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BNC: 188 COCA: 218

without

Word family 
with·out /wɪðˈaʊt $ wɪðˈaut, wɪθˈaʊt/ ●●● S1 W1 prepositionprep , adverb
1  NOT HAVEnot having something, especially something that is basic or necessary 缺乏，沒有〔尤指基本或必要之物〕
After the storm we were without electricity for five days.
暴風雨之後我們斷電了五天。
a house without a garden
不帶花園的房子
We passed two ruined abbeys, one with a tower and one without.
我們路過兩座破落的寺院，一座有塔樓，另一座沒有。
I’m getting used to managing without a car.
我已經習慣沒有汽車了。
→ do without at do2, → go without at go1
2  NOT HAVEused to say that a particular thing has not happened when someone does something 〔某事〕在沒有…的情況下〔發生〕
Suddenly and without any warning, the army opened fire.
沒有任何警告，軍隊突然開火了。
He had gone out without his parents’ permission.
他未經父母同意便出去了。
I accepted his offer without a moment’s hesitation.
我毫不猶豫地接受了他的提議。
I got to my destination without too much difficulty.
我沒費太大周折就到達了目的地。
without doing something
‘What do you expect?’ he said, without looking at her.
“你指望什麽呢？”他看也不看她說道。
Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office (=he did not even say thank you as he should have done).
本連一個謝字都沒說，轉身就回到了辦公室。
3  not feeling or showing that you feel a particular emotion 沒有，不帶〔某種感情〕
He told his story without anger or bitterness.
他講述了自己的故事，沒有怒氣，也沒有怨恨。
4  NOT HAVEALONEnot being with someone, or not having them to help you, especially someone you like or need 無，沒有〔人相伴或給予幫助〕
I don’t know what I’d do without you.
我不知道沒有你我該怎麽辦。
Won’t you be lonely without her?
沒有她你不會寂寞嗎？
The rest of the group set off without him.
隊裏的其他人出發了，只留下他一人。
5  without wanting/wishing to do something EMPHASIZEused before a criticism, complaint, or other statement to make it less strong 不想/不願意做某事〔用於批評、投訴或其他陳述之前，使語氣委婉〕
Without wanting to sound too boastful, I think we have the best television programmes in the world.
我並不是想吹噓，我確實覺得我們有世界上最精彩的電視節目。
Examples from the Corpus
without wanting/wishing to do something• She sank deep down again, unable to stay alert, and saw without wanting to a giant Catherine-wheel in the sky.• The expectation from government industrial ReD is one of reducing dependency on imports without wanting to achieve self-sufficiency.• Without wishing to be demeaning, computer literacy and competence is not particularly high on the list of archival training.• Lying in bed, she thought of him without wanting to hurt him at all.• He had had enough experience of strangers probing his own hurts without wanting to pry into those of others.• Without wanting to, Rose was drawn to watch.• Without wishing to scare you unduly, you should be aware that sharks do lurk out there.• Without wishing to tempt providence in any way, we appear to have got away lighting in so far as Winter is concerned.
6. old useOUT/OUTSIDE outside 在外面
→ reckon without at reckon
Examples from the Corpus
without• You can't get a passport without a birth certificate.• The schools are having to provide programs without adequate funding.• He was without any sense whatsoever.• After the storm, we were without electricity for five days.• This time Clark finished the race without falling.• I don't think grandpa could survive without his cigars.• He had gone out without his parents' permission.• Billy came to class without his school books.• There are so many people without jobs that companies receive hundreds of applications to each advertisement.• I don't know what I would do without Lisa.• How can you judge a book without reading it?• "Gourmet Food without Salt" is aimed at people with high-blood pressure.• "With or without sugar?'' "Without, please!''• No one can succeed in business without taking certain risks.
without doing something• For fifty years, she did her job without complaining.
Origin without
Old English withutan
with·out prepositionprep
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
BNC: 188 COCA: 218
without
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
Outside a place, object or building: outwith, outside, beyond...

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