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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 709 COCA: 715

natural

Word family 
Related topics: Birth, Music
nat·u·ral1 /ˈnætʃərəl/ ●●● S2 W1 adjectiveadj  
1  nature 自然NATURAL existing in nature and not caused, made, or controlled by people 自然的，天然的 → artificial, man-made
 the study of the natural world (=trees, rivers, animals, plants etc)
对自然界的研究
 an area of spectacular natural beauty
自然风景秀丽的地区
 natural disasters (=things such as floods or earthquakes)
自然灾害
 death from natural causes
自然死亡
 the need for natural light in offices
办公室里需要自然光的照射
2  normal 正常的NORMAL normal and as you would expect 正常的；自然的；预料中的 OPP unnatural, abnormal
 At the time, accepting his offer had seemed the most natural thing in the world.
当时，接受他的提议似乎是再自然不过的事了。
it is natural (for somebody) to do something
 It’s not natural for a child of his age to be so quiet.
像他这个年纪的孩子如此安静不正常。
 It’s only natural that he should be interested in what happens.
他关注所发生的事情是很正常的。
 It was a perfectly natural (=not surprising) mistake to make.
犯这样的错误完全不足为奇。
3  behaviour 行为 a natural tendency or type of behaviour is part of your character when you are born, rather than one that you learn later 天生的；与生俱来的；本能的
 Babies have a natural fear of falling.
婴儿本能地害怕跌倒。
4  ability 能力 having a particular quality or skill without needing to be taught and without needing to try hard 天赋的；天生具有某种素质[技能]的
 a natural musician
天生的音乐家
 Cheryl has a natural elegance about her.
谢里尔身上有一种与生俱来的优雅。
 his natural ability with figures
他在数字方面的天赋
5  relaxed 放松的NORMAL behaving in a way that is normal and shows you are relaxed and not trying to pretend 自然的，不做作的
 Be cool, be natural.
保持冷静，自然一点。
6  parent/child 父母/孩子MBFAMILY [only before noun]
a) someone’s natural parent or child is their real parent or child, who is biologically related to them 亲生的
 An adopted young person has the right to trace his natural parents.
被收养的年轻人有权寻找自己的亲生父母。
b) old-fashioned if someone is the natural child of someone, their parents were not married to each other 非婚生的，私生的
 He was rumoured to be the natural son of a duke.
谣传他是某位公爵的私生子。
7  real 真实的REAL/NOT IMAGINARY not connected with gods, magic, or spirits 与神仙鬼怪无关的，自然科学的 OPP supernatural
 I’m sure there’s a perfectly natural explanation.
我相信一定有一种纯自然的解释。
8. natural justice/law justice that is based on human reason alone 自然公正/法
Examples from the Corpus
natural justice/law• At present rules of a legislative nature are not generally subject to natural justice. 2.• It may have failed in the course of the inquiry to comply with the requirements of natural justice.• The injunction is important in public law in the context of the rules of natural justice.• They have always presented a problem for the application of natural justice.• But Aristotle did not conceive of natural laws based on mathematical principles.• If he perceives that there is a likelihood of bias, the rules of natural justice have been broken. 2.• Lord Denning restricted the full application of the rules of natural justice on the ground of national security.• Some commentators take a different view, seeing a broader significance in the shift from natural justice to fairness.
9  food 食物DFNNATURAL with nothing added to change the taste 天然的，未添加其他成分的
 natural yoghurt
原味酸奶
10. music 音乐APM technical a musical note that is natural has been raised from a flat by one semitone or lowered from a sharp by one semitone 〔音符〕本位音的，标明本位号的 → sharp, flat
—naturalness noun [uncountableU]
 Manufacturers now choose to emphasize the naturalness of the ingredients used in their products.
生产商现在决定要注重其产品原料的天然性。
n THESAURUS
natural existing in nature and not caused, made, or controlled by people
a natural lake
natural light
the Earth's natural resources
We only use natural ingredients in our products.
his natural hair colour
wild used about flowers, plants, and animals that are not controlled by people. Also used about areas of land where there are no humans
We found some wild strawberries.
wild horses
wild open spaces
pure used about food, drink, or materials that have not had anything added to them
pure orange juice
pure new wool
organic used about fruit, vegetables, meat etc produced without using chemicals
organic carrots
organic milk
organic beauty products
unspoiled (also unspoilt British EnglishBrE) a place that is unspoiled is still beautiful because no one has built roads or buildings on it
It was a pleasant unspoilt village.
The countryside is remarkably unspoiled.
untouched [not before noun] a place that is untouched has not been affected by human activity
There are few forested areas of the world that remain untouched by humans.
virgin [only before noun] virgin forest or land is still in its natural state and has not been spoiled or changed in any way by humans
Large areas of virgin rainforest will be protected from destruction.
He bought 14,000 acres of virgin land in Ontario.
COLLOCATIONS CHECK
wild flowers/plants/places
organic food/vegetables/products
unspoiled countryside/island/beauty
virgin forest/land
Examples from the Corpus
natural• Of course Jean misses her boyfriend - it's only natural.• all-natural snacks• She was completely natural and unaffected by the attention.• They contain a natural antiseptic which fights spot-causing bacteria and dries up the blemishes.• a natural athlete• Laws are needed to preserve the state's natural beauty.• The river had worn away the rock to form a natural bridge.• Offthe Wall was a masterpiece, and it was a natural crossover.• It was fascinating to see the elephants in their natural environment.• Death is a natural event, which you have to accept.• I prefer natural fibres such as wool and cotton.• It isn't natural for a child to be so quiet.• I suppose it's natural for a mother to feel sad when her children leave home.• Earlier we saw how spiral images may have derived from snails and other natural forms, from sea shells to galaxies.• A pipeline carries natural gas from under the sea to the refinery inland.• His natural hair color is brown.• I can't even remember what my natural hair color is.• But now, Down Under, the game has found a fitting, natural home.• The manufacturers claim that only natural ingredients are used in their products.• The same must be true of the residence and domicile of natural persons owning fishing vessels.• I think we are dealing with a natural phenomenon here, not witchcraft.• Anger is a natural reaction when you lose someone you love.• Being a water-based mousse, it's ultra light to apply and blends in perfectly with your natural skin tone.• a natural smile• It's only natural that people who spend a lot of time around computers either love them or hate them.• It's perfectly natural to grieve for the loss of a pet.• The days when politicians such as Roosevelt or Truman could appeal to a natural working-class constituency are gone.• Man has dominion over the natural world.
the natural world• However we have seen that quantum theory places considerable restraint on a plain man's objectivist view of the natural world.• Like the theories of the ancient philosophers, that story is based on observations of the natural world.• To encourage respect for the natural world and an understanding of its interrelationships. 6.• Coleridge insisted, to both the natural world and the human spirit.• Animism, the belief that the natural world is inhabited by spirits, is the driving force in Tuvan music.• There is no doubt that this early form of man had a greater impact on the natural world than any other animal.
the most natural thing in the world• He'd no patience with women putting on airs and moaning about the most natural thing in the world.• It had seemed the most natural thing in the world.• Keeping an eye on another niece was for Margaret the most natural thing in the world.• You are learning to do the most natural thing in the world.
Related topics: Music
natural2 noun [countableC]  
1  be a natural GOOD ATto be good at doing something without having to try hard or practise 是有天赋的人；是天才
 People think I am a natural, but I’ve had to work at it.
人们认为我有天赋，但我也是得靠努力的。
Examples from the Corpus
be a natural• Schwartzkopf's a natural on TV.• The Mormon Lake area is a natural for winter sports.• There wasn't a murmur of disapproval from the drug testers - all the ingredients were natural and contained no chemical stimulants.• Also, because it is a natural product, its textures may vary from one batch to the next.• Now it is natural to wonder if I had any freedom whatever.• It was natural to dance together.• Everyone said-and I listened-that law was a natural for me.• It was beauty that was natural and artificial at once, and the blend created this flower child of the Follies.• I'd like it to be natural, spontaneous, not something that requires a special outfit.
→4  See picture of 见图 natural
2  technical
Examples from the Corpus
natural• Gore is hardly a political natural.
From Longman Business Dictionary
naturalnat·u·ral /ˈnætʃərəl/ adjectiveadj
1not caused, made, or controlled by human beings
A series of natural disasters created huge losses for the insurance market.
All our hair-care products are made from natural ingredients.
2happening as a normal part of a process or situation
There is a natural career progression through the police force.
The company termed the organizational changes a ‘natural evolution’ of its global business.
Origin natural1
(1200-1300) Old French Latin naturalis, from natura; → NATURE
nat·u·ral1 adjectiveadj →n THESAURUS1natural2 noun
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 709 COCA: 715
natural

adjective¹

 1not made by people非人工VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be是天然的◇All the materials are natural.所有這些材料都是天然的。ADVERB➤completely, totally完全天然◇completely natural materials純天然的材料➤really真正自然◇Your highlights look really natural.你挑染的頭髮看上去真的很自然。
natural

adjective²

 2usual/normal普通；正常VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound似乎／就是／感覺／看上去／好像／聽起來自然▸➤become變得自然ADVERB➤only, perfectly, quite很自然；十分自然◇It's only natural that she should feel upset.她感到難過是再正常不過的。➤very非常自然▸➤fairly還算自然
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 709 COCA: 715
natural adj.
⇨ natural (natural instincts) ⇨ obvious (a natural desire for affection) natural

adjective

natural ♦︎ genetic ♦︎ intuitive ♦︎ instinctive ♦︎ innate ♦︎ congenital ♦︎ hereditaryThese words all describe a characteristic, ability or disease that a person or animal has naturally or is born with. 这些词均表示天生的、本能的、与生俱来的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a natural / a genetic / an innate characteristic◆natural / intuitive / instinctive / innate ability◆natural / intuitive / instinctive / innate understanding◆natural / intuitive / innate sense (of sth)◆natural / intuitive / innate intelligence◆natural / instinctive / innate knowledge◆natural / instinctive / innate desires / needs◆natural / innate instinct◆a natural / an intuitive / an instinctive / an innate response◆a natural / an intuitive / an instinctive reaction◆a genetic / congenital / hereditary disease / condition / disorder◆purely natural / intuitive / instinctive■ natural (of behaviour, qualities or feelings) part of the character that a person or animal was born with （行为、品质或情感）天生的，本能的，与生俱来的◆Hunting is one of a cat's natural instincts.捕猎是猫天生的本能之一。◆His natural gifts as a preacher meant he was in great demand.他具有传道者的天赋，很多人需要他。◆It's only natural to worry about your children.为子女操心是很自然的。ⓘ Natural can also be used before a noun to describe a person who was born with a particular type of character or ability. * natural亦可用于名词前，形容人天生具有某种性格或能力◆He's a natural rebel / leader.他天生是个叛逆者／领袖。 ▸ naturally

adverb

◆She was naturally gifted when it came to music.她有音乐天赋。■ genetic dʒəˈnetɪk caused by genes 由基因引起的；遗传的ⓘ Genes are the units of cells of a living thing that control its physical characteristics, and that are passed on from parents to children. * gene指基因◆A person's intelligence is based on both genetic and environmental factors.决定人的智力既有遗传因素也有环境因素。◆There are about 4 000 inherited human genetic diseases.人类遗传性疾病约有4 000种。▸ genetically

adverb

◆genetically determined characteristics由基因决定的特征■ intuitive ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv; NAmE ɪnˈtuːɪtɪv(of ideas) obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts; (of people) able to understand sth by using feelings rather than by considering the facts （思想）凭直觉得到的，直觉的；（人）有直觉的◆Our approach to the subject can be strictly rational or wholly intuitive.我们处理这个问题的方法既可以是全然理性的，也可以是全凭直觉的。◆I don't think that women are necessarily more intuitive than men.我认为女人未必比男人更有直觉。  see also intuition ⇨ instinct , intuition ⇨ idea 2 ▸ intuitively

adverb

◆Intuitively, she knew that he was lying.她凭直觉知道他在说谎。■ instinctive ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv based on a natural tendency to behave in a particular way, rather than on thought or training 本能的；直觉的；天生的◆A bird's knowledge of its migratory route is partly learnt and partly instinctive.鸟类对迁徙路线的认识一部分是学来的，一部分是源自本能。◆My instinctive reaction was to deny everything.我的本能反应是否认一切。  see also instinct ⇨ instinct , instinct ⇨ idea 2 ▸ instinctively

adverb

◆I knew instinctively that something was wrong.我凭直觉知道出事了。■ innate ɪˈneɪt (rather formal) (of behaviour, qualities or feelings) part of the character that a person or animal was born with （行为、品质或情感）天生的，本能的，与生俱来的◆Many children seem to have an innate sense of justice.许多儿童似乎天生便具有正义感。▸ innately

adverb

◆Some philosophers viewed human nature as innately good.有些哲学家认为人性本善。NOTE 辨析 Natural or innate?There is little difference in meaning or use betwen these words. Natural is more frequent and less formal. You might use innate in cases where there might be confusion with a different meaning of natural: for example an innate response is response that sb/sth makes because it is in their character; a natural response is more likely to be a response that sb else expects or understands. 这两个词在含义和用法上差别很小。natural较innate常用和非正式。在有可能与natural的其他含义相混淆的情况下可用innate，比如，an innate response指出于本能的反应；a natural response更有可能指他人看来合乎情理的反应◆Anxiety at a perceived threat is an innate response in any animal.察觉到威胁时感到焦虑是任何动物的本能反应。◆It's a natural response to keep your troubles quiet.对自己的苦恼守口如瓶是很自然的反应。   see also natural ⇨ obvious ■ congenital kənˈdʒenɪtl (of a disease or medical condition) existing since birth; existing as a basic part of sb's character that will never change （疾病或病理状况）先天的，天生的；生性的；生就的◆Congenital abnormalities can occur in babies whose mothers drink heavily.母亲酗酒可能会导致婴儿先天畸形。◆He's a congenital liar!他生性好说谎！■ hereditary həˈredɪtri; NAmE həˈredɪteri(especially of diseases) existing from birth as a result of being passed on by one or both parents （尤指疾病）遗传的，遗传性的◆It's a hereditary disorder that can cause abnormal growth.这是一种可能会导致发育异常的遗传病。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 709 COCA: 715
natural
The natural world: nature, the environment, ecology...
Natural, basic and essential: basic, fundamental, natural...
Fair and reasonable: fair, reasonable, natural...
Ordinary and normal: BAU, identikit, normal...
Words used to describe someone's personality: adaptive, addictive, a leopard can't change its spots...
Making you feel comfortable: comfortable, warm, intimate...
Words used to describe honest and sincere people and behaviour: honest, sincere, fine...
Parents: birth father, birth mother, birth parent...
Properties of substances: consistency, delicacy, state...
Someone who is good at doing something: best, master, queen...
Notes in the musical scale: A, b, bass...
Instructions and annotations in music: adagio, allegro, andante...

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