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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012

tough

Word family 
Related topics: Food
tough1 /tʌf/ ●●● S2 W2 adjectiveadj (comparativecomp tougher, superlativesupl toughest)  
1  difficult 困难的DIFFICULT difficult to do or deal with 难办的，棘手的，费力的
 It was a tough race.
比赛打得很艰难。
 She’s had a tough life.
她的生活十分艰辛。
 The company admitted that it had been a tough year.
公司承认那是艰难的一年。
 Tough decisions will have to be made.
必须作出艰难的决定。
 The reporters were asking a lot of tough questions.
记者们问了很多难以回答的问题。
have a tough time (of it) (=face a lot of difficult problems) 日子很难过
 The family has had a tough time of it these last few months.
最近几个月这家人的日子很难熬。
it’s tough doing something
 It’s tough being married to a cop.
嫁给一个警察日子不好过。
be tough on somebody (=cause problems for someone or make their life difficult) 使某人日子难过
 Having to stay indoors all day is tough on a kid.
对于小孩子来说，整天待在屋里不出门是很难熬的。
 It was a tough call (=a difficult decision), but we had to cancel the game because of the weather.
尽管是一个艰难的决定，但由于天气不好我们只得取消比赛。
 I find his books pretty tough going (=difficult to read).
我发现他的书很难读。
 Gage predicted the president’s proposal would be a tough sell (=something that is difficult to persuade someone about) before Congress. American EnglishAmE
盖奇预言总统的提议在国会很难通过。
when the going gets tough (the tough get going) informal (=used to say that when a situation becomes difficult, strong people take the necessary action to deal with it) 时艰出英雄
► see thesaurus at difficult
2  strong person 坚强的人STRONG PERSON physically or emotionally strong and able to deal with difficult situations 坚强的，顽强的；能吃苦耐劳的
 The men who work on the oil rigs are a tough bunch.
在石油钻塔上工作的都是吃苦耐劳的人。
tough cookie/customer informal (=someone who is very determined to do what they want and not what other people want) 我行我素的家伙
as tough as nails/as tough as old boots (=very tough) 非常坚强的；能吃大苦的
 He’s as tough as nails – a good man to have on the team.
他是个很坚韧的人——队里有他真好。
► see thesaurus at determined
3  strong material 坚固的材料STRONG OBJECT not easily broken or made weaker 结实的，不易破损的；坚固的
 tough, durable plastic
坚韧耐用的塑料
 a very tough, hard-wearing cloth
非常结实、耐磨的布料
► see thesaurus at strong
4  strict/firm 严格/坚定DETERMINEDSTRICT very strict or firm 严厉的；强硬的
tough on/with
 My mother was very tough on my sister.
我母亲对我姐姐十分严厉。
 It’s time to get tough with drunk drivers.
是该严厉处理酒后驾车的司机了。
 The EU is taking a tough line with the UK over this issue.
在这一问题上，欧盟对英国的态度很强硬。
► see thesaurus at strict
5  violent area 暴力地区VIOLENT a tough part of a town has a lot of crime or violence 〔城区〕暴力犯罪多发的，治安很差的
tough neighborhood/area/part of town etc
 a tough area of Chicago
芝加哥治安很差的一个地区
6  tough!/that’s tough! spokenDON'T CARE used when you do not have any sympathy with someone 活该！
7  tough luck! spoken
8. tough shit! spoken not polite used when you do not have any sympathy for someone’s problems 活该！
9  violent person 粗暴的人VIOLENT likely to behave violently and having no gentle qualities 粗暴的，凶恶的
10  food 食物DFHARD difficult to cut or eat 切不下的；咬不动的；不嫩的，老的 OPP tender
11. tough love a way of helping someone to change their behaviour by treating them in a kind but strict way 〔为帮助某人改变行为而采取的〕严厉的爱
Examples from the Corpus
tough love• In the world of rehabilitating addicts, this is known as showing your child tough love.• It was just a good, tough love story, and that was one of the parts that made it tough.
—toughly adverbadv
—toughness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
tough• Westinghouse last week adopted a poisonpill plan to make any takeover attempt tougher.• Being the new kid at school is always tough.• I know she's only a kid, but she's tough.• Times were tough and jobs scarce in 1936, and it proved necessary for most young men to land where they could.• The chancellor has got to be tough and keep government spending down.• The chicken was very tough, as though it had not been freshly cooked that day.• As the new version of Navigator goes on sale Friday, Netscape is facing the toughest competition of its young life.• In straitened times, group directors will face tough decisions about allocating resources between divisions.• The box is made of tough durable plastic.• Normal floor paint might not be tough enough for the garage.• The governor is trying to show voters that he's able to deal with the toughest issues facing Ohio today.• Geri's a tough lady.• Opposition leaders are demanding tougher laws against drinking and driving.• a pair of tough leather boots• Archbishop Fisher went so far as to write a very tough letter to the editor in defence of Ramsey.• a tough neighborhood• The federal government is introducing tough new rules to control immigration.• My grandmother was a tough old lady, who lived through some very hard times.• The investigators asked a lot of tough questions.• The judge asked the lawyers on both sides some very tough questions.• He's a good person to be with if ever you're in a tough situation.• His head was probably tougher than a brass doorknob.• In games like this it is more important to be mentally tough, than physically fit.• Many of the veteran players had a tough time adjusting to the coach's style.• The sailors wore jackets made from tough waterproof cotton.• She's quite tough with her students.
tough questions• Both sides must confront tough questions.• His eyelids blinked rapidly as he registered the toughest questions.• The appearance is adversarial-tough reporters asking tough questions.• The most conservative justice, Antonin Scalia, was skeptical and asked both prosecutors tough questions.• The Perot crowd here peppered him with tough questions about free trade and wealth, and he rarely stumbled.
tough cookie/customer• But he'd take on some one like Glenda Grower, who's a much tougher customer.• But the tough treatment was only for tough customers.• Mr Kinnock is clearly a tough cookie.• Being a dedicated tough cookie, he has delivered the goods in impressive manner.• We're tough cookies here, and so are you.• In general, the provincial circuit is a far tougher cookie than its metropolitan counterpart.• He looks a tough customer to deal with.• Now, women on television are depicted as tough cookies who need a man like a fish needs a trouser press.
tough on/with• If Feinstein takes on Lungren, she must have a Washington record of being tough on crime.• And you didn't get tough with Mahoney, because Vecchi killed him himself, so he knows that.• The new year may be even tougher on the embattled ministry.• It's been tough on the kids.• It s going to be tough with this lineup tomorrow.• Mom was always very tough with us kids.• But it is easy to admit that one should have been tougher on what is now the dominant issue.• I was very tough on you, but it worked.
tough guys• Two young men in their late teens mugged for the camera, adopting the pose of a couple of affable tough guys.• My boss there was one of the toughest guys I ever hope to meet.• They're just guns for hire: tough guys sent on a job.• It shows the stars can be anything but tough guys when it comes to danger.• Unlike a good many tough guys who made it big in movies, Marvin didn't come from a particularly tough background.• Think of the 10 toughest guys you know.
tough2 verb  
1 tough something ↔ out phrasal verbphr v to deal with a difficult situation by being determined, rather than leaving or changing your decision 闯过〔难关〕，从〔困境中〕挺过来
 She told herself to be brave and tough it out.
她告诉自己要勇敢地挺过去。
tough3 noun [countableC]  
1.old-fashionedVIOLENT someone who often behaves in a violent way 暴徒，恶棍
Examples from the Corpus
tough• Charles's body language was geared to communicating to street toughs.
tough4 adverbadv  
1 in a way that shows you are very determined 坚强地，坚定地
 Washington played tough in the second half of the game.
华盛顿队在比赛的下半场表现得十分顽强。
 You’re talking tough now but you wait until you get into the interview.
你现在嘴硬，等到你面试时就知道了。
Examples from the Corpus
tough• The team plays tough when it has to.
Origin tough1
Old English toh
tough1 adjectiveadjtough2 verbtough3 nountough4 adverbadv
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
tough

adjective¹

 1difficult/unpleasant費力；不愉快VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, seem困難；好像困難▸➤get變得困難➤remain仍然困難➤find sth發現⋯不好弄◇He may find it tough to pursue his plans.他可能會發現很難繼續他的計劃。➤make sth使⋯不易（做到）◇The strong dollar has made it tough for small businesses.強勢美元使小企業的日子不好過。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常困難▸➤particularly, really特別／確實艱難◇Things were really tough at first.起初事情確實有點兒棘手。➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／略有些難處PREPOSITION➤on對⋯是困難的◇It's very tough on the wives when the husbands leave.丈夫離去會使妻子處境艱難。
tough

adjective²

 2strict/firm嚴厲VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be嚴格▸➤become, get變得強硬ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常強硬▸➤particularly特別強硬▸➤enough足夠嚴厲◇Has the government been tough enough on polluters?政府對造成污染者的態度夠強硬嗎？PREPOSITION➤on在⋯上嚴格◇The government has promised to get tough on crime.政府承諾對犯罪行為採取嚴厲措施。➤with對⋯嚴厲◇You have to be tough with these young thugs.對這些年紀輕輕的暴徒態度一定要強硬。
tough

adjective³

 3strong強壯VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤appear, be, feel, look, seem, stand (informal) 顯得結實；結實；覺得結實；看上去結實；似乎結實；保持強健▸➤become, get, grow變得結實▸➤act, play, talk (all informal) 行為強硬；說話強硬◇Then this guy started acting tough.然後這個人的行為開始強硬了。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常強硬▸➤incredibly, really, remarkably難以置信地強壯；非常強健▸➤enough足夠強健◇Are you sure you're physically tough enough for this job?你確信你有足夠的體力勝任這份工作嗎？➤mentally, physically堅韌不拔；體格強健
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
tough adj.
⇨ difficult 2 (a tough childhood) ⇨ strict (get tough on crime)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2160 COCA: 1012
tough
Difficult to do and involving a lot of effort: difficult, hard, tough...
Physically strong: strong, powerful, athletic...
Determined and ambitious: determined, ambitious, persistent...
Confident and proud: confident, proud, easy...
Strict and severe: strict, severe, stern...
Serious, severe and extreme: serious, severe, extreme...
Words used to describe meat: boneless, bony, flyblown...
Words used to describe the state or consistency of food: buttery, calorific, caramelised...
Strong and not easy to damage or break: strong, irresistible, sturdy...
Involving violence and bloodshed: violent, ferocious, bloodthirsty...
To try to deal with a problem or difficulty: deal with, tackle, combat...
Miscellaneous criminals: abductor, abettor, accessory...
Ways of expressing lack of sympathy: bad/hard/tough luck, too bad, my heart bleeds (for someone)...

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