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TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637

refinement

Word family 
re·fine·ment /rɪˈfaɪnmənt/ AWL noun  
1  [countableC]ADD an improvement, usually a small one, to something 〔细微的〕改进，改善
 The new model has a number of refinements.
新型号有一些细微的改进。
2  [countableC] something which is an improved version of an existing product, system etc 改良品，经过改进的东西
refinement of
 The new theory is a refinement of Corbin’s theory of personality development.
这个新理论是对科尔宾人格发展理论的改良。
3  [uncountableU]IMPROVE the process of improving something 改良，改进
 Some further refinement is needed.
需要进一步的改进。
4  [uncountableU] the process of making a substance more pure 精炼；提纯；提炼
 sugar refinement
糖的提纯
refinement of
 the refinement of cocaine
可卡因的提纯
5  [uncountableU]POLITE the quality of being polite and well-educated, in a way that is typical of someone from a high social class 优雅；有礼貌；有教养
 a woman of great refinement
非常文雅的女士
Examples from the Corpus
refinement• Essentially this feedforward network uses a refinement of the Widrow-Hoff technique, which calculates the difference between actual outputs and desired outputs.• Second time around they added refinements.• a wine of great delicacy and refinement• On April 15 the federal parliament approved refinements to the presidential election process.• Of respectable working-class background with some pretentions to gentility, without formal education, she nevertheless possessed an instinctive refinement of manner.• Having made such strides with the engine and suspension, we added further touches of refinement inside and out.• Several rule refinements come into force this season.• His manners showed refinement and good breeding.• Each of these steps can be further broken down, a process also referred to as stepwise refinement.• Some highly general tendencies, which will necessarily be subject to subsequent refinement and caution, can serve to represent the scene.
refinement of• The contract calls for refinement and completion of the aircraft.
re·fine·ment noun
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637
refinement

noun¹

 1improvement to/on sth; process of improving sth完善ADJECTIVE | ... OF REFINEMENT | VERB + REFINEMENT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤considerable, great相當大的改進；極大的改善◇A greater refinement of the categorization is possible.進行更加精細的分類是可能的。➤extra, further另外的改進；進一步的改善▸➤constant, continuous, progressive不斷的改進；逐步的改善◇the progressive refinement of their accounting technique他們的會計技術的逐步改進➤useful有益的改進◇It is possible to add a few useful refinements to the basic system.對基本系統進行一些有益的改良是可能的。➤technical技術改良▸➤modern現代化的改進... OF REFINEMENT➤degree, level一定程度的／一定水平的改善VERB + REFINEMENT➤need, require需要改善；要求改進◇The technology requires a great deal of refinement.還需要對技術進行很大改進。➤add, introduce附加改進裝置；引入改良裝置PREPOSITION➤refinement in在⋯方面的改進◇a refinement in the masonry石工技藝的改進➤refinement on在⋯上的改良◇a refinement on previous methods對先前方法的改良➤refinement to對⋯的改進◇to add a further refinement to the computer system對計算機系統作進一步改進
refinement

noun²

 2being polite/well educated; clever in design有禮貌；有教養；設計精巧ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFINEMENT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤great非常文雅◇a woman of great refinement and beauty溫文爾雅又很漂亮的女子VERB + REFINEMENT➤lack缺乏巧思◇The kite was star-shaped and lacked the refinement of current designs.這隻風箏是星形的，缺乏時尚的精妙設計。PREPOSITION➤refinement in在⋯方面的精細◇a lack of refinement in engine design發動機的設計不夠精細PHRASES➤a lack of refinement不夠精細
TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637
TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637
refinement
Changes: effect, change, trend...
The process of changing or making changes: transition, conversion, transformation...
Polite behaviour: courtesy, tact, chivalry...
Attitudes to art and culture: artistic, artsy, arty...
Chemical reactions and processes: action, adsorb, aerate...

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