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lay

Word family 
lay1 /leɪ/ verb   → ley
1.the past tense of lie1 lie1的过去式
Examples from the Corpus
lay• She laid $10 on the favorite, Golden Boy.• It does little more than lay a foundation of principles.• She lay against the pillows, her whole body numb.• He lay down against a wall.• He was laid down on brittle pampas grass and then manhandled by the creatures.• Moyers laid his case before the public.• She unfolded the map and laid it on the table.• Hey, I told him to lay off of me in practice.• Before you start packing, lay out all the clothes on the bed.• There had been long weeks when he lay sunk in gloom and introspection.• Farley laid the gun down and surrendered.• He laid the money on the table as they walked out to the stoop.• Turtles lay their eggs on the beach at night.• It was as if a fall lay within her that she wasn't able to make.
Related topics: Birds
lay2 ●●● S1 W2 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp laid /leɪd/)  
1  put SB/STH down 把某人/某物放下 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]PUT to put someone or something down carefully into a flat position 安放，放置 SYN place
 He laid his hand on my shoulder.
他把一只手搭在我的肩上。
 They laid a wreath at the place where so many people died.
他们在这么多人丧生的地方放了一个花圈。
 Lay the material flat on the table.
把布料平铺在桌上。
► see thesaurus at put
2  lay bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc PUTto put or fasten bricks, a carpet etc in the correct place, especially on the ground or floor 砌砖/铺地毯/铺水泥/铺设电缆等
 The carpet was laid last week.
地毯是上个星期铺的。
 The project involved laying an oil pipeline across the desert.
这个工程包括铺设一条穿越沙漠的输油管道。
Examples from the Corpus
lay bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc• During the week I found work in town painting houses, laying carpets and delivering telephone books.• Compact the base, then lay concrete, using a 1 cement to 5 parts ballast mix.• Trying to raise efficiency and morale without first setting this structure to rights is like trying to lay bricks without mortar.• Why didn't he lay concrete you ask?
3  bird/insect etc 鸟/昆虫等 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]HBB if a bird, insect etc lays eggs, it produces them from its body 下(蛋)；产(卵)
 The flies lay their eggs on decaying meat.
苍蝇在腐肉上产卵。
 A cuckoo is able to lay in a range of different nests.
杜鹃能在许多个不同的鸟巢里下蛋。
4  table 餐桌 [transitiveT] British EnglishBrEDF to put the cloth, plates, knives, forks etc on a table, ready for a meal 摆放〔餐具〕 SYN set
 John was laying the table.
约翰正在摆放餐具。
 As she spoke, she was laying him a place at the table.
她一边说，一边给他在餐桌上摆放餐具。
5  lay the foundations/groundwork/base to provide the conditions that will make it possible for something to happen or be successful 打基础
lay the foundations/groundwork/base for
 Mandela helped lay the foundations for a new democratic South Africa.
曼德拉为建立新的民主南非打下了基础。
 It was an invention which laid the foundations of modern radio technology.
这一发明为现代无线电技术奠定了基础。
Examples from the Corpus
lay the foundations/groundwork/base• He laid the foundations by cutting one percent off interest rates, scrapping special car tax, and boosting the housing industry.• Because Save the Children want to lay the foundations for a better future.• The defense Monday seemed to lay the groundwork for an argument about damages.• Will took advantage of this opportunity to lay the groundwork for his epitaph.• He said he hoped they had laid the foundations for peace - but admitted obstacles could lie ahead.• Then the elite persuaded the newly elected mayor to appoint a committee to lay the groundwork for redevelopment.• Progress in primary schools has laid the foundations for the drive to raise standards in secondary schools, announced last month.• One of my officials chairs the experts committee that laid the groundwork for this achievement.
6  give information 提供信息 [transitiveT] formalACCUSE to make a statement, give information etc in an official or public way 提出，提交 SYN put
 Several proposals have been laid before the committee.
数项建议已提交委员会。
7  lay emphasis/stress on something EMPHASIZE formal to emphasize something because you believe it is very important 强调某事物
 a political philosophy that lays great stress on individual responsibility
着重强调个人责任的政治哲学
Examples from the Corpus
lay emphasis/stress on something• She said that her interview had laid stress on personal circumstances rather than experience and qualifications.• In addition to the need for humility, discipline and singleminded devotion in the quest for Truth Gandhi lays stress on prayer.• In the matter of ultimate aesthetic evaluation it laid stress on the intuitive response of the general public.
8  lay a hand/finger on somebody [usually in negatives] to touch someone with the intention of hurting them 对某人动手
 I swear I didn’t lay a finger on him.
我发誓我没有对他动过一根手指头。
 If you lay one hand on me, I’ll scream.
你要是碰我一下，我就要叫了。
Examples from the Corpus
lay a hand/finger on somebody• He wouldn't dare lay a finger on any of us.• The odds are that the young man would not have laid a finger on her, but what if ...?• If she laid a hand on him, what could he do besides run for it?• I lay a hand on his chest and felt him breathe, mile after mile through the Kentucky night.• I laid a hand on his hair.• Some one laid a hand on me.• Stuyvesant responded by laying hands on To bias Feake, who delivered the document, arresting and eventually banishing him.
9  lay something bare/open 
a) to show what something is really like, or stop hiding facts, feelings etc 使某事暴露
 Every aspect of their private life has been laid bare.
他们私生活的每一个方面都暴露无遗。
b) to remove the thing that is covering or hiding something else 使某物露出
 When the tide goes out, vast stretches of sand are laid bare.
潮水退去，露出大片大片的沙地。
Examples from the Corpus
lay something bare/open• Krushchev laid bare Stalin's crimes.• New bricks were removed, laying bare the old foundations.
10  lay somebody/something open to something RISKto do something that makes it possible for other people to blame you, criticize you etc 使某人/某物受到责备[批评]
lay yourself open to something
 By doing that, he laid himself open to ridicule.
他那么做招来了大家的嘲笑。
 Not to have taken action would have laid the department open to charges of negligence.
要是当初这个部门没有采取行动，肯定会招来玩忽职守罪的指控。
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody/something open to something• Not to have taken action, she said, would have laid her department open to a charge of negligence.• It is not difficult to see how this approach lays itself open to abuse and drastic criticism.• This would amount to a breach of their contract of employment and lay them open to disciplinary proceedings.• If he had said he was acting under his own authority, he would have laid himself open to ridicule.• It is not only those who dismiss the arts as self-indulgent who lay themselves open to such a charge.• Is it something you should do, or do you lay yourself open to terrible legal proceedings?• And he has laid himself wide open to the kind of criticism that will cloak him in a dark shroud of misery.• The Evangelicals have become a powerful influence in the land and this lays them open to the wooing of politicians.
11  lay waste something  (also lay waste to something) formal to destroy or damage something, especially in a war 〔尤指战争中〕把某物摧毁[夷为平地]
12  lay plans/a trap etc PLANto carefully prepare all the details of something 制订计划/设圈套等
Examples from the Corpus
lay plans/a trap etc• And the speaker may be totally unaware of laying a trap.• Clare wouldn't put it past Sam to use a rat to lay a trap for her.
13  lay claim to (doing) something to say that something belongs to you or say that you deserve something 声称对某物的拥有权；声称有权做某事
Examples from the Corpus
lay claim to (doing) something• This latter idea could lay claim to a basis in ideas of collegiality - but only of a limited nature.• Initially these had been one hundred and seventy-five men and twenty-five horses laying claim to an empire of fourteen million.• They seem to lay claim to being purely of the mind's eye, a manifestation of pure objectivity.• I'd guess it also can lay claim to the oldest leader of a still-functioning organisation today.• Dole himself did not expect to lay claim to the title of presumptive nominee until after the March 26 primary in California.• With his victory in Florida officially certified, Bush announced new moves to lay claim to the White House.
14  lay siege to somebody/something 
Examples from the Corpus
lay siege to somebody/something• After his victory Edward rallied his troops and marched north to lay siege to Calais.• In 476 they laid siege to Eion, which guarded the Strymon bridge.• In June 1176 Richard laid siege to Limoges; after a few days resistance Aimar's citadel capitulated.• In less than two generations, since the Second World War, they have laid siege to the academic world.• He laid siege to the fortress and gradually weakened it to the point of collapse.• Almost ten years had passed since they had first laid siege to the town, and it seemed as strong as ever.• She had laid siege to the typists' room for some minutes before Marshall had persuaded her downstairs.
15  HAVE SEX 发生性行为get laid informalSEX/HAVE SEX WITH to have sex with someone 与…性交
Examples from the Corpus
get laid• Some guys are just looking to get laid.• A: Yes, San Francisco was the place you came to get laid.• And, of course, the sexiest man iii the world is never gon na get laid.• Guys who want to get laid.• I had eight hours to get laid.• If you can't get loved, get laid.• Marxism can be a way to get rich or get laid.• They came to read Dante, drink wine, sit in the sun and get laid.• I can get laid any day of the week right here at home.
16. lie 平躺 [intransitiveI] spoken to be in a position in which you are flat – some people consider this use to be incorrect 平躺〔有些人认为此用法错误〕 SYN lie
17  risk money 赌钱 [transitiveT] especially British EnglishBrERISK to risk an amount of money on the result of a race, sports game etc 押〔赌注〕；用…打赌 SYN bet
18  lay somebody/something on the line 
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody/something on the line• I laid it on the line.• You give somebody else a chance, and guys lay it on the line for you.• I couldn't blame her; she'd laid things on the line from the start, as I had.• And Moonshake lay theirs on the line. right now; today, not yesterday.
19  lay something at the door of somebody/something  (also lay something at somebody’s door) to blame something or someone for something 把某事归咎于某人/某事
20  lay somebody low 
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody low• The infection laid her low for a month.
21  lay somebody to rest formal to bury someone after they have died 安葬某人
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody to rest• At nightfall she was tired and lay down to rest.• Rather it attempted to lay the movement to rest.• We can't even lay him to rest.• Without proof I should really lay the idea to rest.• Then she lay down to rest in the lounge, surrounded by other women who even here never stopped talking.• She was laid to rest next to her husband, who died in 1993.• She took the pills and lay down to rest with her eyes closed.
22. lay the ghost (of something) GET RID OFto finally stop being worried or upset by something from the past 摆脱(某事的)阴影
Examples from the Corpus
lay the ghost (of something)• Max So-you've laid the ghost.
→ lay your hands on something at hand1(18), → lay the blame on somebody/something at blame2, → put/lay your cards on the table at card1(13)
5 GRAMMAR 语法: lay, lie
The verb lay always has an object, except in sense 3. Its basic meaning is ‘put something down on something’. 除义项3之外，动词lay均需有一个宾语。 其基本义为 “放置(某物)”
She lays a silk cloth over the table.
她将一块真丝台布铺在桌上 。
The verb lie does not have an object. Its basic meaning is ‘be or get into a horizontal position somewhere’. 动词lie不带宾语。 其基本义为 “平放在某处”
She was lying (NOT 不说 laying) on her back.
她仰卧着。
Lie down here for a while.
在这儿躺一会儿。
Lay is also the past tense of lie. lay也是lie的过去式
I lay on the bed and tried to relax.
我躺在床上，想放松一下。
The past tense of lay is laid. lay的过去式是 laid
She laid the baby on the bed.
她把宝宝放到床上。
n GRAMMAR: Comparison
lay
You lay something somewhere:
She lays a lace cloth over the table.
✗Don’t say: She lies a lace cloth over the table.
You lay someone somewhere:
Lay him down gently.
Lay is also the past tense of lie:
I lay on the bed.
✗Don’t say: I laid on the bed.
lie
Someone lies somewhere:
She was lying on her back.
Let’s just lie here for a while.
✗Don’t say:
She was laying on her back. | Let’s just lay here for a while.
The past tense of lie is laid:
She laid the baby in its cot.
✗Don’t say: She lay the baby in its cot.
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
lay• It does little more than lay a foundation of principles.• She lay against the pillows, her whole body numb.• He lay down against a wall.• He was laid down on brittle pampas grass and then manhandled by the creatures.• Hey, I told him to lay off of me in practice.• He laid the money on the table as they walked out to the stoop.• It was as if a fall lay within her that she wasn't able to make.
Lay ... flat• Maude took a scat at the end of the table and laid her hands flat on the dark mahogany.• Melanie was waiting by the Transit holding two sleeping-bags, the sort that you can unzip and lay flat.• There was more scrub there, but not enough for anyone to hide, unless they lay flat.• She spread out her towel and lay flat, adjusting her sunglasses against the glare above.• Spread the sail and lay it flat as possible with the underside uppermost.• Amazingly, she slipped into a gap between the tracks and lay flat as the Intercity 125 rumbled over her.• The wick lay almost flat in a perilously small amount of wax.• They lay flat, under fire.
lay ... eggs• Adults grow to varying sizes, depending on food available, and lay eggs in late summer.• They lay their eggs in midwinter, incubating their eggs and chicks through many blizzards.• Instead, it lays its eggs in nests of other birds, and depends on others to hatch and raise its young.• And they mate, laying their eggs in the shallow tepid pools.• In the Nematoda, the sexes are separate and the males are generally smaller than the females which lay eggs or larvae.• She was laying her eggs; the drones were feeding her.• These females do not lay eggs; they give birth to young aphids, all of which are females.• They will come flying up against the wind and lay their eggs, which will soon turn into white grubs.
laying the table• But when she turned round, he was laying the table.• Thérèse and Léonie were laying the table.• In the kitchen Anne and Millie are laying the table for dinner, talking seriously.• Molly went on laying the table, placing knives and forks neatly as though her sanity depended on it.
lay money (that)• It was the talking point of the station, she would lay money on that.
Related topics: Christianity
lay3 ●○○ adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1 
a) NOT KNOWnot trained or not knowing much about a particular profession or subject 非专业的，外行的 → layman
 lay witnesses
普通证人，非专家证人
b) RRCRELIGIONnot in an official position in the church 非神职的，世俗的
 a lay preacher
俗世的传道人，平信徒传道人
Examples from the Corpus
lay• On the other hand, there is the lay congregation, to whom biblical scholarship is totally unknown territory.• The churches were bereft of most of their clergy and many of their most able lay members.• a lay minister• At the same time, Louis summoned a series of assemblies involving both bishops and lay nobles.• To the lay observer, these technical terms are incomprehensible.• The worship incorporates dreams, healing, trances, and a high degree of lay participation.• In contrast, many elders - leading lay people - are politically more conservative.• With his dark good looks and meticulous personal style, he made a lasting, if rather forbidding impression on lay people.• A non-conformist lay preacher, he fought the November byelection.
Related topics: Literature
lay4 noun [countableC]  
1  the lay of the land 
Examples from the Corpus
the lay of the land• He's got to get the lay of the land before he makes any decisions.• A lot of people, especially those new to the city, have no concept of the lay of the land.
2  the lay of something the appearance of something and where each part of it is 某事物的外部情况
Examples from the Corpus
the lay of something• Failure to recognise slopes until committed to landing Make a point of looking for the lay of the surrounding countryside.• It was therefore an important moment when Tolkien gave Lewis the Lay of Leithian to read in manuscript.• A lot of people, especially those new to the city, have no concept of the lay of the land.
3. be a good/quick/easy etc lay informalSEX/HAVE SEX WITH to be a good, quick etc person to have sex with 是个淫荡的人
Examples from the Corpus
be a good/quick/easy etc lay• I don't deny it was a good lay.
4. literaryAL a poem or song 诗；歌
Examples from the Corpus
lay• And the great lays - you can learn them, meantime.• Failure to recognise slopes until committed to landing Make a point of looking for the lay of the surrounding countryside.
From Longman Business Dictionary
laylay /leɪ/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp laid)
→ lay somebody → off
→ lay something → out
Origin lay3
(1300-1400) Old French lai, from Late Latin laicus, from Greek laikos “of the people”, from laos “people”
 lay4
1. (1800-1900) LAY1
2. (1200-1300) Old French lai
lay1 verblay2 verb
→10-22

→n GRAMMAR1 →5 GRAMMAR2 →n GRAMMAR3 →PHRASAL VERBS1lay3 adjectiveadjlay4 noun
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

See also: lie

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