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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3931 COCA: 3471
harsh adj.
harsh (a harsh winter) hoarse (a harsh voice) strict (harsh criticism) strong3 (harsh bright colours)
harsh

adjective

harsh ♦︎ severe ♦︎ hard ♦︎ bleakThese words all describe weather conditions which are not pleasant or are difficult to live in. 這些詞均表示天氣惡劣的、嚴酷的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配a harsh / severe / hard / bleak winterharsh / severe weather / conditionsa harsh / severe climatea severe / hard frost harsh (of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in (天氣或生活條件)惡劣的,艱苦的These plants will not grow in this harsh climate.這些植物不能在這樣惡劣的氣候條件下生長。He stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.他站在外面,在刺眼的陽光下直眨眼睛。Life expectancy is extremely low due to the harsh conditions.因條件惡劣預期壽命極短。OPP mild sunny severe (of weather) very unpleasant and/or dangerous (天氣)極爲惡劣的,危險的Severe weather conditions can lead to an increase in the demand for electricity.惡劣的天氣狀況可能導致用電需求增加。A severe storm blew the ship off course.強風暴致使船偏離了航道。 hard [usually before noun](of weather) very cold and severe (天氣)嚴寒的,凜冽的There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷有霜。 bleak bliːk (of weather) very cold and unpleasant (天氣)陰冷的She left on a bleak November day.她在11月份一個陰冷的日子離開了。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Harsh weather or conditions make living physically difficult; harsh is used especially when these conditions exist all the time in a place or last for a long time. Severe weather may last only a short time, but can cause immediate danger, not just difficulty over a longer period. Hard typically describes a winter (= harsh) or a frost (= making the ground very hard). Bleak describes a time, such as a day or a winter, that makes you feel depressed, whether or not life is physically difficult. * harsh修飾天氣或狀況時指生活條件艱苦,尤指某地終年或長期生活條件惡劣;severe修飾天氣時,不僅指由於天氣長期惡劣而不便,也指會在短時間内造成直接危害;hard常描述winter,指嚴冬,或描述frost,指霜凍。bleak與day或winter等表示一段時期的詞搭配,指使人感到情緒低落,與生活條件艱苦與否無關。

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