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TOEFL BNC: 263 COCA: 318
lead verb
⇨ lead 1 (lead a race) ⇨ lead 2 (lead an expedition) ⇨ lead 3 (Where does this path lead?) ⇨ make 4 (What led you to this conclusion?) ⇨ take 2 (You lead the way.)lead noun
⇨ lead 1 (take the lead in a race) ⇨ lead 2 (a narrow lead over sb) ⇨ influence (follow sb's lead) ⇨ rein (Dogs must be kept on a lead.) ⇨ star 2 (Who is playing the lead?) ⇨ wire (an extension lead)lead1 liːd

noun

 take the lead in a race 在赛跑中领先have a narrow lead over sb 略占优势the lead ♦︎ the foreground ♦︎ the forefront ♦︎ the fore ♦︎ the cutting edge ♦︎ the frontThese are all words for a position ahead of everyone else in a race, a competition, an area of activity, the development of sth or a line of people. 这些词语均表示在比赛、竞争、活动、发展或队列中的领先地位。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the foreground / forefront / cutting edge / front of sth◆in the lead / foreground / forefront◆at the forefront / fore / cutting edge / front◆to come / bring sth to the forefront / fore■ the lead [singular] the position ahead of everyone else in a race, game or competition （比赛或竞争中的）领先地位◆The Democrats now appear to be in the lead.民主党人现在看来占有优势。◆She took the lead in the second lap.她在第二圈时跑在了前头。◆As expected, Kicking King went straight into the lead.不出所料，赛马“踢王”从一开始就获得了领先地位。◆Redkal's penalty gave Norway the lead.雷德卡尔的点球使挪威队处于领先地位。■ the foreground [singular] (rather formal) the part of a view or picture that is nearest to you when you look at it; an important position that is noticed by people （景物或图画的）前景；瞩目地位；重要位置◆The figure in the foreground is the artist's mother.图画前景中的人是画家的母亲。◆Interest rates will be very much in the foreground of their election campaign.利率很大程度上将是他们竞选的重点问题。OPP background ⇨ environment ■ the forefront [singular] an important or leading position in a particular group or activity （在群体或活动中的）重要（或主要）地位；最前列◆Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement.妇女总是站在环境保护运动的最前列。◆The latest protest has brought prison conditions to the forefront of public attention.最近这次抗议活动使监狱条件这个问题成了公众关注的焦点。◆The court case was constantly in the forefront of my mind (= I thought about it all the time).这起诉讼案件一直萦绕在我的心头。ⓘ The forefront is always used in the phrase at/in/to the forefront of sth. * the forefront总是用于短语at/in/to the forefront of sth中。■ the fore [singular] (rather formal) a position in which sb/sth is noticed by people or considered important 显要地位；重要作用；突出位置◆ (BrE) She has always been to the fore at moments of crisis.危急时刻她总是挺身而出。◆ (NAmE) She has always been at the fore at moments of crisis.危急时刻她总是挺身而出。◆The problem has come very much to the fore again in recent months.近几个月来这个问题又成了热点。ⓘ People or things are to the fore in British English, but at the fore in American English; the fore is always used in the phrase be to/at the fore or come/bring sth to the fore. 表示人或事物处于显要地位，在英式英语中用to the fore，在美式英语中则用at the fore。the fore总是用于短语be to/at the fore或come/bring sth to the fore中。NOTE 辨析 Forefront or fore? The forefront is usually followed by of; the fore is not. If you need to say which group or activity sb/sth is important in, use the forefront of sth; if you do not need to say which group or activity, because sb/sth has just become important generally in the public mind, use the fore. * the forefront通常后接of，the fore则不接。表示某人或某事物在哪个群体或活动中很重要，用the forefront of sth；如某人或某事物在公众心目中已普遍变得重要，不必说出是哪个群体或活动时，则用the fore。■ the ˌcutting ˈedge [singular] the newest, most advanced stage in the development of sth, especially in science, technology or art （尤指科学、技术或艺术发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段◆We are working at the cutting edge of computer technology.我们工作在计算机技术的最前沿。◆At the time it was on the cutting edge of modern style.那时它正引领着现代时尚的潮流。■ the front [singular] the position which is furthest forward in a line or group of people （一排或一群人的）前部◆He was always at the front of the line at dinner time.吃饭排队时他总是排头位。◆The kids pushed straight to the front.孩子们径直挤到前头去了。 OPP the back ⓘ The back is the position furthest from the front. * the back指距离前部最远的位置◆We could only get seats at the back (= of the room).我们只有后排的位子可以坐了。◆I found some old photos at the back of the drawer.我在抽屉的后部发现了几张老照片。◆ (BrE) There's room for three people in the back (= of a car).轿车的后排座位能坐三个人。◆ (NAmE) There's room for three people in back.轿车的后排座位能坐三个人。 lead2 liːd

noun

 take the lead in a race 在赛跑中领先have a narrow lead over sb 略占优势lead ♦︎ advantage ♦︎ edge ♦︎ the upper hand ♦︎ head startThese are all words for a situation in which you are in a better position than sb/sth that you are competing against. 这些词均表示在竞争中领先的幅度或所占的优势。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a lead / an advantage / an edge / the upper hand / a head start over sb◆an edge / a head start on sb◆a lead / an advantage / an edge / the upper hand / a head start in sth◆a slight / significant lead / advantage / edge◆a big / clear lead / advantage◆a decided / competitive advantage / edge◆to have a lead / an advantage / an edge / the upper hand / a head start◆to hold (onto) / maintain a lead / an advantage / an edge◆to give sb a lead / an advantage / an edge / the upper hand / a head start◆to gain a lead / an advantage / an edge / the upper hand■ lead liːd [singular] the amount or distance that sb/sth is in front of sb/sth else, in a competition or race in sport or politics （体育或政治竞争中）超前的幅度，领先的距离◆She has a narrow lead over the other runners.她比其他赛跑选手略为领先。◆They took a 3-0 lead in the first leg of the semi-final.他们在半决赛的第一场以3:0领先。◆The polls have given Labour a five-point lead.选举计票显示工党领先五个百分点。■ advantage [singular] something that helps you to be better or more successful than sb else, especially sb you are competing against （尤指竞争中的）有利条件，有利因素，优势◆Being tall gave him an advantage over the other players.他个子高，比别的运动员占优势。◆The company has an unfair advantage over its competitors.与竞争对手相比，这家公司具有一种不公平的有利因素。OPP disadvantage ⇨ disadvantage ■ edge [singular] (rather informal) a slight advantage over sb/sth, especially in sport or business （体育运动或生意中的）微弱优势◆They have the edge on us.他们略胜我们一筹。◆He believes Marseilles have a slight edge as they face Rangers at home.他认为马赛队主场对阵流浪者队略占优势。◆The company needs to improve its competitive edge.公司需要扩大自己的竞争优势。■ the ˌupper ˈhand

idiom

an advantage over sb/sth else which means that you are in control of a particular situation 优势；上风；主导权◆Maggie felt she had the upper hand.玛吉觉得自己占有优势。◆Gradually their forward players began to get the upper hand.渐渐地他们的前锋开始占了上风。ⓘ The upper hand is used especially with the verbs have, hold, gain and get. * the upper hand通常与动词have、hold、gain和get连用。■ ˌhead ˈstart [singular] an advantage that sb already has before they start doing sth （事先就有的）优势◆Being able to speak French gave her a head start over the other candidates.会说法语使她比别的候选人占优势。◆We've got a real head start on the rest of the industry.我们在这个行业中一开始就遥遥领先于其他企业。lead1

verb

 lead a race/the world in cancer research 在比赛中领先；在癌症研究方面走在世界前列lead an expedition 率领探险队The path leads up the hill. 这条小路通往山顶。lead ♦︎ be ahead of sb ♦︎ overtake ♦︎ pass ♦︎ leave sb/sth behind ♦︎ outpace ♦︎ get aheadThese words all mean to be in or move into a position which is further forward, better or more advanced than sb/sth else. 这些词均表示处于首位或取得领先地位。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lead / be ahead of sb / overtake sb / leave sb behind / get ahead in sth◆to lead / be ahead of / overtake a rival◆to easily overtake / outpace sb■ lead (led, led) [intransitive, transitive] to be in first place, for example in a race or competition; to be the most advanced in a particular area or activity 处于首位；居于领先地位；（在某方面）最先进◆The champion is leading by 18 seconds.冠军领先了18秒钟。◆He led the race for eight laps until his engine blew.比赛中他有八圈一路领先，直到他的发动机爆裂。◆The department led the world in cancer research.这个系当时在癌症研究方面走在世界前列。◆The firm's solid construction standards still lead the field.该公司坚实的建筑水准在业内仍处于领先地位。OPP trail ⇨ lose ■ be aˈhead of sb

phrase

to be further forward in space or time than sb/sth; to be in front of sb/sth, for example in a race or competition; to be better or further advanced than sb/sth （时间或空间）在⋯前面；（比赛或竞争等中）领先；占优势◆Three boys were ahead of us.有三个男孩在我们前面。◆He was already some way ahead of her.他已经领先于她。◆He's still 10 points ahead of his nearest rival.他比紧随其后的对手仍领先10分。◆He was always well ahead of the rest of the class.他总是遥遥领先于班上其他同学。◆His ideas were way ahead of his time.他的思想远远超前于他那个时代。OPP be behind sb ■ overtake (overtook, overtaken) [intransitive, transitive] to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are; to become greater in number, amount or importance than sth else 超过；赶上；（在数量或重要性方面）大于，超越◆ (BrE) It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.在弯道上超车会有危险。◆ (BrE) He pulled out to overtake a lorry.他驶出车流以超越一辆卡车。◆Later this century, nuclear energy could overtake oil as the main fuel.本世纪晚些时候，核能可能会超过石油成为主要燃料。◆We mustn't let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.我们决不能让竞争对手超过我们。■ pass [transitive, intransitive] to overtake a vehicle or person ahead of you 超过；超越◆He pulled out to pass a truck.他驶出车流以超过一辆卡车。◆It's difficult to pass on this circuit.在这条环形车道上很难超车。NOTE 辨析 Overtake or pass?In British English, both overtake and pass can be used to talk about going past sb/sth that is moving, for example, on the road or a track, although overtake is more frequent. In American English, pass is the normal word used. 在英式英语中，overtake和pass都可指超过公路或跑道上行进中的人或物，只不过overtake更常用些。在美式英语中，常用pass表达此义。■ leave sb/sth beˈhind

phrasal verb

(left, left) [usually passive] to make much better progress than sb, especially in business （尤指在生意上）把⋯抛在后面，超过◆Britain is being left behind in the race for new markets.英国在开拓新市场方面正被甩在后面。◆European manufacturers are afraid of getting left behind.欧洲生产商唯恐会落在后面。■ outpace ˌaʊtˈpeɪs [transitive] (written, especially business 尤用于商业) to go, rise or improve faster than sb/sth （在速度上）超过；比⋯快◆He easily outpaced the other runners.他轻而易举地超过了其他赛跑选手。◆Demand is outpacing production.需求量正在超过产量。◆Market growth has continued to outpace expectations.市场增长率仍比预期的要快。■ ˌget aˈhead

phrasal verb

(getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to make progress; to make progress faster or further than sb/sth else 取得进步；走在前面；领先◆She wants to get ahead in her career.她想在事业上取得进展。◆He soon got ahead of the others in the class.他很快就在班上领先他人了。ⓘ Get ahead is used especially to talk about the progress of individual people in their work or studies. * get ahead尤指个人在工作或学习上取得进步。lead2

verb

 lead a race/the world in cancer research 在比赛中领先；在癌症研究方面走在世界前列lead an expedition 率领探险队The path leads up the hill. 这条小路通往山顶。lead ♦︎ head ♦︎ preside ♦︎ chair ♦︎ spearhead ♦︎ captainThese words all mean to be in charge of sth or to be the leader of sth. 这些词均表示负责、领导。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lead / head / captain a team◆to lead / captain a (sports) side◆to lead / head a (political) party / the government◆to lead / head / preside over / chair a / an commission / committee / enquiry◆to lead / preside over / chair a meeting / debate◆to lead / spearhead a campaign / fight◆to head / preside over a (legal) case◆to jointly lead / head / chair sth■ lead (led, led) [transitive, intransitive] to be the leader of sth; to be in charge of sth 率领；领导；主管；掌管◆Who will lead the party into the next election?谁来领导这个党参加下一届选举？◆He led the first expedition to the North Pole.他领导了第一次北极探险活动。◆Top management should be seen to lead by example (= to set a good example for others to copy).高层管理人员应该以身作则。  see also leadership ⇨ government 2 ■ head [transitive] to be the head of sth; to be in charge of sth 领导；主管；掌管◆She has been appointed to head the research team.她受命主管研究小组。◆The committee will be jointly headed by two men.该委员会将由两人共同领导。NOTE 辨析 Lead or head?These two verbs can be used in very similar ways. However, a person who heads sth is the person who has the official position of being the head of it: for example, a government is headed by a prime minister, an enquiry might be headed by a judge, etc. It is usually an individual who heads sth. Sb who leads sth may also have an official position as the leader, but the verb lead emphasizes their leadership qualities. Sb who leads is the person who makes the important plans and decisions, and who other people follow. A group of people, such as an organization or a country can also lead sth. 这两个动词用法非常相似，但head指担任正式领导职务，例如政府由首相来领导，调查可能由法官来领导，等等。head的主语通常是某一个人。lead也可指担任正式领导职务，但它更强调领导素质，领导者制订重要计划或作出重要决定并得到其他人的追随。lead的主语还可以是群体，比如某个机构或国家。■ preside prɪˈzaɪd [intransitive] (formal) to be in charge of a meeting, ceremony or official process such as a trial 主持（会议、仪式、审判等）；担任（会议）主席◆A tribunal, presided over by Lord Haskin, was established to investigate the allegations.成立了一个由哈斯金勋爵主持的特别法庭对这些指控进行调查。◆The Archbishop presided at a special mass in the city's cathedral.大主教在该市主教座堂里主持了一场特殊的弥撒。■ chair [transitive] to be in charge of a meeting, discussion, or committee, telling people when they can speak 担任（会议、讨论或委员会的）主席；主持（会议、讨论等）◆Who's chairing the meeting?这次会议谁主持？◆Lord Stansfield will chair the committee.斯坦斯菲尔德勋爵将出任该委员会主席。■ spearhead ˈspɪəhed; NAmE ˈspɪrhed [transitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to begin or lead a campaign for sth or an attack on sb/sth 做⋯的先锋；带头做；领先突击◆He is spearheading a campaign for a new stadium in the town.他正发起一项运动，呼吁在城里建一座新体育场。◆Gardener spearheaded Britain's challenge at this year's World Championships.在今年的世界锦标赛上，加德纳率英国队发起挑战。■ captain [transitive] to be the captain of a sports team or a ship 担任⋯的队长（或船长）◆He played in the West Indies team captained by Clive Lloyd.他效力于西印度群岛队，该队队长为克莱夫•劳埃德。◆He told us about the ship he had captained during the war.他向我们讲述了战争期间他任船长的那艘轮船的故事。lead3

verb

 lead a race/the world in cancer research 在比赛中领先；在癌症研究方面走在世界前列lead an expedition 率领探险队The path leads up the hill. 这条小路通往山顶。lead ♦︎ stretch ♦︎ continue ♦︎ go ♦︎ extend ♦︎ reach ♦︎ spanThese words all mean to cover the distance between two points or places. 这些词均表示通往、延伸至。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lead / stretch / continue / go / extend / reach / span beyond / across sth◆to lead / stretch / continue / go / extend / reach from sth to sth◆to stretch / continue / extend for sth■ lead (led, led) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to connect one object or place to another; (of a road, path or door) to go in a particular direction or to a particular place （与⋯）相连，相通；（路或门）通向，通往◆Disconnect the pipe leading from the top of the water tank.把与水箱顶部相通的管道断开。◆The wire led to a speaker.这根电线连接着扬声器。◆Which door leads to the yard?哪扇门通向庭院？◆The track led us through a wood.我们沿着那条小道穿过了树林。■ stretch [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (of a road or area of land) to spread over a large area （道路或土地）延伸，绵延◆Beyond the mountains stretches a vast desert.山峦后面是一片辽阔的沙漠。◆Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see.放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。  see also stretch ⇨ stretch noun ■ continue [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to go or move further in the same direction （朝相同方向）走，移动；延伸◆The path continued over rocky ground.这条小路向前穿过一片多岩石的地面。◆He continued on his way.他继续往前走。▸ continuation

noun

 [countable] ◆There are plans to build a continuation of the bypass next year.有计划在明年修建这条支路的延伸线。■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (of a road, path, line, rope, etc.) to lead or stretch from one place to another （道路、线、绳子等）通向，延伸到◆I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground.我想要一根可以从顶楼窗户垂到地面的绳子。◆Where does this road go?这条路通往哪里？■ extend ɪkˈstend [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to cover a particular area or distance; to make sth reach as far as sth 涉及（范围）；延伸（距离）；使达到◆Our land extends as far as the river.我们的土地一直延伸到河边。◆We extended a rope between the two posts.我们在那两根柱子之间拉了一根绳子。  see also extent ⇨ size ■ reach [intransitive, transitive] to be big or long enough to go from one point to another point （大小或长度）足够达到◆The carpet only reached halfway across the room.这块地毯只够铺半间屋子。◆Is the cable long enough to reach the power supply?电缆的长度够得着电源吗？■ span (-nn-) [transitive] to stretch right across sth, from one side to the other 横跨；跨越◆A series of bridges span the river.一系列桥梁横跨河面。◆The roof was spanned by curved ribs of steel.屋顶上架着钢制肋拱。▸ span

noun

 [countable] ◆The bridge crosses the river in a single span.那条河上的桥是单跨桥。

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