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scratch noun
⇨ injury scratch verb
⇨ scratch 1 (scratch yourself on sth) ⇨ scratch 2 (a cat scratches) ⇨ creak (mice scratch) scratch 1 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下 scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人 scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ graze These words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth ◆ to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin ◆ to scratch / scrape / graze a surface ◆ to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly ■ scratch [transitive ] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤） ◆ Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。 ◆ The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。 ◆ I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。 ◆ She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive ] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破 ◆ I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。 ◆ Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。 ◆ She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。 ◆ The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。 NOTE 辨析 scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch伤得不严重，scrape则通常伤得略严重些。 ■ rub (-bb- [intransitive ] (of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害） ◆ The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。 ◆ The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。 ◆ The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。 ■ scuff [transitive ] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损，磨坏（光滑表面） ◆ I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。 ■ graze [transitive ] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤） ◆ I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。 ◆ He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。 graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作，graze更强调所受的损伤。 scratch 2 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下 scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人 scratch ♦︎ claw These words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 这两个词均表示用爪子或指甲搔、挠、抓。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to scratch / claw at sth ◆ to scratch / claw sth with sth ◆ to scratch / claw sb frantically ■ scratch [transitive , intransitive ] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable) ; to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 挠，搔（痒处）；抓破，抓伤（皮肤） ◆ John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠下巴。 ◆ Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。 ◆ She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。 ◆ She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。 ◆ Does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗？ ■ claw [intransitive , transitive ] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails （用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，挠 ◆ The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。 ◆ She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓过斯蒂芬的脸。 ⓘ When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行为时主要出现在文学作品中，可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴 ◆ She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他扑过去，手指到处乱抓。
verb
verb
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