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none

none1 /nʌn/ ●●● S1 W2 pronoun   → nun
1  NONE/NOTHINGnot any amount of something or not one of a group of people or things 全无，没有一点
 I wish I could offer you some cake but there’s none left.
我真想能请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩的了。
 Although these were good students, none had a score above 60.
虽然这些都是好学生，但是没有一个考到60分以上。
 She waited for a reply, but none came.
她等着答复，可是什么也没等到。
 Even an old car is better than none.
有一辆旧车也比没有车强。
none of
 Despite her illness, she had lost none of her enthusiasm for life.
尽管身患疾病，但她对生活的热情丝毫未减。
 I know what people are saying – but none of it is true.
我知道人们在说什么，但都不是真的。
 None of my friends phones me anymore.
再也没有朋友给我打电话了。
none at all/none whatsoever
 ‘Was there any mail?’ ‘No, none at all.’
“有没有信件？”“没，一封也没有。”
2  will/would have none of something  (also be having none of something)FORBID used to say that someone refuses to allow someone to do something or to behave in a particular way 坚决不允许某人(做)某事；不接受某人(做)某事
 We offered to pay our half of the cost but Charles would have none of it.
我们提出我们那一半费用自己出，但是查尔斯坚决不答应。
Examples from the Corpus
will/would have none of something• Pott would have none of it and, with the aid of his old friend Nourse, successfully set it himself.• But Kaptan would have none of it.• Surprised and shocked, the Soviet government would have none of it.• The world was going crazy and, or so it seemed, Trumptonshire would have none of it.• Stark would have none of that.• Kronecker would have none of this.
3  none but somebody literaryONLY only a particular person or type of person 只有某人(才…)
 a task that none but a man of genius could accomplish
只有天才方能完成的任务
4  none other than somebody SURPRISEDused to emphasize that the person involved in something is famous, impressive, or surprising 正是某人〔表示强调〕
 The mystery guest turned out to be none other than Cher herself.
神秘嘉宾原来就是雪儿她本人。
Examples from the Corpus
none other than somebody• Out of this union Persephone bears none other than Dionysos.• Faithless is the result of a close collaboration between Ullmann and her scriptwriter, who is none other than Ingmar Bergman.• That haunted offspring turns out to be none other than large Lawrence, in this raucous spoof of trash television.• It includes an early set of variations by none other than Ludwig van Beethoven, the program's one big name.• Why, look, gentlemen, it is none other than our young Pascal.• Another of McGrath's novels, Asylum, is being adapted for the screen by none other than Stephen King.• Its components are none other than the economic, political, military, royal, and bureaucratic branches of the social order.• Sources say Gumbel was summoned there by none other than the potentate of Microsoft himself, Bill Gates.
→ nonetheless, → second to none at second1(5), → bar none at bar3(2)
5 GRAMMAR 语法
When you are using none of before a plural noun or pronoun, you can use a plural or singular verb after it. You should use a singular verb in formal writing. none of用于复数的名词或代词之前，后面可以用复数或单数动词，在正式文体中则应用单数动词
None of us care (OR 或 cares) what happens to him.
我们谁都不关心他怎么了。
Do not use another negative word (eg ‘not’) with none. none不应与其他否定词(如not)连用
None of us is able to escape the consequences of our actions.
我们谁都无法逃避自己行为所带来的后果。
Use none to talk about a group of three or more things or people. none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物
We got 3 points and they got none (NOT 不说 they didn’t get none).
我们得了三分，他们一分未得。
To talk about two things or people, use neither. 指两个人或物，用neither
I didn’t want any of them (NOT 不说 I didn’t want none of them).
这些我全都不要 。
None of my friends came.
我的朋友一个都没来。
Neither of my parents wanted me to marry him.
我的父母都不想让我嫁给他。
n Grammar
Negatives
Don’t use another negative word such as ‘not’ with none. You say:
We got 3 points and they got none.
我们得了三分，他们一分未得。
✗Don’t say: We got 3 points and they didn’t get none.
You can say not ... any instead of none:
We got 3 points and they didn’t get any.
Singular or plural verb?
You use none of before a plural noun or pronoun and a singular verb:
None of us is able to escape the consequences of our actions.
我们谁都无法逃避自己行为所带来的后果。
In informal English, people often use a plural verb after none of:
None of us care what happens to him.
我们谁都不关心他怎么了。
 USAGE: None, neither
You use none to talk about a group of three or more things or people: none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物
None of my friends came.
我的朋友一个都没来。
You use neither to talk about two things or people: 指两个人或物，用neither
Neither of my parents wanted me to go.
我的父母都不想让我嫁给他。
Examples from the Corpus
none of• She had inherited none of her mother's beauty.
none2 adverbadv  
1  none the worse/better etc (for something) NOTnot any worse, better etc than before (某事)一点也没有变得更差/更好等
 She seems none the worse for her experience.
这次经历好像对她没有什么不良影响。
Examples from the Corpus
none the worse/better etc (for something)• Although the animal glowed rosy-pink, it appeared none the worse for its ordeal.• I recovered, my mouth none the worse for it, after all.• Peter's little pet was clearly none the worse for its time in the underworld.
2  none the wiser not having any more understanding or knowledge about something than you had before 仍然不明白
 I was none the wiser after his explanation.
他解释过后我还是不明白。
Examples from the Corpus
none the wiser• I've read the instructions, but I'm still none the wiser.• They replaced the painting with a copy and the public was none the wiser.• After spending $ 88m in his two bids, he seemed none the wiser.• Tommy, unable to read, is none the wiser.• This goes on for several hours, and Blue is none the wiser for his efforts.
3  none too NOTnot at all 一点也不
 I was none too pleased to have to take the exam again.
我要重考一次，根本高兴不起来。
Examples from the Corpus
none too• And she was none too anxious to hear about the show.• Twenty years ago the treasurer's job was simple and none too arduous.• That a young boy of none too comfortable means would be impressed by all this worldly expertise is not difficult to imagine.• She saw the stragglers gather, none too enthusiastically, but not unwillingly, either, and waited for the last-comers.• His spiritual advisers were none too happy with his reliance on pagan practices, nor probably was his court favourite Buckingham.• In consequence, the level of the Party's blood sugar was low; their expectations none too high.• If the result is none too pleasant, it's time to do something about it.• Flavia, none too practised herself, managed to get the number.
Examples from the Corpus
none• If the result is none too pleasant, it's time to do something about it.
Origin none1
Old English nan, from ne- “not” + an “one”
none1 pronoun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→USAGE1none2 adverbadv
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