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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4273 COCA: 4641

conscience

Word family 
con·science /ˈkɒnʃəns $ ˈkɑːn-/ ●●○ noun [countableC, uncountableU]  
1  MINDGOOD/MORALthe part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong 良知，良心
a guilty/troubled conscience 愧疚的内心/不安的良心
 It was his guilty conscience that made him offer to help.
他是因为心中有愧才提出帮忙的。
 Well, at least I can face them all with a clear conscience (=the knowledge that you have done nothing wrong).
好吧，至少我可以问心无愧地面对他们所有人。
prisoner of conscience (=someone in prison because of their beliefs) 政治犯，思想犯
 I can’t tell you what to do – it’s a matter of conscience (=something you must make a moral judgement about).
我不能告诉你怎么办——这是良心问题。
 a crisis of conscience among medical staff (=a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what is the right thing to do)
医务人员中的良心危机
Do not confuse with consciousness (=the condition of being awake and aware of things).
不要和 consciousness (神志清醒；意识)相混淆。
2  a guilty feeling that you have about something bad you have done 良心的责备，内疚，愧疚
twinge/pang of conscience
 Ian felt a pang of conscience at having misjudged her.
伊思因为错看了她而感到一阵良心上的愧疚。
have no conscience (about something) (=not feel guilty about something) （对某事）不内疚
 They’ve no conscience at all about cheating.
他们对欺骗毫不内疚。
3  on your conscience GUILTY/FEEL GUILTYif you have something on your conscience, it makes you feel guilty 内疚，受到良心的谴责
 He didn’t want somebody’s death on his conscience.
他不愿某个人的死成为他良心上的负担。
 Could you live with that on your conscience?
你能背着那样的良心包袱生活吗？
Examples from the Corpus
on your conscience• It has been on my conscience ever since.• At least, he felt, an act of Providence had prevented him from having a death on his conscience.• It is a terrible thing to have on your conscience.• Rest it on your conscience if you wine and dine your lover and claim client entertainment.• Where that girl is concerned I have nothing on my conscience.• I have something on my conscience that I want to get off before I die.• No female could live with that on her conscience.
4  not in (all/good) conscience formalBAD BEHAVIOUR OR ACTIONS if you cannot in all conscience do something, you cannot do it because you think it is wrong 凭良心不能做某些事情〔因认为它是错的〕
 I couldn’t in all conscience tell him that his job was safe.
出于良心，我不能对他说他的工作肯定保得住。
Examples from the Corpus
not in (all/good) conscience• I have a hard time separating one statement resulting from torture from another and I can not in good conscience do so.• And apologists for Labour's refusal to organise in Northern Ireland can not in all conscience describe themselves as democrats.• Yet as Dunkers they could not in conscience support the use of force or pay disrespect to the Crown.
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
a clear conscience (=the knowledge that you have done nothing wrong)
I was able to answer his questions with a clear conscience.
a guilty/troubled conscience (=the knowledge that you have done something wrong)
His guilty conscience kept him awake at night.
a social conscience (=a moral sense of how society should be or how you can help it)
The writer’s strong social conscience is obvious in all his novels.
a moral conscience (=an idea of what is right and wrong)
At what age do children develop a moral conscience?
the public conscience (=people’s idea of what is right or wrong)
This scandal shocked the public conscience.
the individual conscience
Decisions like this are a matter for the individual conscience.
the human conscience
The human conscience is a product of civilization.
verbs
have a clear/guilty etc conscience
Does he have a guilty conscience about his role in the crime?
wrestle/struggle with your conscience (=struggle to decide whether it is right or wrong do something)
She wrestled with her conscience for weeks before deciding not to leave him.
prick somebody’s conscience (=make someone feel guilty)
Some of the things he’d done still pricked his conscience.
phrases
be a matter of conscience (=something that you must make a moral judgment about)
Whether you vote or not is a matter of conscience.
a crisis of conscience (=a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what is the right thing to do)
He had a crisis of conscience about whether to take on the legal case.
the voice of conscience (=something in your mind that tells you what is right and wrong)
Other leaders urged him to listen to the voice of conscience and hold free elections.
a prisoner of conscience (=someone who is in prison because they have followed their beliefs about what is right or morally good to do)
Vaclav Havel was a prisoner of conscience who later became president of Czechoslovakia.
Examples from the Corpus
conscience• They acted out of a conscience that patriots despised but at least could understand.• As adults we have active consciences which help us do the right thing.• However the appointment of staff to fill the new posts meant that our overall complement was little changed and consciences were salved.• Marie got up especially early to do all her work so that she could enjoy herself afterwards with a clear conscience.• It was a guilty conscience that made him admit stealing the money.• Her conscience would not let her take all the credit for their work.• His conscience warred with the whispered promises of the semi-sentient sword.• She hurried home, conscience- stricken about having left all the dishes for Natalie to do.• I have to do what my conscience tells me.• Great issues of conscience are thrashed out in impassioned, eloquent language.• Parker displayed a remarkable lack of conscience about what he had done.• Her murderer was a psychopath with a total lack of conscience.• Later Protestantism favoured liberty of conscience.• They affected him not only as a man of conscience but as a politician.• He was capable of making the most ruthless decisions with no apparent pangs of conscience.• What we gain from this is obvious: our own consciences are clear, and we're no longer implicated.• He was a man of strong social conscience, who actively campaigned against poverty in all its forms.
twinge/pang of conscience• As he sat in Riddle's chair he experienced a pang of conscience but also a guilty thrill.• And they say she would have gotten away with the murder were it not for a pang of conscience.• She wouldn't be a burden just because he was having a pang of conscience.• A pang of conscience sent a light wash of pink into her cheeks.• They do, on occasion, have pangs of conscience regarding self-centredness.
Origin conscience
(1200-1300) Old French Latin conscientia, from conscire “to be conscious (of being guilty)”, from com- ( → COM-) + scire “to know”
con·science noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
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Corpus

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