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TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637

refinement

Word family
re·fine·ment /rɪˈfaɪnmənt/ AWL noun  
1 [countableC]ADD an improvement, usually a small one, to something 〔细微的〕改进,改善
 The new model has a number of refinements.
新型号有一些细微的改进。
2 [countableC] something which is an improved version of an existing product, system etc 改良品,经过改进的东西
refinement of
 The new theory is a refinement of Corbin’s theory of personality development.
这个新理论是对科尔宾人格发展理论的改良。
3 [uncountableU]IMPROVE the process of improving something 改良,改进
 Some further refinement is needed.
需要进一步的改进。
4 [uncountableU] the process of making a substance more pure 精炼;提纯;提炼
 sugar refinement
糖的提纯
refinement of
 the refinement of cocaine
可卡因的提纯
5 [uncountableU]POLITE the quality of being polite and well-educated, in a way that is typical of someone from a high social class 优雅;有礼貌;有教养
 a woman of great refinement
非常文雅的女士
Examples from the Corpus
re·fine·ment noun
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637
refinement

noun¹

1improvement to/on sth; process of improving sth完善ADJECTIVE | ... OF REFINEMENT | VERB + REFINEMENT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVEconsiderable, great相當大的改進;極大的改善A greater refinement of the categorization is possible.進行更加精細的分類是可能的。extra, further另外的改進;進一步的改善constant, continuous, progressive不斷的改進;逐步的改善the progressive refinement of their accounting technique他們的會計技術的逐步改進useful有益的改進It is possible to add a few useful refinements to the basic system.對基本系統進行一些有益的改良是可能的。technical技術改良modern現代化的改進... OF REFINEMENTdegree, level一定程度的/一定水平的改善VERB + REFINEMENTneed, require需要改善;要求改進The technology requires a great deal of refinement.還需要對技術進行很大改進。add, introduce附加改進裝置;引入改良裝置PREPOSITIONrefinement in在⋯方面的改進a refinement in the masonry石工技藝的改進refinement on在⋯上的改良a refinement on previous methods對先前方法的改良refinement to對⋯的改進to add a further refinement to the computer system對計算機系統作進一步改進
refinement

noun²

2being polite/well educated; clever in design有禮貌;有教養;設計精巧ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFINEMENT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVEgreat非常文雅a woman of great refinement and beauty溫文爾雅又很漂亮的女子VERB + REFINEMENTlack缺乏巧思The kite was star-shaped and lacked the refinement of current designs.這隻風箏是星形的,缺乏時尚的精妙設計。PREPOSITIONrefinement in在⋯方面的精細a lack of refinement in engine design發動機的設計不夠精細PHRASESa lack of refinement不夠精細
TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637
TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637
refinement
Changes: effect, change, trend...
The process of changing or making changes: transition, conversion, transformation...
Polite behaviour: courtesy, tact, chivalry...
Attitudes to art and culture: artistic, artsy, arty...
Chemical reactions and processes: action, adsorb, aerate...

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