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IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291

independence

Word family 
Related topics: Government, Sociology
in·de·pen·dence /ˌɪndəˈpendəns/ ●●● W2 noun [uncountableU]  
1  PGINDEPENDENT COUNTRY OR ORGANIZATIONpolitical freedom from control by the government of another country 独立〔指政治上不受另一国政府控制〕
independence from
 Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.
尼日利亚于1960年脱离英国获得独立。
2  PGthe time when a country becomes politically independent 独立〔指国家获得独立的那一刻〕
 The country has made great advances since independence.
该国自独立以来发展迅速。
3  SSINDEPENDENT PERSONthe freedom and ability to make your own decisions in life, without having to ask other people for permission, help, or money 〔个人生活的〕独立，自主
 ways of helping old people maintain their independence
帮助老年人保持独立的方法
 Having a job gives you financial independence.
有一份工作就能保证经济上的独立。
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
adjectives
full/complete independence 完全独立
The country gained complete independence from Britain in the 1960s.
这个国家于20世纪60年代摆脱英国统治，获得了完全的独立。
political/economic independence 政治的/经济的独立
Zambia achieved political independence without a prolonged conflict.
赞比亚未经长期冲突就获得了政治独立。
national independence 民族独立
The struggle for national independence lasted over 20 years.
这场为争取民族独立的斗争持续了二十多年。
local independence 地区独立
The new constitution aims to strengthen local independence.
这条新法规旨在加强地区的独立。
verbs
get independence 取得独立
The country eventually got its independence in 1960.
该国终于在1960年获得独立。
gain/achieve/win independence (=get independence) 取得/获得/赢得独立
Our aim was to achieve full independence.
我们的目标是取得完全的独立。
declare independence 宣布独立
Estonia declared independence on August 20th.
爱沙尼亚于8月20日宣布独立。
grant something independence (=allow a country to become independent) 准许…独立
It was General de Gaulle who granted Algeria independence.
是戴高乐将军准予阿尔及利亚独立。
nbring independence to something
The rebels fought to bring independence to East Africa.
move towards independence (=gradually achieve it over a period of time) 走向独立
nThe country was slowly moving towards independence.
independence + NOUN
Independence Day (=a day on which a country's independence is celebrated) 独立纪念日
nThe president was on television giving his Independence Day speech.
independence celebrations 独立日庆祝活动
nThe region is preparing for Monday's independence celebrations.
phrases
the struggle for independence 争取独立的斗争
The struggle for independence continued for three decades.
这场为争取独立而进行的斗争持续了30年。
Examples from the Corpus
independence• Shyness in this instance has proved a virtue and its resulting insularity and independence a blessing.• Many became voluntary controlled, with more carefully circumscribed independence and total support from public funds.• She worked hard to gain financial independence.• financial independence• the Vietnamese struggle for independence• The British granted independence to Ceylon in 1948.• Roz said she'd never marry because she valued her independence too much.• He was desperate to get a job and regain his independence.• Only the Kandyan Kingdom maintained its independence in the interior.• Money means mobility, money means independence and personal dignity.• Thus the national economic programme departs from the political; national independence does not include economic independence.• Gradually schools gained a certain amount of independence from the Church.• This vital dilemma is discussed later in chapter 11, along with the pros and cons of independence.• She no longer had that feeling of independence she had fought so hard to win.• Your first pay cheque gives you a terrific sense of independence.• I had this sense of independence.• the American war of independence• Inflation - rampant since independence - now went mad.• Since independence, the country has had high unemployment.• There is a move to increase the independence of the judiciary.• Though they want to exert their independence, these kids are not quite ready for it.• The apartments allow older people to keep their independence, while having medical care available.
independence from• Algeria won independence from France more than thirty years ago.
financial independence• The clergy had a financial independence which the laity lacked.• The Länder had considerable financial independence and their position in the Bundesrat further strengthened their powers.• Wealth Private funds; financial independence.• There were times of insecurity and wonder, but we kept moving toward our goal of financial independence.• Today it prospers and because of the financial independence that business brings, the Johnsons' dreams are coming true.• Charles and Laquetta Prince realized early in their marriage that free enterprise was the only sure route to financial independence.• He will work for your financial independence and will never take advantage or misuse your money for his own good.
in·de·pen·dence noun →COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: independent

IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291
independence

noun

ADJECTIVE | ... OF INDEPENDENCE | VERB + INDEPENDENCE | INDEPENDENCE + VERB | INDEPENDENCE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤➤great偉大的獨立➤fierce強烈的獨立◇She had a fierce independence of spirit.她具有強烈的精神獨立性。➤complete, full, total完整的／全面的／完全的獨立▸➤relative相對的獨立◇The council's relative independence of the government means it can negotiate its own agreements.市政會相對獨立於政府，意味着它可以自主談判簽訂協議。➤genuine, real, true真正的獨立➤new-found新獲得的獨立◇I didn't appreciate my new-found independence, but instead felt lonely.對於新獲得的獨立我沒覺得享受，反而感覺孤獨。➤➤growing越來越獨立➤local, national地方的／國家的獨立▸➤economic, editorial, financial, intellectual, journalistic, judicial, operational, personal, political, professional經濟上的獨立；編輯獨立；財政獨立；智力上獨立；新聞獨立；司法獨立；經營上的獨立；個人獨立；政治上的獨立自主；專業獨立◇the operational independence of the Bank of England英格蘭銀行的經營獨立性... OF INDEPENDENCE➤degree, measure一定程度的獨立VERB + INDEPENDENCE➤have擁有獨立◇Young people have more independence these days.當今的年輕人享有更多的獨立。➤lack缺乏獨立▸➤enjoy, value享受／珍視獨立◇I value my independence too much to get married.我太珍惜自己的獨立了，不願意結婚。➤display, show表現獨立◇She displayed independence in choosing a career different from that of her parents.她選擇了與父母不同的職業，顯示了她的獨立性。➤assert維護獨立◇Edward III tried to assert his independence of the regime at court.愛德華三世努力在宮廷維護自己的王權獨立。➤achieve, attain, gain, win獲得獨立；贏得獨立◇Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821.墨西哥於 1821 年脫離西班牙獲得獨立。➤bring (about)使獨立◇the need to bring independence to the country使國家獨立的需要◇a colonial crisis which brought about independence使殖民地獲得獨立的危機事件➤declare, proclaim宣佈／宣告獨立➤celebrate慶祝獨立◇a holiday celebrating the independence of Nigeria from colonial rule紀念尼日利亞擺脫殖民統治獲得獨立的節日➤ensure, maintain, preserve, retain確保獨立；維護獨立◇The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the country.軍隊的職責是確保國家的獨立。➤compromise削弱獨立性◇Conflicts of interest might compromise the auditor's independence.利益的衝突可能會削弱審計人員的獨立性。➤give up, lose放棄／喪失獨立◇She doesn't want to lose her hard-won independence.她不想失去自己來之不易的獨立。➤regain, restore重獲／恢復獨立▸➤encourage, foster, promote鼓勵／培養／提倡獨立自主◇Parents should encourage independence in their children.父母應該鼓勵孩子獨立自主。➤undermine破壞獨立◇Economic aid tends to undermine the national independence of Third-World countries.經濟援助往往會削弱第三世界國家的獨立性。➤seek謀求獨立▸➤call for, demand要求獨立▸➤vote for投票贊成獨立▸➤give sb/sth, grant sb/sth給予⋯獨立自主的權利；准予⋯獨立▸➤recognize承認獨立◇They have agreed to recognize the breakaway republic's independence.他們已經同意承認分離出去的共和國獨立。INDEPENDENCE + VERB➤come獨立到來◇Independence came to the British colonial territories in Africa in the late fifties and early sixties.在 50 年代末 60 年代初，非洲的英屬殖民地獲得了獨立。INDEPENDENCE + NOUN➤day獨立紀念日▸➤celebrations獨立慶典▸➤movement獨立運動▸➤struggle獨立鬥爭PREPOSITION➤at independence獨立之時◇Namibia became a full member of the UN at independence.納米比亞在獲取獨立之時成為聯合國的正式成員。➤independence from脫離⋯而獨立◇independence from Spain脫離西班牙而獨立➤independence of獨立於⋯；⋯的獨立◇the church's independence of the state教會獨立於政府◇independence of mind思想獨立PHRASES➤a call for independence對獨立的呼籲◇his party's call for Scottish independence他的黨派對蘇格蘭獨立的呼籲➤a declaration of independence獨立宣言➤a lack of independence, the loss of independence缺乏獨立；喪失獨立▸➤a sense of independence獨立感◇Doing work experience gave me a sense of independence.打工的經歷給了我獨立感。➤the struggle for independence爭取獨立的鬥爭➤the time of independence獨立之時◇The drama is set in India at the time of independence.該劇以獨立時期的印度為背景。➤a war for independence, a war of independence爭取獨立的戰爭；獨立戰爭◇the American War of Independence美國獨立戰爭
IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291
independence noun
⇨ independence (a country gains independence) ⇨ freedom (financial independence) independence

noun

independence ♦︎ autonomy ♦︎ sovereignty ♦︎ self-determination ♦︎ self-governmentThese are all words for the freedom a country or region has to govern itself without political control from other countries. 这些词均表示国家或地区的独立自主、自治、自决。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination / self-government for sb◆complete / full independence / autonomy / sovereignty◆national independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination◆local / regional autonomy / self-determination / self-government◆political independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination◆to achieve independence / autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination / self-government◆to have / enjoy / give sb / grant sb / recognize sth's independence / autonomy / sovereignty◆the principle / right of autonomy / sovereignty / self-determination / self-government■ independence [uncountable] a country's freedom from political control by other countries, especially after a period of outside control; the time when a country becomes politically independent （尤指脱离他国统治后的）独立；独立日◆Cuba gained independence from Spain in 1898.古巴于1898年脱离西班牙获得独立。◆There has been international recognition for the island's declaration of independence.该岛宣布独立，已获国际承认。◆Namibia became a full member of the UN at independence (= when it became independent).纳米比亚独立后成为联合国的正式成员。◆Malaysia celebrates its independence day on 31st August.马来西亚的独立纪念日是8月31日。  see also independence ⇨ freedom ▸ independent

adjective

◆Mozambique became independent in 1975.莫桑比克于1975年获得独立。■ autonomy ɔːˈtɒnəmi; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːnəmi [uncountable] (rather formal, written) freedom for a country or region to govern itself independently 自治；自治权◆There has been a campaign for greater autonomy for the region.发生了一场为该地区争取更大自治权的运动。  see also autonomy ⇨ freedom ▸ autonomous ɔːˈtɒnəməs; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːnəməs

adjective

◆an autonomous republic / state / province自治共和国／州／省NOTE 辨析 Independence or autonomy?In this meaning independence usually means the complete freedom for a whole country from outside political control, and a country either has independence or it has not. Autonomy is usually a degree of freedom that is less than complete independence. 表达此义时，independence通常指整个国家完全脱离外部政治控制的完全独立；independence只有有无之分，没有程度之别。autonomy通常指某种程度的自治，但不是完全的独立。■ sovereignty ˈsɒvrənti; NAmE ˈsɑːvrənti [uncountable] (written) the state of being a country with freedom to govern itself （国家的）独立自主◆The declaration proclaimed the full sovereignty of the republic.这份宣言宣告该共和国完全独立自主。◆She has strong views on preserving national sovereignty.她在保持国家的独立自主上持强硬观点。▸ sovereign

adjective

◆a sovereign state主权国家■ ˌself-deˌtermiˈnation [uncountable] (rather formal, written) the right of a country and its people to govern themselves and choose their own political system （国家及其人民的）自决权◆All nations have the right to self-determination.所有国家都享有自决权。■ ˌself-ˈgovernment [uncountable] the government or control of a country or organization by its own people or members, not by others （国家或机构的）自治◆There have been demands for a wider measure of regional self-government.要求享有更广泛的地方自治。
IELTS BNC: 2010 COCA: 2291
independence
Freedom and independence: autarky, freedom, independence...

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