the ship off course.強風暴致使船偏離了航道。■hard [usually before noun](of weather) very cold and severe(天氣)嚴寒的,凜冽的◆There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷有霜。■bleak bliːk (of weather) very cold and unpleasant(天氣)陰冷的◆She left on a bleak November day.她在11月份一個陰冷的日子離開了。NOTE辨析 Which word?Harsh weather or conditions make living physically difficult; harsh is used especially when these conditions exist all the time in a place or last for a long time. Severe weather may last only a short time, but can cause immediate danger, not just difficulty over a longer period. Hard typically describes a winter(= harsh)or a frost(= making the ground very hard). Bleak describes a time, such as a day or a winter, that makes you feel depressed, whether or not life is physically difficult. * harsh修飾天氣或狀況時指生活條件艱苦,尤指某地終年或長期生活條件惡劣;severe修飾天氣時,不僅指由於天氣長期惡劣而不便,也指會在短時間内造成直接危害;hard常描述winter,指嚴冬,或描述frost,指霜凍。bleak與day或winter等表示一段時期的詞搭配,指使人感到情緒低落,與生活條件艱苦與否無關。
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