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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4768 COCA: 6436

temper

Word family 
tem·per1 /ˈtempə $ -ər/ ●●○ noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]BAD AT a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily 坏脾气，暴躁脾气
 That temper of hers will get her into trouble one of these days.
她那种脾气早晚会让她惹麻烦的。
 According to Nathan, Robin has quite a temper.
据内森讲，罗宾脾气很大。
 Theo needs to learn to control his temper.
西奥应该学会控制他的脾气。
quick/bad/fiery etc temper
 Be careful, he’s got a pretty violent temper.
小心点，他的脾气非常暴躁。
tempers flare (also tempers become frayed British English) (=people become angry) 大发脾气
 Mason’s temper flared when he spotted his girlfriend kissing another man.
梅森看到他的女朋友在亲吻别的男人，火气一下子蹿升上来。
2  lose your temper ANGRYto suddenly become very angry so that you cannot control yourself 发脾气
 I’ve never seen Vic lose his temper.
我从未看到过维克发脾气。
Examples from the Corpus
lose your temper• It worked, however, as it had worked when Eng lost his temper about some performing he thought listless.• Did he ever lose his temper, raise his voice?• As the argument escalated, Faison lost his temper completely.• He ached with anger at himself for losing his temper once again.• He obviously had impregnation on his mind, but by now Lydia had lost her temper and she told him to get stuffed.• Then, one day, she had lost her temper, completely, suddenly and, even to herself, shockingly.• Once the door is closed, Mami loses her temper.• You should never lose your temper with the students - it'll only make things worse.• Why did he always choose to lose his temper over issues in which he was in the wrong?• Bunny wasn't the only one to lose his temper.
3  [singular, uncountableU]ANGRY the way you are feeling at a particular time, especially when you are feeling angry for a short time 〔某个时候的〕情绪，心情；怒气
in a temper
 It’s no use talking to him when he’s in a temper.
他在气头上时，跟他谈是没有用的。
 Pete hit his brother in a fit of temper.
皮特一气之下打了他弟弟。
be in a bad/foul temper (=to be angry) 在生气
 Watch out – she’s been in a foul temper all day.
当心——她这一整天脾气都很暴躁。
fly into a temper
 Her boss would fly into a temper if a project wasn’t done on time.
如果项目没有按时完成，她的老板就会大发雷霆。
4  keep your temper CONTROLto stay calm when it would be easy to get angry 耐住性子，忍住怒火
 I was finding it increasingly difficult to keep my temper.
我发现我的脾气越来越难以控制。
Examples from the Corpus
keep your temper• When Felipe was grown up my father was wary and kept his temper.• All you have to do is get up close, keep your temper, and shoot straight.• For one, Chilcott had kept his temper, hoping to coax his niece round to his point of view.• I should have kept my temper, she thought frantically.• He kept his temper and signalled the other galley to turn to the shore at Drimnin, to do the repairs.• How will I keep my temper?• I knew they were trying to annoy me but I was determined to keep my temper.• Police officers are expected to keep their tempers whatever people say to them.• Susan told herself to keep her temper.• It took all her patience just to keep her temper.• We kept our tempers, as if patience wasn't something we maintained at the expense of our fading energies.
5  good-tempered/foul-tempered/quick-tempered etc BADHAPPYhaving a good, bad temper etc 脾气好的/脾气坏的/脾气暴躁的等
 Minnie was always good-tempered and agreeable.
明妮一向脾气好，讨人喜欢。
6  [singular] formalATTITUDE the general attitude that people have in a particular place at one time 〔某时某地人们普遍的〕态度，看法
temper of
 the temper of life in Renaissance Italy
文艺复兴时期意大利人的生活态度
→ bad-tempered, even-tempered, ill-tempered
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1,2, 3 & 4
adjectives
a quick/short temper (=likely to get angry very easily)
He’s got a quick temper, which gets him into trouble.
a bad/terrible/nasty temper
He ran back home in a terrible temper.
a fiery/violent/explosive temper (=likely to get angry and violent very quickly)
Over the years, my sister has learned to control her fiery temper.
verbs
have a temper
Grandad had quite a temper, so we usually tried to keep out of his way.
be in a temper
She banged doors and screamed at her mother when she was in a temper.
control/keep your temper
She tried to speak calmly and control her temper.
lose your temper (=become angry)
It was hot and I was beginning to lose my temper.
fly into a temper (=suddenly become very angry)
He flew into a temper at the slightest thing.
somebody’s temper flares (=they become angry)
On bad days, Elaine’s temper would flare into a violent rage.
phrases
a fit/flash/burst of temper (=when you are very angry for a short time)
A businessman assaulted his wife and son in a fit of temper, a court heard yesterday.
tempers get/become frayed British EnglishBrE (=people become annoyed)
People were pushing each other, and tempers were becoming frayed.
a temper tantrum (=a time when someone, especially a child, behaves very angrily and unreasonably)
My nephew has temper tantrums if he can’t get his own way.
Examples from the Corpus
temper• Kelly ruled by his bad temper.• There's one thing about Don that you should know - he's got a really bad temper.• Jill needs to learn to control her temper.• I'd rather run the mile than face Elizabeth in one of her tempers.• His temper, held so carefully in check around Sandra's fragile emotions, exploded.• I had warned my wife of my terrible temper.• It was on the second day that tempers, already frayed, finally ripped.• He's not a bad man, but he has a violent temper.• His wife left him because of his violent temper.• This had annoyed Jonquil and set her steel earring swinging with temper.
tempers flare• Before tempers flared, Dutriz cracked a joke, and talk returned to the news.• Sukarno procrastinated; tempers flared up, the students withdrew.
fly into a temper• I was made to feel like a petulant child who has flown into a temper because his favorite toy was removed.• Mary's natural tendency to fly into a temper probably did not increase their chances very much.
temper of• Gandhi knew the temper of the country and saw the necessity for action.
Related topics: Industry
temper2 verb [transitiveT]  
1  formalREDUCE to make something less severe or extreme 使缓和；使温和
temper something with/by something
 The heat in this coastal town is tempered by cool sea breezes.
清凉的海风消减了这座海滨小城的暑气。
2  HCMTIto make metal as hard as is needed by heating it and then putting it in cold water 锻炼，使回火
 tempered steel
回火钢
Examples from the Corpus
temper• That concern may temper any gains in exporters, rising with the dollar.• Nor does time appear to have tempered his demeanor.• Through this, her love can be tempered into a compassion and understanding with which she can help and sustain others.• Would this in any way temper the delight with which Garnett would embrace the streak?• They are the product of a system created in less democratic times by Founders who wanted to temper the popular will.• Nor did he do much to temper them.• Although their love for each other was growing steadily, the emotion was tempered with suspicion.
Origin temper2
(900-1000) Latin temperare “to divide up properly, mix, keep within proper limits, temper”
tem·per1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1temper2 verb
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