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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659

strain

Word family 
Related topics: Physics, Illness & disability, Biology
strain1 /streɪn/ ●●○ W3 noun
1  worry 焦慮 [countableC, uncountableU]WORRIED worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time 焦慮；緊張 → stress
I couldn’t look after him anymore; the strain was too much for me.
我不能再照看他了，壓力太大。
Did you find the job a strain?
你覺得這份工作緊張嗎？
the stresses and strains of police life
警察生活的緊張和壓力
strain for
The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us.
法庭審判令我們兩人都非常焦慮。
strain on
It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily.
他喝很多酒時，我就十分擔心。
put/place a strain on somebody
The long working hours put a severe strain on employees.
長時間工作使僱員嚴重焦慮。
under (a) strain
I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately.
我知道你最近壓力很大。
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to deal with a problem or work) 因壓力大而崩潰
I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain.
我能看出她開始承受不了壓力了。
2  difficulty 困難 [countableC, uncountableU]PROBLEM a difficulty or problem that is caused when a person, relationship, organization, or system has too much to do or too many problems to deal with 問題，困難；負擔；緊張
strain on
The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources.
幹旱的夏季加劇了水資源緊張的情況。
put/place (a) strain on something
The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service.
流感爆發給衛生部門帶來巨大的壓力。
strain in
The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries.
襲擊事件導致兩國關系緊張。
under (a) strain
His marriage was under strain.
他的婚姻關系很緊張。
break/crack/collapse etc under the strain 因壓力大而崩潰
The party split under the strain.
在重壓之下，這個政黨分裂了。
3  force 力,力量 [uncountableU]HPPUSHPULL a situation in which something is being pulled or pushed, or is holding weight, and so might break or become damaged 拉力；張力；推力
strain on
The strain on the cables supporting the bridge is enormous.
這些支撐橋梁的鋼纜所承受的拉力很大。
put/place (a) strain on something
Some of these exercises put too much strain on the back muscles.
這些健身動作中有些令背部肌肉負擔過重。
These four posts take the strain of the whole structure.
這四根柱子承受着整個結構的壓力。
break/snap/collapse etc under the strain
The rope snapped under the strain.
繩子被拉斷了。
4  injury 損傷 [countableC, uncountableU]MIINJURE an injury to a muscle or part of your body that is caused by using it too much 〔肌肉或人體部位的〕拉傷；扭傷；勞損
Long hours working at a computer can cause eye strain.
長時間用電腦工作會引起眼睛疲勞。
The goalkeeper is still out of action with a knee strain.
守門員由於膝傷仍無法參加比賽。
► see thesaurus at injury
5  plant/animal 植物/動物 [countableC]HBTYPE a type of animal, plant, or disease 系，品系，品種，類型
strain of
different strains of wheat
不同品種的小麥
a new strain of the flu virus
一種新型的流感病毒
6  quality 品質 [singular]CHARACTER/PERSONALITY a particular quality which people have, especially one that is passed from parents to children 〔尤指遺傳的〕性格傾向，氣質，性情
strain of
There’s a strain of madness in his family.
他的家族有瘋癫的傾向。
7  way of saying STH 說話的方式 [singular] formalMEANING an amount of a feeling that you can see in the way someone speaks, writes, paints etc 表達方式；口吻，語氣；筆調
a strain of bitterness in Young’s later work
楊後期作品中怨憤的筆調
8  strains of something literarySOUND the sound of music being played 音樂的曲調[旋律]
We sipped wine to the strains of Beethoven.
我們一邊聽貝多芬的旋律一邊抿着葡萄酒。
Examples from the Corpus
strains of something• When Sabin developed his attenuated strains of polio he energetically pursued his goal of making them widely accepted as vaccine strains.• Protoplasts from different strains of plant have been joined, giving rise to a completely new variety blending characteristics from each parent.• I see little reason to prefer strains of lettuce, for instance, that are inherently poisonous to pests.• Resistant strains of bacteria were detected soon after the widespread introduction of penicillin in the 1940s.• And unusual strains of salmonella have increased too.• They were scared by the virulent strains of virus Salk insisted on using in his vaccine.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
adjectives
great/considerable/severe strain
The country’s health system is under great strain.
a terrible strain
It’s been a terrible strain.
an intolerable strain (=too great to bear)
The cost of these wars put an intolerable strain on the economy.
undue strain (=too much strain)
How much can you invest without putting any undue strain on your finances?
emotional strain
She has been suffering from considerable emotional strain.
financial strain
This welfare program has eased the financial strain of raising children alone.
verbs
put/place (a) strain on somebody/something
Living with my parents put quite a strain on our marriage.
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to continue normally because of the strain)
They are worried that the court system might collapse under the strain.
ease the strain (=make it less)
You can do much to ease the strain of the situation for her.
phrases
be under (a) strain
Claudia could see that he was under considerable strain.
stresses and strains
Holidays help people to cope with the stresses and strains of life.
Examples from the Corpus
strain• The rope is capable of bearing a strain of three tons.• The company wanted 110% commitment, and that put a strain on our marriage.• Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement came as a relief.• a back strain• A pure-bred strain of barley is required in the production of this whisky.• Both of the positive control strains adhered strongly to HEp-2 cells.• The legal fight has been an enormous strain on my wife.• As she describes the irritating eye strain, Estrada laughs self consciously.• eye strain• Argyle player-manager Shilton ruled himself out of the hiding-to-nothing trip with a groin strain.• A particularly hardy strain of the virus can make you ill for over a week.• Such efforts put heavy strains on the financial and human resources of the organization.• They also needed to determine the genetic sequence of the virus so that they could compare it with known herpes strains.• She had a busy week, and she's under a lot of strain at the moment.• Asthma / bronchitis claims jump 75 %; sprains / strains are 34. 6 % higher.• He had trouble handling the strain of raising eight kids.• He could see the strain in her face as she told him what she was going through.• The strain of managing such a huge company became too much for Anita.• The strain was beginning to show in their friendship.• He is putting his body under unbelievable strain, which is fine when he is 26.
find ... strain• Others have found similar strains only in repeated samples from the same individual.• Even Lancaster found his patience strained when Douglas told him how to play his part.• She did not find Flora any strain either.• She found she was straining her ears for the musical clang of the town church bells.
put/place (a) strain on something• The waiting also puts a strain on parents.• Lack of stock control Goods which can not be quickly used or sold but put strains on cash flow.• One neck exercise could damage the top of the spine while straight leg sit-ups could put strain on the back.• And the demand for vaccine has started to put a strain on supplies.• The problem is the vigorous shaking of the trunk puts a strain on the roots.• So I was there until Sean was seventeen months, which put a strain on all of us, I think.• Occupational therapists also can modify items to make it possible to use them without placing a strain on arthritic joints.
put/place (a) strain on something• The waiting also puts a strain on parents.• Lack of stock control Goods which can not be quickly used or sold but put strains on cash flow.• One neck exercise could damage the top of the spine while straight leg sit-ups could put strain on the back.• And the demand for vaccine has started to put a strain on supplies.• The problem is the vigorous shaking of the trunk puts a strain on the roots.• So I was there until Sean was seventeen months, which put a strain on all of us, I think.• Occupational therapists also can modify items to make it possible to use them without placing a strain on arthritic joints.
strain of• a deadly strain of influenza• There is a strong strain of nationalism in the country.• Through the window we could hear the strains of Mozart.
Related topics: Illness & disability, Cooking
strain2 ●●○ verb
1  injure 損傷 [transitiveT]MIINJURE to injure a muscle or part of your body by using it too much or making it work too hard 拉傷，扭傷，損傷
I’ve strained a muscle in my leg.
我的腿有一處肌肉拉傷。
You’ll strain your eyes trying to read in this light.
在這樣的光線下看書會傷眼睛的。
► see thesaurus at hurt
2  effort 努力 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]TRY TO DO OR GET something to try very hard to do something using all your strength or ability 使勁，竭力，用盡全力
strain (something) to do something
She was straining to keep her head above the water.
她竭盡全力將頭露出水面。
strain for
Bill choked and gasped, straining for air.
比爾噎住了，喘着氣，拼命呼吸着。
strain your ears/eyes (=try very hard to hear or see) 努力地聽/看
I strained my ears, listening for any sound in the silence of the cave.
我側耳傾聽寂靜的山洞裏有些什麽聲音。
3  liquid 液體 [transitiveT]DFC to separate solid things from a liquid by pouring the mixture through something with very small holes in it 濾，過濾 → sieve
She strained the pasta.
她把意大利面濾幹水。
4  difficulty 困難 [transitiveT]FORCE somebody TO DO something to cause difficulties for something by making too much work or too many problems which it cannot deal with easily 使過勞；使不堪承受
The increased costs will certainly strain our finances.
開支增加當然會使我們財務緊張。
The incident has strained relations between the two countries.
該事件使兩國之間的關系緊張起來。
I felt that my patience was being strained to the limit.
我感到我的耐心已經到了極限。
5  pull/push 拉/推 [intransitiveI]PUSHPULL to pull hard at something or push hard against something 使勁拉[推]，繃緊
strain against
Buddy’s huge gut strained against the buttons on his shirt.
巴迪的大肚子把襯衫紐扣繃得緊緊的。
strain at
a dog straining at its lead
一只使勁拽着牽繩的狗
6  strain every nerve TRY TO DO OR GET somethingto try as hard as possible to do something 全力以赴
He was straining every nerve to impress the judges.
他竭盡全力給評判員留下好印象。
Examples from the Corpus
strain every nerve• Vincent strained every nerve to turn himself into a draughtsman acceptable to the illustrated papers, and the strain showed.
7  be straining at the leash ENTHUSIASTICto be eager to be allowed to do something 急欲獲準做某事，躍躍欲試
There are 30,000 troops in the area, all straining at the leash.
該地區有三萬名士兵，全都在枕戈待旦。
8  not strain yourself to not work too hard or do too much physical activity – often used in an ironic way 使自己不要過度勞累〔常用於諷刺〕
Don’t strain yourself.
别把自己累壞了。
Examples from the Corpus
not strain yourself• Continually adepts are warned that they must not strain themselves or try to experience these unnatural things.
Examples from the Corpus
strain• Sometimes he strained his head up towards the ceiling and his mouth moved as if he were trying to shout orders.• James strained his right knee playing football.• Righthander Robert Person was scheduled to start, but a strained left hamstring sustained over the weekend could delay his spring debut.• She carries a small but distinct belly, which is straining the red material of the skirt.• Strain the sauce through a sieve.• Repairs to the roof have severely strained the school's budget.• His frightened eyes widened, straining to live.
strain your ears/eyes• He stood tensed, straining his ears.• She spoke softly, directing her remarks exclusively at Karelius and Moreau, so that the others were obliged to strain their ears.• She strained her ears but could hear nothing.• Don't strain your eyes by putting up with poor lighting.• We crowded round the table, straining our ears for the magic sounds, while Robert adjusted the cat's whisker.• She strained her eyes, searching, but today she could not persuade herself that there were any seals out there.• As we talked, we stopped once in a while and strained our ears to hear.• I strained my eyes to see their faces, my ears to catch their whispered voices.
strain against• Spectators strained against the barriers to get a closer look.
Origin strain1
1. (1500-1600) → STRAIN2
2. Old English streon “gain”
 strain2
(1300-1400) Old French estraindre, from Latin stringere; → STRINGENT
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659
strain

noun¹

 1severe demand on strength, resources, etc.緊張；壓力ADJECTIVE | VERB + STRAIN | STRAIN + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, heavy, real, severe, terrible, tremendous相當大的壓力；沉重的壓力；可怕的壓力◇It's a real strain having to get up so early!這麼早起牀真夠受的！➤slight微小的壓力▸➤increasing不斷增大的壓力▸➤constant持續的壓力▸➤excessive, intolerable, unbearable, undue過大的壓力；難以忍受的壓力▸➤emotional, financial, mental, nervous, physical, psychological情感／經濟／思想／精神／身體／心理壓力◇The mental strain of sharing an office with Alison was starting to show.與艾利森共用一間辦公室帶來的精神壓力逐漸開始顯現。VERB + STRAIN➤be under, come under, feel, suffer, suffer from處在壓力下；感到累；遭受壓力◇Television newsreaders come under enormous strain.電視新聞播報員處於極大的壓力之下。◇After weeks of overtime, she was starting to feel the strain.加班幾個星期以後，她開始感覺到了疲勞。➤cause, create, impose, place, put引起壓力；造成壓力；強加壓力；施加壓力◇Increasing demand is placing undue strain on services.需求不斷增加對服務造成過大的壓力。➤ease, reduce舒緩／減輕壓力▸➤cope with, stand, take應付／忍受／承受壓力▸➤increase增加壓力STRAIN + VERB➤show, take its toll (on sb), tell (on sb) (BrE) 壓力顯現；壓力（對某人）造成傷害；壓力（對某人）產生影響◇After weeks of uncertainty, the strain was beginning to take its toll.幾個星期的忐忑不安之後，壓力開始讓人受不了了。PREPOSITION➤under the strain在壓力下◇The ice gave way under the strain.冰在壓力作用下坍塌了。◇He broke down under the strain of having to work twelve hours a day.他在一天工作 12 個小時的壓力下崩潰了。➤strain on對⋯的壓力◇Losing the business put a strain on their relationship.生意丟了，他們的關係變得緊張起來。PHRASES➤a bit of a strain一點兒緊張◇I found it a bit of a strain making conversation with her.和她談話我感到有點兒緊張。➤signs of strain緊張的跡象◇After three years, their marriage was beginning to show signs of strain.3 年後，他們的婚姻開始出現緊張跡象。➤stresses and strains壓力和緊張◇the stresses and strains of a long day漫長的一天的壓力和緊張➤take the strain off sb, take the strain out of sth減輕⋯的壓力◇The Internet takes the strain out of shopping.因特網減輕了購物的壓力。
strain

noun²

 2injury傷害ADJECTIVE | VERB + STRAIN ADJECTIVE➤bad嚴重的拉傷▸➤slight輕微的勞損▸➤back, eye, muscle, thigh, etc.背部勞損、眼疲勞、肌肉拉傷、大腿拉傷等VERB + STRAIN➤be suffering from, have受傷；勞損▸➤get受累◇You'll get eye strain if you don't put the light on.不開燈，你的眼睛會疲勞。➤recover from, shake off (BrE) 從拉傷中恢復過來；擺脫拉傷的痛苦◇Gerrard will play if he can shake off a slight thigh strain.如果大腿的輕微拉傷能恢復，傑拉德將會上場。
strain

noun³

 3type of virus or bacteria病毒種類；細菌種類ADJECTIVE | VERB + STRAIN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤new新菌株▸➤mutant突變菌株▸➤virulent毒性菌株▸➤antibiotic-resistant, drug-resistant, resistant耐抗生素／耐藥性／抗藥性菌株➤bacterial, viral細菌／病毒菌株➤flu, influenza流感菌株VERB + STRAIN➤discover, identify發現／找到菌株➤analyse/analyze, examine, test分析／檢驗／測試菌株PREPOSITION➤strain of⋯的菌株◇H5N1 is a strain of avian influenza.H5N1 是一種禽流感病毒。
strain

verb¹

 1make a great effort to do sth努力ADVERB | VERB + STRAIN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤hard非常努力◇You could see he was straining hard to understand.可以看得出，他正竭力想弄明白。➤forward努力向前◇I strained forward to get a better view.我使勁向前，想看得更清楚些。VERB + STRAIN➤have to不得不盡力PREPOSITION➤against對⋯用力◇The dogs were straining against the sled.那些狗在用力拉雪橇。➤at用力拉◇Several men were straining at a rope, trying to move the stalled vehicle.好幾個人正在用力拉一根繩子，試圖拖動拋了錨的車子。➤for使勁⋯◇Their ears strained for any slight sound.他們都在側耳傾聽任何一點兒細微的聲音。➤under (often figurative) 努力承受⋯◇The company is already straining under the weight of a $12 billion debt.這家公司已經承受着 120 億美元的高額債務了。PHRASES➤strain to hear sth, strain to see sth努力聽⋯；努力看⋯◇We had to strain to hear what was being said.我們得費很大勁兒才能聽清在說什麼。
strain

verb²

 2put a lot of pressure on sth施加壓力ADVERB | PHRASES ADVERB➤seriously, severely使極其緊張◇The dispute severely strained relations between the two countries.這場爭端使兩國關係極其緊張。PHRASES➤strain sth to breaking point, strain sth to the breaking point (NAmE) 使⋯緊張到極點◇Our public health laboratories are strained to (the) breaking point.我們的公共衞生實驗室承受着極大的壓力。➤strain sth to its limits, strain sth to the limit使⋯承受極限壓力
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659
strain noun
⇨ pressure 1 (a strain on your finances) ⇨ weight (break under the strain)strain verb
⇨ filter (strain off excess liquid) ⇨ injure (Don't strain your eyes.)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2749 COCA: 3659

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