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BNC: 48 COCA: 55

so

Word family
so1 /səʊ $ soʊ/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv   sew, sow
1 VERY
a) [+adj/adverbadv] used to emphasize how great a feeling or quality is, or how large an amount is 这么,如此〔用于形容情感或品质的程度,或者形容数量之大〕
 It was so embarrassing!
多么尴尬!
 Why didn’t you call? We were so worried.
你为什么不打个电话?我们非常担心。
 I love her so much.
我那么爱她。
ever so British EnglishBrE
 They’re being ever so quiet.
他们非常安静。
b) [+adj/adverbadv] as great, nice, many etc as this 如此,这么
 Why are you being so horrible to me?
你干吗对我这么凶?
 I’ve never seen so many people here before!
我以前从未见过这里有这么多人!
 How had they achieved it in so short a time?
在这么短的时间里他们是怎么做到的?
c) [+adj/adverbadv] used when emphasizing the degree or amount of something by saying what the result is 这么,如此〔用导致的结果来强调程度之深或数量之大〕
so ... (that)
 He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.
他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。
 There was so much smoke that they couldn’t see across the hallway.
烟雾浓得他们连门厅的对面都看不到。
 Everything happened so quickly I hadn’t time to think.
一切都发生得这么快,我都来不及去思考。
so ... as to be
 The particles are so small as to be almost invisible.
这些微粒小得几乎看不见。
d) spoken old-fashioned used before or after a verb to emphasize that someone does something a lot or to a great degree 这么,如此〔用于动词之前或之后以强调程度〕
 I wish you wouldn’t fuss so (=as much as you do). It makes me nervous.
我希望你别那么大惊小怪,弄得我很紧张。
 He does so enjoy reading your letters.
他真的非常喜欢读你的信。
e) spoken informal used before a noun phrase to emphasize what you are saying – used especially by young people 完全,绝对〔用于名词短语前强调所说内容;尤为年轻人使用〕
 He is just so not the right person for her.
他根本就不是适合她的那种人。
Register
In written English, people often prefer to use extremely rather than so to emphasize an adjective or adverb, because it sounds more formal: 在书面英语中,人们更喜欢用 extremely 强调形容词或副词,而不用 so ,因为前者听上去更加正式
These schools are extremely difficult to get into.
这些学校非常难进。
5GRAMMAR 语法
Do not use so before an adjective and noun. Instead, it is usual to use such . Put such before ‘a’ if the noun is singular. 形容词加名词的结构之前不用 so ,一般用 such 。如名词为单数,则把 such 放在 a 之前
Such a big increase (NOT 不说 A so big increase) in tax would be very damaging.
这么大幅度的增税会带来非常坏的影响。
In formal English, so and an adjective can be used before ‘a’ and a noun. 在正式英语中, so 加形容词可以用于 a 加名词之前
a world in which such terrible things could not happen
不应该发生如此恶劣之事的世界
He had never spoken to so large a crowd before.
他从来没有在这么多的听众面前讲过话。
nGrammar
You use such (a) before an adjective and noun:
There is not such a big difference.
How can such awful things happen?
Don’t use ‘so’ before an adjective and noun.
Don’t say: a so big difference | so awful things
2 not so big/good/bad etc not very big, good etc 不是非常大//糟等
Examples from the Corpus
3 AND/ALSO[not used with negative verbs] used to add that what has just been said is also true about someone or something else 也,同样〔用于表示刚说过的情况也适用于某人或某物〕
4 REPEATused to refer back to an idea, action, quality, situation etc that has just been mentioned 如此,如是〔指代刚提到过的想法、行动、品质、情况等〕
5 be so TRUEto be true or correct 是真实的,是这样的,是对的
Examples from the Corpus
6 ... or so used when you cannot be exact about a number, amount, or period of time and you think it may be a little more than the figure you are mentioning 左右,上下
7 spokenATTENTION used to get someone’s attention, especially in order to ask them a question 噢,那么〔尤用于在提问前引起别人的注意〕
8 spokenUNDERSTAND used to check that you have understood something 这么说〔用于核实自己的理解是否正确〕
9 ASK A QUESTION spoken used when asking a question about what has just been said 那么〔用于对刚说过的话提出问题〕
10 be not so much ... as ... used to say that one description of someone or something is less suitable or correct than another 与其说是不如说是
11 not/without so much as something used when you are surprised or annoyed that someone did not do something 甚至连都没有,甚至不〔用于对某人没做某事表示吃惊或气愤〕
Examples from the Corpus
12. so long! American EnglishAmE spokenGOODBYE used to say goodbye 再见!
13 not so ... as ... NOT formal used in comparisons to say that something or someone has less of a particular quality than another person or thing 不如这么,不像那样
14 so much for somebody/something spoken used to say that a particular action, idea, statement etc was not useful or did not produce the result that was hoped for 原来某人/某物不过如此
Examples from the Corpus
15 only so many/much used to say that there is only a limited quantity of something 只有这么多
Examples from the Corpus
16 AMOUNT spoken used with a movement of your hand to show how big, high etc something or someone is 这么,这样〔用于配合手势表示有多大、多高等〕
17 FIND OUT spoken used to show that you have found something out about someone 哟,哦〔用于表示发现了某人的某事〕
18 like so spoken used when you are showing someone how to do something 像这样〔用于教某人怎么做某事〕
Examples from the Corpus
19 and so on/forth used at the end of a list to show that you could continue it in a similar way 及诸如此类,等等
Examples from the Corpus
20 literary or formal in the way that is described 这样,如此
21 and so SO/CONSEQUENTLYand therefore 因此,所以
Examples from the Corpus
22 so she is/so there are etc British EnglishBrE spokenAGREE used to show that you agree with something that has just been mentioned, especially something that you had not noticed or had forgotten 她果真/果然等〔用于表示同意刚提到的事,尤其是你未注意到的或忘掉的事〕
23 be just/exactly so TIDYto be arranged tidily, with everything in the right place 安排妥贴,整理得井井有条
Examples from the Corpus
24 so be it spoken used to show you do not like or agree with something, but you will accept it 就那样吧,只好如此〔用于表示勉强同意某事〕
Examples from the Corpus
25 spoken
26 I do so/it is so etc American EnglishAmE spokenDISAGREE used especially by children to say that something is true, can be done etc when someone else says that it is not, cannot etc 我会的/它是真的等〔尤为小孩用于否定别人的陈述〕
27 spoken used to introduce the next part of a story you are telling someone 就这样〔用于引出下文〕
n28. so?
so-so, → even so at even1(4), → so far at far1(7), → so far as I’m concerned at far1(14), → so far as something is concerned at far1(15), → so far as I know/I can remember/I can tell etc at far1(16), → as/so long as at long2(5), → so much the better at better3(4), → so to speak at speak(6)
Examples from the Corpus
so?
(also so what?) spoken not polite used to tell someone that something does not matter 那又怎样?
 So what if we’re a little late?
我们迟到一会儿那又怎样?
 ‘She might tell someone.’ ‘So? No one will believe her.’
她可能会告诉什么人。”“那又怎样?没人会相信她。
so2 ●●● S1 W3 conjunction  
1 REASONused to say that someone does something because of the reason just stated 因此,所以
2 so (that) 
Examples from the Corpus
3 so as to do something formal in order to do something 为了做某事,以便做某事
Examples from the Corpus
4 (just) as ..., so ...so ... (just) as ... formal used to compare two people or things, when they are similar 正如也一样
Examples from the Corpus
Related topics: Music
so3 noun [singular]  
APMthe fifth note in a musical scale according to the sol-fa system 全音阶的第五音
Origin so1
Old English swa
so3
(1800-1900) sol

See also: soh


See also: sol


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