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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2999 COCA: 2783

raw

Word family 
Related topics: Food, Material & textiles, Illness & disability, Training, Nature
raw1 /rɔː $ rɒː/ ●●● W3 adjectiveadj   → roar
1  food 食物DF not cooked 生的，未煮过的
 raw meat
生肉
 grated raw carrots
磨碎的生胡萝卜
 Cabbage can be eaten raw.
洋白菜可以生吃。
2  substances 物质TIM raw substances are in a natural state and not treated or prepared for use 未经加工的，自然状态的 → refined
 raw silk
生丝
 In its raw state, cocoa is very bitter.
未经加工的可可豆味道很苦。
 Raw sewage had been dumped in the river.
未经处理的污水被排到河里。
 The cost of our raw materials has risen significantly.
我们的原材料价格涨了很多。
3  information 信息TC raw information is collected but not organized, examined, or developed 原始的；未经整理的；未经分析的
 software to convert raw data into usable information
把原始数据转变成可用信息的软件
 His time here provided the raw material for his novel.
他在这里的经历为他的小说提供了素材。
 Warhol used everyday items as the raw ingredients of his art.
沃霍尔将日常物品用作艺术作品的素材。
4  emotions 情感STRONG FEELING OR BELIEFSTRONG PERSON raw feelings are strong and natural, but not fully controlled 〔情感〕粗犷的；朴实自然的
 raw passion
质朴的激情
 Linda didn’t want to see Roy while her emotions were still raw.
琳达不想在情绪尚未平复时见罗伊。
 It took raw courage to admit she was wrong.
她承认自己错了需要极大的勇气。
5  body 身体MI if a part of your body is raw, the skin there is red and painful 又红又痛的，刺痛的
 The skin on my feet was rubbed raw.
我脚上的皮肤被磨得又红又痛。
6  inexperienced 没有经验的SETPM not experienced or not fully trained 没有经验的；未经充分训练的
 Most of our soldiers are raw recruits.
我们的士兵大多数都是新兵。
7  touch/hit a raw nerve UPSETto upset someone by something you say 〔说话〕触及〔某人的〕痛处
 Seeing his face, Joanne realized she’d touched a raw nerve.
看到他的脸色，乔安娜意识到自己触到了他的痛处。
Examples from the Corpus
touch/hit a raw nerve• Our article touched a raw nerve.• The subject of hawkers had touched a raw nerve.
8  raw deal UNFAIRunfair treatment 不公正的对待
 Customers are getting a raw deal and are rightly angry.
顾客受到委屈，生气是理所当然的。
Examples from the Corpus
raw deal• He'd had a bit of a raw deal.• I just thought Blagg was getting a raw deal.• Still, aren't women getting a raw deal?• These kids think they got a raw deal.• Which shows that it is worth complaining instead of just accepting a raw deal.• We must recognise that they are getting a raw deal and are being victimised by the Government.• Rape on Screen Women tend to get a raw deal from the movies.• Comedy got a raw deal, though Stilgoe and Skellen had a neat song about Alan Titchmarsh.
9  weather 天气DN very cold 非常寒冷的
 She shivered in the raw morning air.
清晨的寒气冻得她发抖。
10  art 艺术 music, art, language etc that is raw is simple, direct, and powerful, but not fully developed 〔音乐、艺术、语言等〕质朴的，未经琢磨的
 Her voice has a raw poetic beauty.
她的嗓音有一种质朴、诗意的美。
 His early sketches are raw and unpretentious.
他早期的素描质朴而不做作。
11  raw talent someone with raw talent is naturally good at something, but has not developed their ability yet 〔未发展的〕天生的才能
 He has the raw talent to become a star.
他有当明星的潜质。
Examples from the Corpus
raw talent• As a result, agents are becoming even more cagey about developing raw talent.• But although graft is indispensable, it is no replacement for raw talent.• It's a raw talent but she knows how to use it and she's unafraid.• He has such a natural raw talent it would be a waste to keep him hanging on.• Now he has channelled that aggression and raw talent to produce a golden combination of motivation and power.• She was not a great trainer, but her raw talent was undeniable.
12  raw edge the edge of a piece of material before it has been sewn 毛边
Examples from the Corpus
raw edge• Neaten outer edge of bias strip or turn under raw edge.• Fans and reviewers enjoyed the raw edge and revelled in the energy and melody thrown out of the guitar crashing mayhem.• With raw edges level, tack bias strip around neck edge with ends on top of facing.• To make a plain seam, place two pieces of fabric together with right sides facing and with raw edges level.• Turn in the raw edges of both seam allowances towards each other and match the folded edges.• Trim the raw edges of the fabric with pinking shears.• Turn under the raw edge of the top seam allowance and tack in place over the trimmed edge.• In a week or so weather and growth would have sealed up again all the raw edges that betrayed its use.
—rawness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
raw• a raw account of poverty in the cities• His face was raw and blistered.• His beauty was of a different sort, raw and elegant.• Ghana still imports both raw and processed tobacco.• a salad made with nuts, raisins and raw carrots• Audiences admire his raw courage and daring.• Following her pointing finger, they went out into the raw desert, and dug in the sand.• Mayonnaise is traditionally made with raw eggs.• Sushi consists of raw fish and rice.• raw fish• raw, gusty winds• We were impressed by the singer's raw, husky voice.• They are the raw material of governor discussions.• Japan depends on the outside world for virtually all of its raw materials, including oil.• Knowledge, power and economic resources are the raw materials of social action, and they are all unequally available.• No longer is the customer at the end of the line, nor does the supplier only relate to raw materials.• Wash your hands and all cooking utensils and surfaces after preparing raw meat.• The story of the Unabomber crackles with the raw mystery and tension of a cops-and-robbers potboiler.• The Princess was wearing a dark green dress made of raw silk.• Left: The raw strength of Anjelica Huston.• Good coaches develop raw talent into seasoned players.• The dill sauce also works well as a dip with raw vegetables.• If you can't resist snacking between meals, eat something healthy such as fruit or raw vegetables.
raw materials• No longer is the customer at the end of the line, nor does the supplier only relate to raw materials.• Or dealing with suppliers that ignore requests for raw materials.• Similarly, he has the rights and obligations of a buyer as against the person from whom he purchases his raw materials.• Cans are made of valuable raw materials - aluminium, steel and tin which are rarely recycled.• Tom has finally pleased the invisible hand by taking raw materials and producing something worth more than what he started with.• The range of raw materials for the body would be extensive.• And today is your final chance to glimpse these raw materials of our landscape.• Knowledge, power and economic resources are the raw materials of social action, and they are all unequally available.
raw data• But Washington did not permit the export of software that would provide high-quality processing of the raw data.• It is no good saying that they will comprise raw data.• That is what will happen when we get what the hon. Gentleman describes as the raw data.• Purely descriptive studies serve as the raw data for those comparative studies that aspire to higher levels of explanation.• Scientists are analyzing raw data from the shuttle's telescope.• Data, raw data from which we have learned, seemingly, nothing.• Team one is responsible for the collection and analysis of raw data received from the volunteer force.• As he pores over all this raw data the field-worker discovers certain interesting patterns and principles in terms of which his information makes sense.• The raw data will be cleaned up to remove inconsistencies and ambiguities between the different surveys.
raw2 noun  
1  in the raw NATURAL
2  catch/touch somebody on the raw British EnglishBrEUPSET to say or do something that upsets someone 〔说话或做事〕触及某人的痛处
From Longman Business Dictionary
rawraw /rɔːrɒː/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
1MANUFACTURINGraw metals or other substances are in their natural state and have not been prepared or used to make anything
German companies produced 6.1% less raw iron in March.
the export of raw logs
2raw data/statistics etcSTATISTICS information that has not been arranged, checked, or prepared in any way
The system collects raw data about which products a customer has purchased.
Origin raw1
Old English hreaw
raw1 adjectiveadjraw2 noun
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2999 COCA: 2783
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2999 COCA: 2783
raw adj.
⇨ fresh (raw eggs/meat) ⇨ painful 1 (His skin was raw.)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2999 COCA: 2783
raw
Words used to describe the state or consistency of food: buttery, calorific, caramelised...
Natural, basic and essential: basic, fundamental, natural...
General words used to describe emotions: acutely, affective, basic...
General words for information, news and facts: information, data, datum...
Having little experience or a low level of education: inexperienced, uneducated, untrained...
Physically painful and describing pain: achy, acute, agonising...
Words used to describe unpleasant weather: severe, harsh, threatening...
Words used to describe cold weather: cold, crisp, brisk...
Words used to describe cloth: be shot through with something, breathable, brushed...
Describing offensive language: dirty, obscene, abusive...
Real and seeming real: real, true, genuine...
Not wearing clothes or a particular type of clothes: naked, bare, nude...

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