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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 316 COCA: 626

term

Word family 
Related topics: Education, Finance, Maths
term1 /tɜːm $ tɜːrm/ ●●● S1 W1 noun  
1  in terms of something CONNECTED WITHif you explain or describe something in terms of a particular fact or event, you are explaining or describing it only in relation to that fact or event 根据…来解释[描述]
describe/measure/evaluate etc something in terms of something
 Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty.
女性美仍然以美貌来界定。
 It’s a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions.
谈到佛罗里达只想到它是旅游胜地是不对的。
 It’s too early to start talking in terms of casualties.
现在就开始谈论伤亡人数为时过早。
in terms of what/how/who etc
 Did the experiment find any differences in terms of what children learned?
就儿童学到了什么而言，该实验是否发现了什么不同？
Examples from the Corpus
in terms of what/how/who etc• In the end, there is little change in terms of what children learn.• Another philosophical stance views children in terms of what they know-their strengths.• He sees it in terms of what might be.• Mainstream modernism has often measured its modernity in terms of how far it dispenses with nature / naturalism.• If you really want to get the job think only in terms of what you can do for your future employer.• How it works Simply follow the programme as laid out in terms of how often to walk and for how long.• And it is also good to think in terms of what bad things could happen.• We should have the communications people thinking in terms of how the President can articulate what the future might be.
2  in general/practical/financial etc terms PARTused to show that you are describing or considering a subject in a particular way or from a particular point of view 笼统地讲/从实际意义上来讲/从财政方面等来讲
in general/broad/simple etc terms
 We explain in simple terms what the treatment involves.
我们用简单的语言来解释治疗的内容。
 It would be wrong to describe society purely in economic terms.
单纯从经济角度来描述社会是错误的。
 The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy in ruins.
这场战争虽然军事上是胜利的，但是对经济却造成了毁灭性的破坏。
 What do these statistics mean in human terms?
这些统计数据从人类角度来讲有何意义？
in somebody’s terms
 In our terms, the scheme has not been a success.
从我们的角度来说，计划没有成功。
in real/absolute terms (=accurate, true, or including any related changes) 实际上
 Rail fares have fallen 17 per cent in real terms.
火车票价实际上降低了17%。
in relative terms (=compared with other, similar things) 相对来说
 Students have less money in relative terms, but spend more on books.
相对来说，学生钱少，但买书花的钱却较多。
Examples from the Corpus
in relative terms• The amount used on cooking is high in absolute as well as in relative terms.• This means that cats remain fertile longer than we do, in relative terms.• In this model power is seen in relative terms, hinging upon a process of bargaining and exchange.• They show in relative terms the savings in costs of production that are achieved by conversion.
3  word 字词 [countableC]WORD, PHRASE, OR SENTENCE a word or expression with a particular meaning, especially one that is used for a specific subject or type of language 专有名词；术语
term for
 ‘Multimedia’ is the term for any technique combining sounds and images.
“多媒体”一词是指任何能把声音和图像结合起来的技术。
in no uncertain terms (=in very clear and angry language) 措辞明确〔而带怒气〕地，毫不含糊地
 Journalists were told in no uncertain terms that they were not welcome.
记者们被明确告知，他们不受欢迎。
→ a contradiction in terms at contradiction(3)► see thesaurus at word
4  period of time 时段 [countableC]PERIOD OF TIME a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens 〔某人做某事或某事发生的〕时期，期限；任期
term of/in office (=the time someone spends doing an important job in government) 任期
 The mayor was coming to the end of his term in office.
市长任期将满。
term of
 the maximum term of imprisonment
最长的刑期
 The lease runs for a term of 99 years.
租赁的期限为99年。
prison/jail term
 The men each received a 30-year prison term.
这些男子每人获刑30年。
→ fixed-term
5  school/university 中小学/大学 [countableC, uncountableU] especially British EnglishBrESE one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into. In Britain, there are usually three terms in a year. 学期〔在英国，一年一般有三个学期〕 → half-term, semester, quarter
summer/autumn/spring term
 The exams are at the end of the summer term.
考试在夏季学期期末进行。
 Teachers often feel overworked in term time (=during the term).
教师在学期内经常觉得工作担子过重。
first/last day of term
 that all-important first day of term
开学第一天那个非常重要的日子
6  in the long/short/medium term used to say what will happen or what happens generally over a long, short, or medium period of time 长期/短期/中期
7  end 终止 [singular, uncountableU] technicalBF the end of a particular period of time 到期，期满
8  come to terms with something ACCEPTto accept an unpleasant or sad situation and no longer feel upset or angry about it 与某事妥协，对某事让步；接受〔令人不快或悲伤的现实〕
Examples from the Corpus
come to terms with the fact that• George and Elizabeth had come to terms with the fact that they would always be childless.• Some of us never quite come to terms with the fact that penises come in all shapes and sizes.
9  CONDITIONS 条件terms [plural]
Examples from the Corpus
on easy terms• Harvey maintains a continual easy-reading knowingness for his audience, an intimacy on easy terms with everything he talks about.
10  RELATIONSHIP 关系terms [plural] if you are on good, bad etc terms with someone, you have a good, bad etc relationship with them 〔与某人的〕关系
Examples from the Corpus
first-name terms• I got on first-name terms with the other managers-in-the-making.• Like others on first-name terms with the Princess, they know that this is one of her few safe havens.• On first-name terms, are we?
11  terms of reference formal the subjects that a person or group of people agree to consider 研究[考虑]范围
Examples from the Corpus
terms of reference• Although it has no formal terms of reference, its discussions principally concern grants and expenditure levels.• Even within its own terms of reference, the positivist approach has problems.• The matter will be governed by the terms of reference and the procedure established, together with any code of conduct adopted.• Both sides have to agree on the terms of reference before there can be a trade deal.• As a result, the terms of reference will be sold beginning at an undetermined date no later than April 1.• By the end of the seventeenth century, in Newton's science, the terms of reference had changed.• The terms of reference for the phone concessions were to go on sale Monday.• Those terms of reference seem to suit the Secretary of State down to the ground.• Thus, terms of reference for the study will be established, and the scope and extent of the investigation defined.
12. number/sign 数字/符号 [countableC] technicalHM one of the numbers or signs used in a mathematical calculation 〔数学运算中的〕项
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: a word or expression with a particular meaning, especially one that is used for a specific subject or type of language 专有名词；术语
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + term
a legal/medical term 法律/医学术语
The site provides a glossary of legal terms.
该网站提供法律术语表。
a technical term 专门术语
‘Gender’ is a technical term in grammar.
“性”是语法上的一个术语。
a slang term 俚语
‘The Old Bill’ is a slang term for the police.
是俚语，指警察。
a derogatory/pejorative term (=one that is insulting or disapproving) 贬义词
n‘Pinko’ is a derogatory term for someone with socialist ideas.
verbs
use a term 用词
a term used by psychiatrists
精神科医生用的一个词
coin a term (=invent it) 创造术语
Funk coined the term ‘vitamin’ in 1912.
芬克在1912年创造了“维生素”这个术语。
phrases
a term of abuse (=a word that is offensive or deliberately rude) 骂人话 ‘
‘Geek’ is used as a term of abuse.
geek被用作骂人话。
a term of endearment (=a word that expresses your love for someone) 爱称
terms of endearment like ‘love’, ‘dear’, and ‘honey’
“爱人”、“亲爱的”、“宝贝”等爱称
in strong terms 用激烈的言辞
The pope condemned both Nazism and Communism in strong terms.
教皇用激烈的言辞谴责纳粹主义。
in glowing terms (=praising someone or something highly) 用热情洋溢的语言
nFriends and relatives speak of him in glowing terms.
in layman’s terms (=using ordinary words, not technical words) 用通俗易懂的语言
nCan you explain to me in layman’s terms how my computer works?
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 4: a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens 〔某人做某事或某事发生的〕时期，期限；任期
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + term
a prison/jail term
He faced a maximum prison term of 25 years.
a five-year/ten-year term
The president is elected for a five-year term.
a fixed term
The contract was for a fixed term of five years.
a maximum/minimum term
The maximum term was life imprisonment.
phrases
a term of/in office
The governor ends his term of office in September.
a term of imprisonment/detention
She was sentenced to a long term of imprisonment.
verbs
serve a term
She served a term as chairwoman of the council.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 5: one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into. In Britain, there are usually three terms in a year. 学期〔在英国，一年一般有三个学期〕
phrases
the beginning/start of term
The beginning of term was only two days away.
the end of term
We had a party at the end of term.
the first/last day of term
On the last day of term we went home early.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + term
a school/university term
The school term was about to start.
a new term
Are you looking forward to the new term?
the spring/summer/autumn term
Mrs Collins will be leaving us at the end of the summer term.
phrases
in/during term time
Parents need permission to take their children on holiday during term time.
Examples from the Corpus
term• "Limited English Proficient" is a term used for students who can speak some English.• It's very difficult to give a definition of a term like 'cyberspace'.• As a graduate student, he spent a term at Wichita State University.• These are terms used in digital electronics to designate the basic logical operations on which digital systems are founded.• The managers were all hired for a fixed term.• He is halfway into his term of office.• Mr Toplak had just started his term as vice-president of the company.• Its terms and implications are unmistakably authoritarian.• She had her jail term cut for good behaviour.• Any outstanding debt repayment requirements and / or restrictive covenants on long term debt agreements are additional important. considerations.• Political dissidents are sentenced to long terms of imprisonment.• The medical term for losing your hair is 'alopecia'.• He hopes to visit China during his second term in office.• The main exams are at the end of the summer term.• How can the terms and conditions of every carrier and each transaction be made readily available to all the holders?• The bank says that they can extend the term of our mortgage.• Officials now are trying to extend the term of the loan by two years.• Harris used the term "crisis" to describe the company's financial situation.• Mr Hicks used the term 'neighbourhood schools' for what in effect were segregated black schools.• The term is used to describe grace periods that often go into effect when new geographic area codes are set up.• The terms of the disposition agreement with the committee are still being negotiated, they said.• The Democrats are hoping to deny him a third term in office.• General Herrera was elected to a third term of office as President.• Now I had to start thinking in world terms, for those Championships were coming in 1987.• Members are nationals of and nominated by the Parties and serve for four-year terms.• Elected members of the House of Assembly serve a six-year term.• Malik is now serving a three-year term in prison.• He recently completed a two-year term as chairman.
in no uncertain terms• But DuPonceau does venture to contradict, and in no uncertain terms.• The president of the university condemned racism on campus in no uncertain terms.• That night they told her, in no uncertain terms, to go for it.• You've got to let him know, in no uncertain terms, that you will no longer tolerate his abuse.• They let us know in no uncertain terms that we were not welcome.• Well, there was nothing for it, I had to lay down the law in no uncertain terms.• She wanted nothing at all from her father and she was about to tell Alain Lemarchand so in no uncertain terms.• He had found them scruffy, and had said so in no uncertain terms.• What is more, she said so - in no uncertain terms.• Those coming into leadership are told in no uncertain terms what their task is to be.• We were told in no uncertain terms that we were not welcome at their house.• This means that we are going to lock you up, in no uncertain terms.
full term• Only one president served a full term before turning over the office to another military dictator.• From the seventh month onwards, with adequate care, a child born before full term has a good chance of survival.• Trent Lott, R-Miss., who was elected to his first full term as majority leader last month.• They end up simply serving out the full term of their sentence, unless affected by the various amnesties.• So, the selected conception was implanted, and the pregnancy went to full term.• Only Ronald Reagan, . a professional actor, has served two full terms.• IFAs say that if you are within five years of maturity, you should probably hang on until full term.
term2 ●○○ verb [transitiveT]  
NAME OF A THINGto use a particular word or expression to name or describe something 把…称为，把…叫做
be termed something
 This condition is sometimes termed RSI, or repetitive strain injury.
这种疾病有时称为RSI，即重复性劳损。
 These developments are loosely termed ‘advanced manufacturing techniques’.
这些开发成果被泛泛地称作“先进的生产技术”。
term yourself something
 Roosevelt termed himself and his policies ‘liberal’.
罗斯福称他本人和他推行的政策是“开明的”。
n Grammar
Term is often used in the passive.
Examples from the Corpus
term• Lukens apologized for what he termed "a dumb mistake."• If a network can pass outputs only to the next layer, it is termed a feedforward network.• Seifert termed his relationship with Walsh as "good."• We termed it thus because the depression arose from role performance and not from their psychopathology.• This process is termed nectar robbery and has been shown in Corydalis, a spurred flower.• In 1989 Nixon and Koch described a manometric pattern they termed recurrent autonomous oesophageal peristalsis.
loosely termed• No environment has proved so fertile a ground for such phenomena as what is loosely termed commercial women's fiction.• A significant feature of this narrative as a whole is the division between what might be loosely termed descriptive and actional frames.• They are loosely termed I-Control, I-Pursue, I-Explore and I-Preserve.• A major pattern of disagreement centres on the distribution of what were loosely termed the descriptive and actional frames of the story.
From Longman Business Dictionary
termterm1 /tɜːmtɜːrm/ noun
1[countableC] a word or expression that has a particular meaning, especially in a technical or scientific subject
a glossary of business terms
term for
Multimedia is the industry term for any technique that uses computers to combine sound and images.
2in real terms a change of a price or cost in real terms has been calculated to include the effects of other changes such as INFLATION (=price rises over time)
Cocoa prices fell to their lowest in real terms for over 50 years.
3[countableC]COMMERCELAW one of the conditions of an agreement, contract, or other legal document
Under the terms of the contract, the company was to deliver 1,000 megawatts of electricity to New York.
→ delivery terms → draft terms → express term → fleet terms → implied term → price terms → settlement terms
4terms [plural]COMMERCE the conditions under which you agree to buy or sell something
You may be able to find another policy offering the same cover on more favourable terms (=more cheaply, with easier ways to pay etc).
→ account terms → credit terms → payment terms → preferential terms → settlement terms → trade terms
5on equal terms/on the same terms having the same advantages, rights etc as anyone else
US companies want to be able to compete on equal terms with their overseas rivals.
6terms of reference [plural] the agreed limits of what an official committee or report has been asked to study
The matter of compensation is not within the committee’s terms of reference.
7in the long/short/medium term over a period of time from now until a long, short etc time into the future
The company’s prospects look good in the long term.
→ see also long-term, medium-term, short-term
8[countableC] a period of time for which someone has an important job or position, or that a government has power
The chairman’s term is six years.
The President hopes to be elected to a second term of office.
9[singular] the period of time that a legal right or agreement continues for
term of
New legislation would lengthen the term of patent protection to 20 years.
Expenses are refundable over the term of the contract (=during the time that it continues).
10[singular]FINANCE the period of time before something has to be paid or repaid
We’re trying to extend the term on our mortgage.
term of
a promissory note with a term of 6 months
11[singular]COMMERCE the end of the period of a business agreement
The policy reaches its term next year.
12[singular]INSURANCE the period of time that an insurance contract lasts for, especially when this is less than one year
13[countableC]STATISTICS one of the numbers or signs used in a mathematical calculation
termterm2 verb [transitiveT]
to use a particular word or expression to name or describe something
He discussed the formation of what he termed ‘strategic alliances’.
termterm3 adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
term deposit/loan etcFINANCE money that is put in a bank or a loan that is given for a particular length of time
US dollar term deposits can be an excellent investment choice for you.
Its credit line was converted to a term loan that matures Oct. 31.
Origin term1
(1200-1300) Old French terme “edge, limit, end”, from Latin terminus
term1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2
→n COLLOCATIONS3term2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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