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BNC: 3031 COCA: 3110

punishment

Word family 
pun·ish·ment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ ●●● W3 noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]PUNISH something that is done in order to punish someone, or the act of punishing them 惩罚手段；处罚 → punitive
punishment for
 The punishment for treason is death.
叛国罪可叛处死刑。
as a punishment
 I was sent to bed as a punishment.
作为惩罚，我被打发上床睡觉。
2  [uncountableU] informalDAMAGE rough physical treatment 粗暴对待；糟蹋
 tough plants that can take any amount of punishment
不怕粗暴对待的坚韧植物
→ capital punishment
 COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
harsh/severe 严厉的
The court decided the original punishment was too severe.
法庭认为原先的判罚太过严厉。
light 轻的
The punishment seemed very light.
这一处罚好像很轻。
just/fitting (=appropriate and right) 公正的/合理的
Death would be a just punishment.
死刑是公正的惩罚。
physical punishment 体罚
Children respond more to affection than to physical punishment.
儿童对爱的反应比对体罚更积极。
corporal punishment (=when someone punishes a child by hitting them) 体罚
nCorporal punishment is banned in state schools.
capital punishment (=death as a punishment for a crime) 极刑，死刑
nThe are trying to abolish capital punishment except in cases of terrorism.
the maximum punishment 最高惩罚
nThe charge against him carries a maximum punishment of a year in jail.
verbs
give somebody a punishment 给某人惩罚
He deserved the punishment he was given.
他是罪有应得。
nThe teacher may impose reasonable punishments.
hand out punishments (=give people punishments) 给予惩罚
The courts are handing out harsher punishments to reckless drivers.
法庭对鲁莽驾车者的处罚更趋严厉。
nimpose/mete out a punishment formal (=give someone a punishment)
Life imprisonment should be the maximum punishment meted out by the state.
receive a punishment 受到处罚
He received the maximum punishment.
他受到了最高的处罚。
escape/avoid punishment 逃脱惩罚
The thieves managed to escape punishment.
这些窃贼设法逃过了惩罚。
carry a punishment (=used when saying what the punishment for something is) 应受处罚
The offence carries a punishment of up to 10 years in prison.
这一罪行最高可判十年徒刑。
inflict a punishment (on somebody) (=punish someone, especially physically) （对某人）施以惩罚〔尤指体罚〕
nThe abbot could inflict corporal punishment for gross disobedience.
phrases
the punishment should fit the crime (=it should be appropriate) 罚与罪相当
The public believe that the punishment should fit the crime.
公众认为量刑应与罪行相当。
 THESAURUS
punishment something that is done in order to punish someone, or the act of punishing them 惩罚
I don’t think they deserved such a severe punishment.
我认为他们不该受这么严厉的惩罚。
The usual punishment is life in prison.
通常是判处无期徒刑。
sentence a punishment given by a judge in a court 宣判，判决
He was given a long prison sentence.
他被判长期监禁。
They asked for the maximum sentence.
他们要求判处最高刑罚。
fine an amount of money that you must pay as a punishment 罚款
I got an £80 fine for speeding.
我因超速被罚款80英镑。
There are heavy fines for drink-driving.
酒后驾车要受重罚。
penalty a general word for a punishment given to someone who has broken a law, rule, or agreement 刑罚，惩罚〔统称〕
What’s the penalty if you get caught?
你被发现的话会受什么处罚？
He called for stiffer penalties for crimes involving guns.
他呼吁对涉枪犯罪施以更严厉的刑罚。
the death penalty (also capital punishment) the system in which people are killed as a punishment for crimes 死刑
If he is found guilty, he faces the death penalty.
他若被判有罪，将面临死刑。
A number of states have abolished capital punishment.
一些州已废除死刑。
community service unpaid work helping other people that someone does as punishment for a crime 社区服务
He was given a choice between doing 200 hours of community service, or a big fine.
他可以选择200小时的社区服务或交付一大笔罚款。
corporal punishment the punishment of children by hitting them 〔对儿童的〕体罚
I don’t agree with corporal punishment.
我不赞成体罚。
Corporal punishment was abolished in schools in 1987.
1987年体罚在学校里被废除。
Examples from the Corpus
punishment• Punishments for bad behavior can range from time-outs to withdrawing privileges, such as television• He would silence noise by poking his head down the first step and yelling threats of appalling punishment.• Now we are overtaken by guilt, and the pain of fear and helplessness is interpreted as punishment for nameless sins.• Our eagerness for capital punishment echoes the mentality of the old slave code.• Some people are demanding the return of capital punishment for murder.• Corporal punishment was banned in Sweden in 1979.• But the overall effect was to help the guilty escape punishment.• But some are gluttons for punishment.• With five children in the house, the furniture has to take a lot of punishment.• In the meantime, the House ethics committee will be meeting on punishment for Gingrich.• Retributive punishment restores the balance by cancelling out this advantage with a commensurate disadvantage.• In cases of sheep-stealing, the usual punishment was hanging.• When punishment of children is necessary, it can be based on reciprocity rather than expiation.
punishment for• Baylor was suspended for one game as punishment for violating team rules.• The maximum punishment for robbery is 40 years in prison.
take ... punishment• If knocked over, you stood upright again, at attention, and took the punishment until the staff tired of it.• Young, who has the mentality of a linebacker, has taken punishment as a passer and a runner.• Rather than protest anymore, he took his punishment silently and disappeared into his room.• Instead of taking his punishment like a man, Wilson tried to hide behind his Fourth Amendment rights.• She took the punishments meted out to her without a murmur.• I wish they'd just learn to take discipline or punishment.• In a world which promotes automatic goodness, he will not learn to take the punishments associated with behaving badly.• The skilled players also have to be big and strong to take the postseason punishment.
pun·ish·ment noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 3031 COCA: 3110
punishment

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + PUNISHMENT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤cruel, harsh, heavy, severe殘酷的懲罰；嚴厲的懲罰▸➤unusual異乎尋常的懲罰◇the constitutional prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment憲法對殘酷與異常懲罰手段的禁止➤appropriate, fitting適當的處罰▸➤capital死刑▸➤corporal, physical體罰▸➤collective集體懲罰VERB + PUNISHMENT➤administer, dish out (informal) , dole out (informal) , hand out, impose, inflict, mete out施加懲罰；給予懲罰◇It is unlawful for a teacher to inflict corporal punishment on students.教師對學生進行體罰是違法的。◇Harsh punishment is expected to be meted out to the murderer.人們期望對兇手予以嚴懲。➤face, receive, suffer面對／受到／遭受懲罰▸➤accept, take接受懲罰◇Take your punishment like a man.像男子漢那樣接受對你的懲罰。➤avoid, escape逃避懲罰▸➤deserve應受懲罰PREPOSITION➤as punishment (for)作為（對⋯的）懲罰◇He had his privileges withdrawn as punishment for fighting with another prisoner.作為對與另一名犯人打架的懲罰，他被取消了特別待遇。➤punishment for因⋯的處罰◇Punishments for killing the king's deer were severe.殺害國王的鹿將受到嚴厲懲罰。PHRASES➤crime and punishment犯罪與刑法◇the sociology of crime and punishment犯罪與刑法社會學➤the punishment fits the crime與罪行相稱的懲罰◇The victim's family do not believe that this punishment fits the crime.受害者的家人認為這一懲罰與他所犯的罪行不相稱。➤reward and punishment獎勵與處罰◇They use a system of reward and punishment to discipline their children.他們用一套獎懲制度來管教孩子。
BNC: 3031 COCA: 3110
punishment

noun

punishment ♦︎ sentence ♦︎ penalty ♦︎ retribution ♦︎ reckoningThese are all words for a way of making sb suffer because they have done sth wrong or illegal. 这些词均表示惩罚、刑罚。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆punishment / a sentence / a penalty / retribution for sth◆a / an heavy / harsh / severe / appropriate punishment / sentence / penalty◆a light punishment / sentence◆to impose a punishment / sentence / penalty◆to suffer a punishment / penalty■ punishment [uncountable, countable] an act or way of making sb suffer because they have done sth wrong or illegal 惩罚；处罚；刑罚◆The punishment should fit the crime.罚须当罪。◆He was sent to his room as a punishment.他被罚回到自己的房间。◆There is little evidence that harsher punishments deter people.甚少证据显示严惩能遏止犯罪。OPP reward ⇨ award ■ sentence [countable, uncountable] the punishment given by a court 判决；裁定；判刑◆a jail / prison sentence判处监禁◆She was given a life sentence (= sent to prison for life).她被判处无期徒刑。◆a death sentence死刑◆to be under sentence of death被判处死刑◆The judge passed sentence (= said what the punishment would be).法官宣布了判决。◆The prisoner has served (= completed) his sentence and will be released tomorrow.犯人服刑期满，明天将获释。■ penalty ˈpenəlti [countable] (rather formal) an official punishment given to sb because they have broken a law, rule or contract 惩罚；处罚；刑罚◆Assault carries a maximum penalty of seven years' imprisonment.侵犯人身罪可判处最高七年的监禁。◆Contractors who fall behind schedule incur heavy financial penalties.承包商如延误工期将招致巨额罚款。◆You can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty.您可以随时从账户中提款，不收罚金。OPP reward ⇨ award ■ retribution ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn [uncountable] (formal) severe punishment for sth seriously wrong that sb has done 严惩；惩罚；报应◆He saw his suffering as retribution for the sins of his past life.他把自己受的苦看作是报应，是因过去罪孽深重而受到惩罚。◆The public demanded swift justice and retribution.公众要求立即审判并处以严惩。ⓘ Retribution includes the idea that punishment should mean that sb suffers in return for the suffering they have caused. People talk about retribution as part of a formal or legal system, or as carried out by groups or individuals, or (in the phrase divine retribution) by God. * retribution含有“报应”之义。retribution可以是正式或法律体系的一部分，也可以是由团体或个人实施的惩罚，还可以是divine retribution（天谴）。  ➡ See also the entry for revenge 另见revenge条■ reckoning [countable, usually singular, uncountable] (written) a time when sb's actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished 最后审判日；算总账◆In the final reckoning truth is rewarded.在最后算总账的时候，诚实的人会有好报。◆Officials concerned with environmental policy predict that a day of reckoning will come.关心环境政策的官员们预言总有一天人们会得到报应。
BNC: 3031 COCA: 3110
punishment
General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
Describing ways of treating people: abusive, brotherly, conveyor belt...

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