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TOEFL BNC: 5346 COCA: 4197

ruin

Word family 
Related topics: Finance
ru·in1 /ˈruːɪn/ ●●○ S3 verb [transitiveT]
1  SPOILto spoil or destroy something completely 毀壞，毀掉，糟蹋
This illness has ruined my life.
這個病毀掉了我的生活。
His career would be ruined.
他的事業將被毀掉。
All this mud’s going to ruin my shoes.
這泥巴會把我的鞋弄壞。
► see thesaurus at destroy, spoil
2  BFMONEYto make someone lose all their money 使破産
Jefferson was ruined by the lawsuit.
傑弗遜因爲那場官司傾家蕩産。
→ ruined
Examples from the Corpus
ruin• I thought my career, my friendships and my whole life was ruined.• Surely you don't want to ruin all our good work, do you?• Many firms have been ruined by hasty decisions.• The Zimmerman's house was ruined by the flood.• The rain had ruined her best velvet skirt.• She is still angry with the suppliers, who she says ruined her by failing to deliver on time.• Phelps's mistake has ruined her chances of winning the championship.• The incident has all but ruined her financially.• She almost hated them for ruining her life.• In college he loved a young girl of a lower class and ruined her; she died a suicide.• Alcohol and drugs almost ruined his career.• And if you are ruined, Mr Dollington, it will be by your own hand.• Patty's ex-boyfriend is ruining our relationship.• I've seen a lot of good coppers ruined that way.• A long strike would ruin the company.• Serious in-fighting ruined the Conservatives' chances of winning the election.• But this would have ruined the entire tax system.• John and Sandy argued all the time, which completely ruined the evening for the rest of us.• The only thing that ruined the game for me was the time it took to load each room.• Protestors say that the proposed new airport will ruin this peaceful area.• How can you prevent stomach upsets from ruining your holiday?• Don't use harsh soap to wash your face. It will ruin your skin.
ruin2 ●●○ noun
1  [uncountableU]FAIL a situation in which you have lost all your money, your social position, or the good opinion that people had about you 破産；垮台；身敗名裂
small businesses facing financial ruin
面臨破産的小企業
be on the road to ruin (=be doing something that will make you lose your money, position etc) 正在走向毀滅
→4  See picture of 見圖 ruin
2  [countableC] (also ruins)TBCREMAIN/BE LEFT the part of a building that is left after the rest has been destroyed 殘垣斷壁，廢墟
an interesting old ruin
一處有意思的古老廢墟
the ruins of a bombed-out office block
被炸毀的辦公樓的廢墟
3  the ruins of something DESTROYthe parts of something such as an organization, system, or set of ideas that remain after the rest have been destroyed 〔組織、體制、思想等的〕殘餘部分
the ruins of a government that once held so much promise
曾經大有希望的一個政府的殘餘力量
Examples from the Corpus
the ruins of something• Walking amongst the ruins of an ancient city, for example, it is impossible to gain an overall impression of the layout.• However, the ruins of the old city are clearly visible, stretching along the coast and over half a mile inland.• The party was held in the ruins of Persepolis, which was built by Darius and burned by Alexander the Great.• They created a stable and prosperous society on the ruins of the old totalitarian regime.• They had now reached the ruins of the temple.• In a thousand years, archaeologists will be digging through the ruins of what was once San Francisco.• Construction was halted when excavation work on the baroque square unearthed the ruins of a medieval synagogue destroyed in 1421.• Finally-and Stillman dwelled upon this at great length-whoever looked upon the ruins of the Tower was believed to forget everything he knew.• The countryside here is dotted with the ruins of churches the government has torn down or blown up in recent weeks.
4  be/lie in ruins 
a) TBBDESTROYif a building is in ruins, it has fallen down or been badly damaged 〔建築物〕倒塌，破敗不堪
b) FAILif someone’s life, a country’s economy etc is in ruins, it is affected by very great problems 〔生活、國家經濟等〕崩潰，垮掉
Her marriage was in ruins.
她的婚姻破裂了。
Examples from the Corpus
be/lie in ruins• Large rural areas lay in ruins.• Whole blocks of the city were in ruins after the war.• Our economy lies in ruins.• Elizabeth Jarvis said it was like St Paul's Cathedral, miraculously saved while all around it lay in ruins.• Abingdon's trade had been waning for some time, with its fulling mills lying in ruins and unemployment rife by 1538.• He thought the surrounding towns must lie in ruins now, too.• The centrepiece was a gradual revaluation of the lira against the dollar-a strategy which now lies in ruins.• It was to lie in ruins for another sixty-one years.• I have said, and I say again, that Trantor will lie in ruins within the next five centuries.
5  fall into ruin  (also go to ruin)DESTROY if something falls into ruin, it gets damaged or destroyed because no one is taking care of it 〔因無人照料而〕衰落，敗落
He had let the farm go to ruin.
他任憑農場敗落下去。
Examples from the Corpus
fall into ruin• In 1685 the castle was burnt by the Duke of Argyll and fell into ruin.• The 18th century mansion has fallen into ruin.• Unemployment runs at more than 50 %, and most factories have fallen into ruin.• Miles of poverty with modern adobe dwellings either being built or falling into ruin.
6  be the ruin of somebody LOSE/NOT HAVE ANYMOREto make someone lose all their money, their good health, the good opinion that other people have of them etc 毀了某人
Drinking was the ruin of him.
酗酒毀了他。
Examples from the Corpus
be the ruin of somebody• Manning's love for alcohol was the ruin of him.• And if Mandrake goes public, however ill founded his claims, it could be the ruin of my brokerage.• Feast day, September I.. Drunkeness is the ruin of reason.• Here are the ruins of Valle Crucis Abbey.• Nearby are the ruins of Egglestone Abbey.• Beneath the palace were the ruins of at least three older buildings, he said.• Another important site from Magna Graecia is at Policoro where there are the ruins of ancient Eraclea.
→ go to rack and ruin at rack1(4)
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
financial ruin (=when someone loses all or most of their money)
She faces financial ruin after losing the court case.
economic ruin (=when someone loses all their money or when a country loses a lot of its trade, industry, and wealth)
Their policies have been driving this country to economic ruin for the past 13 years.
political ruin
The scandal left the government on the brink of political ruin.
social ruin (=when someone loses their position or rank in society)
In those days, breaking off your engagement could mean social ruin.
verbs
face ruin
Many shopkeepers are facing ruin.
mean ruin (=cause ruin for someone)
They fear that the proposals could mean ruin for small football clubs.
spell ruin (=cause ruin for someone)
Unwise investment can spell financial ruin.
lead to ruin
This policy could lead to utter ruin.
save somebody from ruin
He believes the invention saved him from financial ruin.
phrases
bring ruin on/to somebody (=cause ruin for someone)
Her behaviour brought ruin on her family.
drive somebody to ruin (=cause ruin for someone)
Farmers told how foot-and-mouth disease was driving them to ruin.
be on the brink/verge of ruin (=be close to ruin)
The recession could leave many businesses on the brink of ruin.
be on the road to ruin (=be certain to happen at some time in the future)
Is America on the road to ruin?
Examples from the Corpus
ruin• Maybe a ruin I can fix up.• financial ruin• Even in ruin the Colosseum is a magnificent edifice of great structural interest and aesthetic splendour.• an 800-year-old Mayan ruin• But the other ruins are impressive, ample and accessible.• An exciting feature here is an underground passage leading to a cave deep beneath the ruins.• He'd seen movement in the ruin.• In a thousand years, archaeologists will be digging through the ruins of what was once San Francisco.• There seemed to be so many of them, more and more crowding silently through the ruins wherever she looked.• Sailors mobilized to search for survivors wandered through the ruins in a daze.• We visited the ruins of the old abbey.
financial ruin• Milk contaminated Scientists are stepping up tests to find the source of dioxin contamination which has brought financial ruin to two farmers.• A 35-year-old lawyer faces financial ruin resulting from a serious mental illness.• Pleas that the couple and their two young children will be homeless and facing financial ruin have fallen on deaf ears.• The small businesses facing financial ruin.• In this golden period Tank also sold Peron on nuclear ideas and brought even greater financial ruin as a result.• Much of the plains' cattle industry was in financial ruin.• It would spell financial ruin and possibly the end.• Michael Joyce had not suffered financial ruin by his second emigration.
From Longman Business Dictionary
ruinru·in1 /ˈruːɪn/ noun [uncountableU]
1when you have lost all your money, your social position, or the good opinion that people had of you
The war plunged the country into economic ruin.
a company on the brink of financial ruin (=about to lose all its money)
2in ruins if something is in ruins, it has great problems and cannot continue
countries whose economies are in ruins
ruinruin2 verb [transitiveT]
1to spoil or destroy something completely
The airport’s radar failed, ruining travel plans for 30,000 people.
a scandal that ruined his reputation
2to make someone lose all their money
A series of bad investment decisions threatened to ruin him.
a ruined economy
Origin ruin2
(1300-1400) Old French ruine, from Latin ruina
TOEFL BNC: 5346 COCA: 4197
ruin

noun¹

 1spoiled state毀壞ADJECTIVE | VERB + RUIN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤complete, utter完全的損毀；徹底的破敗VERB + RUIN➤fall into, go to毀壞傾圮；破敗不堪◇The house gradually fell into ruin.這棟房子漸漸破敗不堪。PHRASES➤be the ruin of sb/sth是⋯毀滅的根源◇Drinking has been the ruin of her.酗酒毀了她。➤go to rack and ruin (especially BrE) 走向毀滅◇They've let the house go to rack and ruin.他們任由房子破敗。
ruin

noun²

 2end of success, hopes, etc.不再成功；希望破滅ADJECTIVE | VERB + RUIN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤economic, financial經濟毀滅；財政破產VERB + RUIN➤face面臨破產◇The company faces ruin over the new road plans.這家公司因新的道路計劃而面臨破產。➤bring, lead to, mean, spell導致完全喪失；意味着破產；招致重大損失◇The cost would have meant financial ruin for us.這項開支對我們來說就意味着傾家蕩產。➤save from使免於破產PHRASES➤on the brink of ruin, on the verge of ruin處於毀滅的邊緣▸➤the road to ruin毀滅之途◇He's on the road to political ruin.他在政治上已經處於窮途末路了。
ruin

noun³

 3damaged building, town, etc.損毀的建築或城鎮ADJECTIVE | VERB + RUIN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤ancient, old古代／舊時遺跡▸➤charred, smoking, smouldering/smoldering燒焦的廢墟；冒煙的廢墟◇the charred ruins of their home他們的家園燒焦的廢墟➤crumbling坍塌的廢墟▸➤castle, temple, etc.城堡、廟宇等的廢墟VERB + RUIN➤be in ruins, lie in ruins成為廢墟◇The church now lies in ruins.教堂現在成了廢墟。➤leave sth in ruins使⋯成為廢墟◇The earthquake left the town in ruins.地震使這個城鎮化為廢墟。PREPOSITION➤ruins of⋯的遺跡◇the ancient ruins of Jericho傑裏科的古代遺跡
ruin

verb

ADVERB | VERB + RUIN ADVERB➤completely, totally完全／徹底毀滅◇The experience has completely ruined her life.這次經歷徹底毀了她的一生。➤nearly幾乎毀滅➤effectively事實上毀滅▸➤financially經濟上毀滅◇The long legal battle ruined him financially.曠日持久的官司使他傾家蕩產。VERB + RUIN➤threaten to使有毀滅的危險◇A knee injury threatened to ruin her Olympic hopes.膝傷可能使她參加奧運會的希望破滅。➤be going to將會毀壞◇All this mud is going to ruin my shoes.這些泥會毀了我的鞋。
TOEFL BNC: 5346 COCA: 4197
ruin noun
⇨ remains 1 ruin

verb

ruin ♦︎ spoil ♦︎ mar ♦︎ wreckThese words all mean to make sth unsuccessful, unpleasant, or useless when it had been good. 這些詞均表示破壞、糟蹋、毀掉。SYNONYM SCALE 詞義標尺 下圖顯示這些詞所表達破壞的程度
spoil➔ruin
marwreck
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to ruin / spoil / wreck sth for sb◆to ruin / spoil / mar / wreck sb's career◆to ruin / spoil / wreck things / everything◆to ruin / spoil / wreck sb's plans / day / evening / life / chances / hopes◆to ruin / mar / wreck sb's happiness◆to ruin / wreck sb's health / sb's marriage / the economy◆to completely / totally / almost / nearly ruin / spoil / mar / wreck sth◆to effectively ruin / spoil / wreck sth■ ruin [transitive] to damage sth or have a completely negative effect on it so that it is no longer at all successful, enjoyable or useful 毀壞；破壞；糟蹋◆The bad weather completely ruined our trip.壞天氣把我們的旅行全毀了。◆You've ruined my whole life!你把我的生活都毀了！◆Years of drinking had ruined his health.長年飲酒毀了他的健康。◆My shoes got totally ruined in the mud.我的新鞋被泥漿給糟蹋了。◆The crop that year was ruined by drought.幹旱使那年農作物嚴重歉收。■ spoil (spoiled, spoiled; BrE also spoilt, spoilt) [transitive] to change sth good into sth bad, unpleasant or useless 破壞；糟蹋；毀掉◆Don't let him spoil your evening.别讓他影響你今晚的心情。◆Why do you always have to spoil everything?爲什麽每樣東西都要毀在你手裏？◆I don't want to spoil your fun, but it's nearly time to go home.我不想掃你的興，但是該回家了。◆I won't tell you what happens in the last chapter－I don't want to spoil it for you.我不會告訴你最後一章發生了什麽－我不想破壞你的興致。NOTE 辨析 Ruin or spoil? Ruin is stronger than spoil: sth that is ruined is completely spoiled; sth that is spoiled may be ruined or just less good than it should be. * ruin的破壞程度要比spoil大，ruin指徹底毀壞。spoil有可能是徹底毀壞，也可能只是讓狀況較差而已。■ mar (-rr-) [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to spoil sth good 破壞；毀壞；損害◆A few violent incidents marred the celebrations.幾起暴力事件把慶祝活動給攪了。◆A frown marred his handsome features.皺眉讓他的容貌顯得不那麽英俊了。ⓘ Mar is often used to talk about the one thing that spoiled sth that was good in other ways. It is not often used in informal spoken English. * mar常指使有瑕疵，使美中不足，不常用於非正式口語◆Why do you always have to mar everything? ■ wreck rek [transitive] to ruin sth completely （徹底）毀滅，毀掉◆A serious injury in 2006 threatened to wreck his career.2006年的一次重傷差點兒葬送了他的前程。◆His affair wrecked our marriage.他的出軌徹底毀了我們的婚姻。ⓘ Wreck is used especially to talk about important things in people's lives. Important collocates are life, career, marriage, health and happiness. * wreck尤用於談論人們生活中的要事。表示重要事物的搭配詞有life、career、marriage、health和happiness。
TOEFL BNC: 5346 COCA: 4197
ruin
To destroy or severely damage something: destroy, ruin, devastate...
To damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...
Changing social or professional status: acquire, ascent, bankrupt...
Destruction and damage: damage, destruction, harm...
Other parts of buildings: addition, alcove, balcony...
Rubbish, litter and remains: e-waste, rubbish, litter...
Losses: loss, ruin, ruination...

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