refinement

Word family

re·fine·ment /rɪˈfaɪnmənt/ AWL noun

1 [countableC]ADD an improvement, usually a small one, to something 〔细微的〕改进，改善

The new model has a number of refinements.

新型号有一些细微的改进。

2 [countableC] something which is an improved version of an existing product, system etc 改良品，经过改进的东西

refinement of

The new theory is a refinement of Corbin’s theory of personality development.

这个新理论是对科尔宾人格发展理论的改良。

3 [uncountableU]IMPROVE the process of improving something 改良，改进

Some further refinement is needed.

需要进一步的改进。

4 [uncountableU] the process of making a substance more pure 精炼；提纯；提炼

sugar refinement

糖的提纯

refinement of

the refinement of cocaine

可卡因的提纯

5 [uncountableU]POLITE the quality of being polite and well-educated, in a way that is typical of someone from a high social class 优雅；有礼貌；有教养

a woman of great refinement

非常文雅的女士

Examples from the Corpus

refinement• Essentially this feedforward network uses a refinement of the Widrow-Hoff technique, which calculates the difference between actual outputs and desired outputs.• Second time around they added refinements.• a wine of great delicacy and refinement• On April 15 the federal parliament approved refinements to the presidential election process.• Of respectable working-class background with some pretentions to gentility, without formal education, she nevertheless possessed an instinctive refinement of manner.• Having made such strides with the engine and suspension, we added further touches of refinement inside and out.• Several rule refinements come into force this season.• His manners showed refinement and good breeding.• Each of these steps can be further broken down, a process also referred to as stepwise refinement.• Some highly general tendencies, which will necessarily be subject to subsequent refinement and caution, can serve to represent the scene.

refinement of• The contract calls for refinement and completion of the aircraft.

Chinese

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