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IELTS BNC: 1454 COCA: 2213

existence

Word family 
ex·ist·ence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ ●●○ W2 noun  
1  [uncountableU]EXIST the state of existing 存在；实有
existence of
 It is impossible to prove the existence of God.
无法证明上帝的存在。
in existence
 The organization has been in existence for 25 years.
该组织已存在25年了。
 Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (=started to exist).
关于宇宙的起源，科学家有多种理论。
existence of
 The very existence of the museum is threatened by lack of funding.
博物馆的生存受到资金缺乏的威胁。
 the continued existence of economic inequalities
经济不平等的持续存在
2  [countableC usually singular]LIFESURVIVE the type of life that someone has, especially when it is bad or unhappy 〔尤指不幸的〕生活，生活方式
 Pablo led a miserable existence when he first moved to San Juan.
巴勃罗刚搬到圣胡安时，生活很悲惨。
→ eke out a living/existence at eke
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: the state of existing
verbs
come into existence (=start to exist)
Pakistan came into existence as an independent country in 1947.
spring into existence (=suddenly start to exist)
After the invasion, a French resistance movement sprang into existence.
bring something into existence formal (=make something start to exist)
The state must follow the terms of the treaty that brought it into existence.
go out of existence (=stop existing)
If a buyer isn't found, this famous old club could go out of existence.
acknowledge/recognize/accept the existence of something (=agree that something exists)
They organization finally acknowledged the existence of a problem.
prove/confirm/establish the existence of something (=prove that something exists)
The images confirm the existence of water on the planet's surface.
deny the existence of something (=say that something does not exists)
He strongly denied the existence of God.
doubt the existence of something (=not believe that something exists)
Some people doubt the existence of life at the very bottom of the ocean.
jeopardize/threaten the existence of something (=make it likely that something will stop existing)
The strike could jeopardize the existence of his company.
owe your existence to something (=be able to exist because of something)
The birds owe their existence to the fact that there are no natural predators on the island.
adjectives
brief/short
The band had rather a brief existence.
The show's existence was extremely short.
human existence
Darwin's theory of natural selection changed our view of human existence forever.
something's very existence
The university's very existence is at stake.
something's actual existence
Poaching now threatens the animal's actual existence.
something's continued existence
The city's continued existence is threatened by rising water levels.
something's mere existence (=just the fact that something exists)
The mere existence of a contract does not guarantee that you will be paid.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: the type of life that someone has, especially when it is bad or unhappy
adjectives
everyday/daily/day-to-day existence (=someone's normal life that is the same most days)
He saw drugs as a way of escaping the tedium of his everyday existence.
a lonely/solitary existence (=without anyone else with you)
Male bears live a mostly solitary existence, away from the female and cubs.
a miserable existence (=very unpleasant)
The refugees had to endure a miserable existence in the desert.
a dull/routine existence
I was overjoyed at the prospect of leaving my routine existence behind.
a frugal existence (=without much money)
He led a hard and frugal existence.
a hand-to-mouth existence (=with just enough food or money to live)
The survivors lived a hand-to-mouth existence until they were rescued.
a precarious existence (=only just managing to live)
The islanders, who rely solely on the sea to provide food, have a precarious existence.
a comfortable existence (=with plenty of food and money)
He left behind his comfortable existence to become a monk.
a peaceful existence
The various tribes on the island enjoyed a relatively peaceful existence.
a quiet existence
He led a quiet existence, broken only by occasional visits from his family.
a rural/urban/suburban existence (=life in the country/city/suburbs)
The girls hated their drab suburban existence.
verbs
lead/live a solitary/frugal etc existence
The women lead a miserable existence.
enjoy a peaceful/quiet etc existence
They enjoy a comfortable existence.
Examples from the Corpus
existence• Sovereigns are born for an active life, and not for an idle or contemplative existence.• It is probable that a maypole tradition had already been in existence for many years, if not centuries.• It is the fastest, most effective way to build muscles in existence.• Today there are less than 100 copies of the book still in existence.• It also exposes the fallacy of thinking that every possible world might come into existence sooner or later.• Elena faced a lonely existence in the big city.• The workers lived a miserable existence and were treated like serfs.• It's not that my family deliberately kept Fred's existence a secret.• For the first time she began to doubt the existence of God.• One consequence of reflection is the existence of standing waves on the line.• Culture is derived as a historical force prior to the existence of any individual subject, but is only realizable through agency.• The existence of such systems is less important than the fact that they are technically feasible and get reported as such.
existence of• Do you believe in the existence of God?
led a ... existence• However, in early days he seems to have led a sunny existence.• My several lives were often incompatible, and I led a schizophrenic existence.• John Tiller led a fragmented existence at this time.• Durkheim was a very austere man who led a rigidly timetabled existence and refused to talk to his family except at mealtimes.
ex·ist·ence noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 1454 COCA: 2213
existence

noun¹

 1state of existing存在ADJECTIVE | VERB + EXISTENCE | EXISTENCE + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤actual, real實際存在；真實的存在◇El Cid's actual existence is not in doubt.民族英雄埃爾•熙德的確存在，這毫無疑問。◇Since her illness, other people had no real existence for her.自從她生病後，其他人在她眼中都不存在了。➤possible可能存在◇the possible existence of life beyond Earth地球之外可能有生命存在➤brief短暫存在▸➤continued, continuing, future持續的／繼續的／未來的存在➤10-year, 50-year, etc.存在 10 年、50 年等◇over the course of his company's 20-year existence在他公司 20 年的發展歷程中➤very基本生存◇The peasants depend on a good harvest for their very existence (= in order to continue to live).農民要依靠好收成才能勉強維持生活。➤mere存在本身◇The mere existence of these strange creatures fascinated him.這些奇特生物的存在本身就使他着迷。➤entire, whole全部／整個存續期間◇Throughout its entire existence, it has been a deeply contested concept.這一概念在其整個存在期間一直極受爭議。➤autonomous, independent, separate獨立存在；單獨存在◇any organism capable of independent existence能夠獨立存在的任何生物體➤human人類存在◇the mystery of human existence人類存在的奧秘➤material, physical物質存在；實體存在▸➤social社會存在➤earthly, mortal現世的／世俗的存在◇Christianity taught that our earthly existence was merely a preparation for life after death.基督教義說，我們現世的存在，只不過是為死後的來生做準備。VERB + EXISTENCE➤be in存在◇The idea has been in existence for centuries.這種觀念已經存在了好幾個世紀。➤have存在◇a virtual world that has no real existence並不真正存在的虛擬世界➤come into, pop into (NAmE, informal) , spring into開始存在；產生◇The organization came into existence ten years ago.這個組織成立於 10 年前。◇What are the chances of these molecules springing spontaneously into existence?這些分子自然形成的可能性有多大 ?➤fade from, fade out of, go out of消失；漸退；不再存在◇There was a fear that the club might go out of existence for lack of support.有人擔憂，這家俱樂部可能會因缺乏支持而倒閉。➤bring sth into, call sth into使⋯存在；使⋯出現◇They are striving to bring into existence a new kind of society.他們正努力創造一個新型社會。➤be aware of, know of意識到存在；知道存在▸➤be unaware of沒有意識到存在▸➤affirm, assert確認存在；斷言存在▸➤assume, posit, postulate, presuppose假想存在；假定存在◇The theory assumes the existence of a 'meritocracy'－that there is equal opportunity for all.這一理論假定“任人唯賢”的存在，即人人機會均等。➤accept, acknowledge, admit, admit to, believe in, recognize接受存在；承認存在；相信存在；意識到存在◇He didn't believe in the existence of God.他不相信上帝的存在。➤deny否認存在▸➤doubt懷疑存在▸➤question質疑存在◇She questioned the existence of God.她質疑上帝的存在。➤imply, indicate, suggest, support暗指／表明／暗示／支持存在◇There is research that strongly supports the existence of repressed memories.有研究充分表明，確實存在着受壓抑的記憶。➤discover, reveal發現存在；揭示存在▸➤confirm, demonstrate, establish, prove, validate, verify確認存在；證明存在；證實存在◇Scientists were able to verify the existence of this particle.科學家能夠證實這種粒子的存在。➤disprove反駁存在▸➤explain解釋存在◇How do you explain the existence of closely related species in widely separated locations?你如何解釋近親物種分佈在相距很遠的地方這一現象 ?➤justify證明存在的合理性▸➤forget, ignore忘記存在；漠視存在◇The girl's parents continued to ignore her very existence.女孩的父母繼續無視她的存在。➤endanger, jeopardize, threaten危及存在；威脅存在◇Climate changes threaten the continued existence of the species.氣候變化對這些物種的繼續生存構成了威脅。➤end終結存在◇He wanted to end his existence once and for all.他想以死一了百了。➤owe把存在歸因於◇The school owed its existence to the generosity of one man.學校得以存在歸功於一個人的慷慨。➤ensure, guarantee確保存在；保證存在➤maintain維持存在◇Let's battle on to maintain our existence.讓我們為生存而戰。➤be vital to對生存至關重要◇A super-efficient sense of smell is no longer vital to our existence.高度靈敏的嗅覺對我們的生存已不再必不可少。EXISTENCE + VERB➤depend on sth, depend upon sth存在依賴於⋯◇The company's existence depends on continued growth.公司的生存依靠持續的發展。PREPOSITION➤in existence存在◇the only instrument of its kind in existence這種工具現存的唯一一件PHRASES➤the struggle for existence生存競爭◇Darwin viewed the struggle for existence as being the major promoter of evolution.達爾文認為生存競爭是進化的主要推動力。
existence

noun²

 2way of living生存方式ADJECTIVE | VERB + EXISTENCE | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤bare, hand-to-mouth, meagre/meager, miserable, precarious勉強的／僅能餬口的／節儉的／悲慘的／朝不保夕的生活◇He lived a hand-to-mouth existence in the less attractive areas of London.他在倫敦的貧困區過着僅夠餬口的生活。➤comfortable, peaceful, quiet舒適的／平靜的／安寧的生活➤sheltered備受呵護的生活◇She had lived such a sheltered existence.她過着備受呵護的生活。➤middle-class中產階級的生活◇a comfortable middle-class existence中產階級的舒適生活➤meaningful有意義的生活◇his yearning for a more meaningful existence他對更加有意義的生活的向往➤boring, dull, humdrum, mundane無趣的／單調的／乏味的／平淡的生活➤pathetic, pitiful, wretched悲慘的／可憐的／不幸的生活➤meaningless沒有意義的生活▸➤empty, isolated, lonely, solitary空虛的／與世隔絕的／孤單的／獨居的生活▸➤nomadic遊牧生活▸➤rural, suburban, urban鄉村／郊區／城市生活▸➤daily, day-to-day, everyday日常生活；每日生活▸➤previous, prior前世◇He claimed to be able to remember a previous existence.他聲稱能記起上輩子的事。VERB + EXISTENCE➤enjoy, have, lead, live享受生活；過活▸➤eke out, endure勉強餬口；忍受生活◇They eke out a precarious existence foraging in the forest.他們靠在森林中搜尋食物維持着朝不保夕的生活。PHRASES➤a mode of existence生存方式◇the transition from one mode of existence to another從一種生存方式過渡到另一種生存方式
IELTS BNC: 1454 COCA: 2213
existence noun
⇨ life 1 (come into existence) ⇨ life 3 (a miserable existence)
IELTS BNC: 1454 COCA: 2213
existence
Existence and the length of time that something exists: existence, lifetime, life...
Ways of life: life, lifestyle, existence...

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