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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659

strain

Word family 
Related topics: Physics, Illness & disability, Biology
strain1 /streɪn/ ●●○ W3 noun  
1  worry 焦虑 [countableC, uncountableU]WORRIED worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time 焦虑；紧张 → stress
 I couldn’t look after him anymore; the strain was too much for me.
我不能再照看他了，压力太大。
 Did you find the job a strain?
你觉得这份工作紧张吗？
 the stresses and strains of police life
警察生活的紧张和压力
strain for
 The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us.
法庭审判令我们两人都非常焦虑。
strain on
 It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily.
他喝很多酒时，我就十分担心。
put/place a strain on somebody
 The long working hours put a severe strain on employees.
长时间工作使雇员严重焦虑。
under (a) strain
 I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately.
我知道你最近压力很大。
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to deal with a problem or work) 因压力大而崩溃
 I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain.
我能看出她开始承受不了压力了。
2  difficulty 困难 [countableC, uncountableU]PROBLEM a difficulty or problem that is caused when a person, relationship, organization, or system has too much to do or too many problems to deal with 问题，困难；负担；紧张
strain on
 The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources.
干旱的夏季加剧了水资源紧张的情况。
put/place (a) strain on something
 The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service.
流感爆发给卫生部门带来巨大的压力。
strain in
 The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries.
袭击事件导致两国关系紧张。
under (a) strain
 His marriage was under strain.
他的婚姻关系很紧张。
break/crack/collapse etc under the strain 因压力大而崩溃
 The party split under the strain.
在重压之下，这个政党分裂了。
3  force 力,力量 [uncountableU]HPPUSHPULL a situation in which something is being pulled or pushed, or is holding weight, and so might break or become damaged 拉力；张力；推力
strain on
 The strain on the cables supporting the bridge is enormous.
这些支撑桥梁的钢缆所承受的拉力很大。
put/place (a) strain on something
 Some of these exercises put too much strain on the back muscles.
这些健身动作中有些令背部肌肉负担过重。
 These four posts take the strain of the whole structure.
这四根柱子承受着整个结构的压力。
break/snap/collapse etc under the strain
 The rope snapped under the strain.
绳子被拉断了。
4  injury 损伤 [countableC, uncountableU]MIINJURE an injury to a muscle or part of your body that is caused by using it too much 〔肌肉或人体部位的〕拉伤；扭伤；劳损
 Long hours working at a computer can cause eye strain.
长时间用电脑工作会引起眼睛疲劳。
 The goalkeeper is still out of action with a knee strain.
守门员由于膝伤仍无法参加比赛。
► see thesaurus at injury
5  plant/animal 植物/动物 [countableC]HBTYPE a type of animal, plant, or disease 系，品系，品种，类型
6  quality 品质 [singular]CHARACTER/PERSONALITY a particular quality which people have, especially one that is passed from parents to children 〔尤指遗传的〕性格倾向，气质，性情
7  way of saying STH 说话的方式 [singular] formalMEANING an amount of a feeling that you can see in the way someone speaks, writes, paints etc 表达方式；口吻，语气；笔调
8  strains of something literarySOUND the sound of music being played 音乐的曲调[旋律]
Examples from the Corpus
strains of something• When Sabin developed his attenuated strains of polio he energetically pursued his goal of making them widely accepted as vaccine strains.• Protoplasts from different strains of plant have been joined, giving rise to a completely new variety blending characteristics from each parent.• I see little reason to prefer strains of lettuce, for instance, that are inherently poisonous to pests.• Resistant strains of bacteria were detected soon after the widespread introduction of penicillin in the 1940s.• And unusual strains of salmonella have increased too.• They were scared by the virulent strains of virus Salk insisted on using in his vaccine.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
adjectives
great/considerable/severe strain
The country’s health system is under great strain.
a terrible strain
It’s been a terrible strain.
an intolerable strain (=too great to bear)
The cost of these wars put an intolerable strain on the economy.
undue strain (=too much strain)
How much can you invest without putting any undue strain on your finances?
emotional strain
She has been suffering from considerable emotional strain.
financial strain
This welfare program has eased the financial strain of raising children alone.
verbs
put/place (a) strain on somebody/something
Living with my parents put quite a strain on our marriage.
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to continue normally because of the strain)
They are worried that the court system might collapse under the strain.
ease the strain (=make it less)
You can do much to ease the strain of the situation for her.
phrases
be under (a) strain
Claudia could see that he was under considerable strain.
stresses and strains
Holidays help people to cope with the stresses and strains of life.
Examples from the Corpus
strain• The rope is capable of bearing a strain of three tons.• The company wanted 110% commitment, and that put a strain on our marriage.• Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement came as a relief.• a back strain• A pure-bred strain of barley is required in the production of this whisky.• Both of the positive control strains adhered strongly to HEp-2 cells.• The legal fight has been an enormous strain on my wife.• As she describes the irritating eye strain, Estrada laughs self consciously.• eye strain• Argyle player-manager Shilton ruled himself out of the hiding-to-nothing trip with a groin strain.• A particularly hardy strain of the virus can make you ill for over a week.• Such efforts put heavy strains on the financial and human resources of the organization.• They also needed to determine the genetic sequence of the virus so that they could compare it with known herpes strains.• She had a busy week, and she's under a lot of strain at the moment.• Asthma / bronchitis claims jump 75 %; sprains / strains are 34. 6 % higher.• He had trouble handling the strain of raising eight kids.• He could see the strain in her face as she told him what she was going through.• The strain of managing such a huge company became too much for Anita.• The strain was beginning to show in their friendship.• He is putting his body under unbelievable strain, which is fine when he is 26.
find ... strain• Others have found similar strains only in repeated samples from the same individual.• Even Lancaster found his patience strained when Douglas told him how to play his part.• She did not find Flora any strain either.• She found she was straining her ears for the musical clang of the town church bells.
put/place (a) strain on something• The waiting also puts a strain on parents.• Lack of stock control Goods which can not be quickly used or sold but put strains on cash flow.• One neck exercise could damage the top of the spine while straight leg sit-ups could put strain on the back.• And the demand for vaccine has started to put a strain on supplies.• The problem is the vigorous shaking of the trunk puts a strain on the roots.• So I was there until Sean was seventeen months, which put a strain on all of us, I think.• Occupational therapists also can modify items to make it possible to use them without placing a strain on arthritic joints.
put/place (a) strain on something• The waiting also puts a strain on parents.• Lack of stock control Goods which can not be quickly used or sold but put strains on cash flow.• One neck exercise could damage the top of the spine while straight leg sit-ups could put strain on the back.• And the demand for vaccine has started to put a strain on supplies.• The problem is the vigorous shaking of the trunk puts a strain on the roots.• So I was there until Sean was seventeen months, which put a strain on all of us, I think.• Occupational therapists also can modify items to make it possible to use them without placing a strain on arthritic joints.
strain of• a deadly strain of influenza• There is a strong strain of nationalism in the country.• Through the window we could hear the strains of Mozart.
Related topics: Illness & disability, Cooking
strain2 ●●○ verb  
1  injure 损伤 [transitiveT]MIINJURE to injure a muscle or part of your body by using it too much or making it work too hard 拉伤，扭伤，损伤
2  effort 努力 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]TRY TO DO OR GET something to try very hard to do something using all your strength or ability 使劲，竭力，用尽全力
3  liquid 液体 [transitiveT]DFC to separate solid things from a liquid by pouring the mixture through something with very small holes in it 滤，过滤 → sieve
4  difficulty 困难 [transitiveT]FORCE somebody TO DO something to cause difficulties for something by making too much work or too many problems which it cannot deal with easily 使过劳；使不堪承受
5  pull/push 拉/推 [intransitiveI]PUSHPULL to pull hard at something or push hard against something 使劲拉[推]，绷紧
6  strain every nerve TRY TO DO OR GET somethingto try as hard as possible to do something 全力以赴
Examples from the Corpus
strain every nerve• Vincent strained every nerve to turn himself into a draughtsman acceptable to the illustrated papers, and the strain showed.
7  be straining at the leash ENTHUSIASTICto be eager to be allowed to do something 急欲获准做某事，跃跃欲试
8  not strain yourself to not work too hard or do too much physical activity – often used in an ironic way 使自己不要过度劳累〔常用于讽刺〕
Examples from the Corpus
not strain yourself• Continually adepts are warned that they must not strain themselves or try to experience these unnatural things.
Examples from the Corpus
strain• Sometimes he strained his head up towards the ceiling and his mouth moved as if he were trying to shout orders.• James strained his right knee playing football.• Righthander Robert Person was scheduled to start, but a strained left hamstring sustained over the weekend could delay his spring debut.• She carries a small but distinct belly, which is straining the red material of the skirt.• Strain the sauce through a sieve.• Repairs to the roof have severely strained the school's budget.• His frightened eyes widened, straining to live.
strain your ears/eyes• He stood tensed, straining his ears.• She spoke softly, directing her remarks exclusively at Karelius and Moreau, so that the others were obliged to strain their ears.• She strained her ears but could hear nothing.• Don't strain your eyes by putting up with poor lighting.• We crowded round the table, straining our ears for the magic sounds, while Robert adjusted the cat's whisker.• She strained her eyes, searching, but today she could not persuade herself that there were any seals out there.• As we talked, we stopped once in a while and strained our ears to hear.• I strained my eyes to see their faces, my ears to catch their whispered voices.
strain against• Spectators strained against the barriers to get a closer look.
Origin strain1
1. (1500-1600) → STRAIN2
2. Old English streon “gain”
 strain2
(1300-1400) Old French estraindre, from Latin stringere; → STRINGENT
strain1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1strain2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659
strain

noun¹

 1severe demand on strength, resources, etc.緊張；壓力ADJECTIVE | VERB + STRAIN | STRAIN + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, heavy, real, severe, terrible, tremendous相當大的壓力；沉重的壓力；可怕的壓力◇It's a real strain having to get up so early!這麼早起牀真夠受的！➤slight微小的壓力▸➤increasing不斷增大的壓力▸➤constant持續的壓力▸➤excessive, intolerable, unbearable, undue過大的壓力；難以忍受的壓力▸➤emotional, financial, mental, nervous, physical, psychological情感／經濟／思想／精神／身體／心理壓力◇The mental strain of sharing an office with Alison was starting to show.與艾利森共用一間辦公室帶來的精神壓力逐漸開始顯現。VERB + STRAIN➤be under, come under, feel, suffer, suffer from處在壓力下；感到累；遭受壓力◇Television newsreaders come under enormous strain.電視新聞播報員處於極大的壓力之下。◇After weeks of overtime, she was starting to feel the strain.加班幾個星期以後，她開始感覺到了疲勞。➤cause, create, impose, place, put引起壓力；造成壓力；強加壓力；施加壓力◇Increasing demand is placing undue strain on services.需求不斷增加對服務造成過大的壓力。➤ease, reduce舒緩／減輕壓力▸➤cope with, stand, take應付／忍受／承受壓力▸➤increase增加壓力STRAIN + VERB➤show, take its toll (on sb), tell (on sb) (BrE) 壓力顯現；壓力（對某人）造成傷害；壓力（對某人）產生影響◇After weeks of uncertainty, the strain was beginning to take its toll.幾個星期的忐忑不安之後，壓力開始讓人受不了了。PREPOSITION➤under the strain在壓力下◇The ice gave way under the strain.冰在壓力作用下坍塌了。◇He broke down under the strain of having to work twelve hours a day.他在一天工作 12 個小時的壓力下崩潰了。➤strain on對⋯的壓力◇Losing the business put a strain on their relationship.生意丟了，他們的關係變得緊張起來。PHRASES➤a bit of a strain一點兒緊張◇I found it a bit of a strain making conversation with her.和她談話我感到有點兒緊張。➤signs of strain緊張的跡象◇After three years, their marriage was beginning to show signs of strain.3 年後，他們的婚姻開始出現緊張跡象。➤stresses and strains壓力和緊張◇the stresses and strains of a long day漫長的一天的壓力和緊張➤take the strain off sb, take the strain out of sth減輕⋯的壓力◇The Internet takes the strain out of shopping.因特網減輕了購物的壓力。
strain

noun²

 2injury傷害ADJECTIVE | VERB + STRAIN ADJECTIVE➤bad嚴重的拉傷▸➤slight輕微的勞損▸➤back, eye, muscle, thigh, etc.背部勞損、眼疲勞、肌肉拉傷、大腿拉傷等VERB + STRAIN➤be suffering from, have受傷；勞損▸➤get受累◇You'll get eye strain if you don't put the light on.不開燈，你的眼睛會疲勞。➤recover from, shake off (BrE) 從拉傷中恢復過來；擺脫拉傷的痛苦◇Gerrard will play if he can shake off a slight thigh strain.如果大腿的輕微拉傷能恢復，傑拉德將會上場。
strain

noun³

 3type of virus or bacteria病毒種類；細菌種類ADJECTIVE | VERB + STRAIN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤new新菌株▸➤mutant突變菌株▸➤virulent毒性菌株▸➤antibiotic-resistant, drug-resistant, resistant耐抗生素／耐藥性／抗藥性菌株➤bacterial, viral細菌／病毒菌株➤flu, influenza流感菌株VERB + STRAIN➤discover, identify發現／找到菌株➤analyse/analyze, examine, test分析／檢驗／測試菌株PREPOSITION➤strain of⋯的菌株◇H5N1 is a strain of avian influenza.H5N1 是一種禽流感病毒。
strain

verb¹

 1make a great effort to do sth努力ADVERB | VERB + STRAIN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤hard非常努力◇You could see he was straining hard to understand.可以看得出，他正竭力想弄明白。➤forward努力向前◇I strained forward to get a better view.我使勁向前，想看得更清楚些。VERB + STRAIN➤have to不得不盡力PREPOSITION➤against對⋯用力◇The dogs were straining against the sled.那些狗在用力拉雪橇。➤at用力拉◇Several men were straining at a rope, trying to move the stalled vehicle.好幾個人正在用力拉一根繩子，試圖拖動拋了錨的車子。➤for使勁⋯◇Their ears strained for any slight sound.他們都在側耳傾聽任何一點兒細微的聲音。➤under (often figurative) 努力承受⋯◇The company is already straining under the weight of a $12 billion debt.這家公司已經承受着 120 億美元的高額債務了。PHRASES➤strain to hear sth, strain to see sth努力聽⋯；努力看⋯◇We had to strain to hear what was being said.我們得費很大勁兒才能聽清在說什麼。
strain

verb²

 2put a lot of pressure on sth施加壓力ADVERB | PHRASES ADVERB➤seriously, severely使極其緊張◇The dispute severely strained relations between the two countries.這場爭端使兩國關係極其緊張。PHRASES➤strain sth to breaking point, strain sth to the breaking point (NAmE) 使⋯緊張到極點◇Our public health laboratories are strained to (the) breaking point.我們的公共衞生實驗室承受着極大的壓力。➤strain sth to its limits, strain sth to the limit使⋯承受極限壓力
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659
strain noun
⇨ pressure 1 (a strain on your finances) ⇨ weight (break under the strain)strain verb
⇨ filter (strain off excess liquid) ⇨ injure (Don't strain your eyes.)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659

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