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TOEFL BNC: 1189 COCA: 1180

spirit

Word family 
Related topics: Religion, Occult, Drink
spir·it1 /ˈspɪrɪt/ ●●● S2 W2 noun
1  character 性格 [singular, uncountableU]RRMIND the qualities that make someone live the way they do, and make them different from other people 精神，心靈
in spirit
I’m 85, but I still feel young in spirit.
我 85 歲了，但心依然感覺年輕。
independent/proud/free etc spirit (=a person with a particular type of character) 獨立/驕傲/自由等的人
She is a strong and independent spirit.
她是一個堅強獨立的人。
→ kindred spirit at kindred2(1)
2  HAPPY/SAD 快樂的/悲傷的spirits [plural]FEEL HAPPY/FRIGHTENED/BORED ETCMOOD the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are happy or sad 心境，情緒，興致 → mood
be in good/high spirits (=be excited and happy) 興高采烈
Cooper was still in high spirits after winning the race.
塞巴依然處於比賽獲勝後的高昂情緒中。
His spirits were so low (=he was so sad) that he refused to answer his phone.
他情緒非常低落，連電話也不願接。
raise/lift somebody’s spirits (=make someone happier) 振奮某人的情緒
The warm morning sun lifted our spirits.
早晨溫暖的陽光使我們精神爲之一振。
She wrote poetry while she was in the hospital to keep her spirits up (=keep happy).
她住院的時候寫寫詩，使自己保持愉快心情。
somebody’s spirits rise/lift/sink (=they become more or less happy) 某人高興起來/情緒低落
My spirits sank when I saw the mess they’d left.
看見他們留下的爛攤子，我的情緒一下子低落了。
Examples from the Corpus
keep ... spirits up• He had a strong sense of humour, and kept his spirits up.• During the war years, it helped keep our spirits up and we need it again now.• I told Tansy that she must keep her spirits up, that Rose might be needing her.
3  soul 靈魂 [countableC]RR the part of someone that you cannot see, that consists of the qualities that make up their character, which many people believe continues to live after the person has died 靈魂 → soul
Although Laurie is dead, I can feel his spirit with me.
勞裏雖然已經過世，但我還能感覺到他的靈魂和我在一起。
4  no body 幽靈 [countableC]ROGHOST a creature without a physical body that some people believe exists, such as an angel or a dead person, who has returned to this world and has strange or magical powers 精靈；鬼魂; 幽靈 → ghost
an evil spirit
惡魔
5  determination 決心 [uncountableU]DETERMINED courage, energy, and determination – used to show approval 志氣；勇氣；決心〔含褒義〕
Sandra is small, but she makes up for it with great spirit.
桑德拉身材瘦小，但她巨大的勇氣彌補了這點不足。
a young team with strong fighting spirit
一支鬥志昂揚的年輕隊伍
When they took away his freedom, they broke his spirit (=made him lose his courage).
他們剝奪了他的人身自由就等於挫傷了他的銳氣。
6  attitude 態度 [singular, uncountableU]ATTITUDE the attitude that you have towards something or while you are doing something 心態，態度
You’ve got to approach this meeting in the right spirit.
你一定要以正確的態度來對待這次會議。
spirit of
the spirit of cooperation between the two sides
雙方的合作態度
7. team/community/public etc spirit UNITEa strong feeling of belonging to a particular group and wanting to help them 團隊/社區/公益等精神
Examples from the Corpus
team/community/public etc spirit• This obviated the problem of building team spirit or involvement among the area staff.• Workers' distress can be reduced by adequate and effective reward systems and attention to maintaining a cooperative team spirit.• These accomplishments, and their new-found team spirit, were celebrated with social play in the evening.• Good team spirit was built up during lunch before heading out to the second round.• The specials certainly show the kind of public spirit and professionalism of the Territorials.• No doubt the team spirit was enhanced.• This community spirit even extends beyond Silver Lake proper.• This creates a good working team spirit and everyone helps everyone else out.
8  typical qualities 典型特質TYPICAL [countableC usually singular] the set of ideas, beliefs, feelings etc that are typical of a particular period in history, a place, or a group of people 〔某一特定歷史時期、地方或群體的〕精神，風氣
spirit of
Tourism has not destroyed the spirit of Bali.
觀光旅遊還沒有破壞巴厘島的地方特色。
the spirit of the age/times
His beliefs conflicted with the spirit of the age.
他的信念與當時的時代精神發生了沖突。
9  in spirit THINK ABOUTWITHif you say you will be somewhere in spirit or with someone in spirit, you will not be with them but will be thinking about them 在内心裏，在精神上
I can’t come to your wedding, but I’ll be there in spirit.
我不能來參加你們的婚禮，但我的心將會和你們在一起。
10  get/enter into the spirit (of something) TAKE PART/BE INVOLVEDto start to feel as happy, excited etc as the people around you 融入到…的氛圍中去
Judith couldn’t really enter into the spirit of the occasion.
朱迪思無法完全融入那歡樂氣氛中去。
Examples from the Corpus
get/enter into the spirit (of something)• Meanwhile, the audience gets into the spirit of the occasion, courtesy of comedian, Bobby Bragg from Banbury.• A good collie enters into the spirit of the hunt, up to a point.• Thomas himself got into the spirit.• Knowing who was servant and who mistress, I entered into the spirit of the farce.• It all began about 15 years ago when Pat Jackson got into the spirit and decided to decorate her house.• Flagellation and other exotic practices formed part of its creed and Rasputin entered into the spirit of these with enthusiasm.• The children are making decorations to get into the spirit of the season.• He tried hard to get into the spirit of the thing.• Mercer was entering into the spirit of things, Bambi also but more coolly.
11  intention 目的 [uncountableU] the meaning or qualities that someone intended something to have, especially the meaning that a law or rule was intended to have 〔尤指法律或規則的〕精神，本質
Thoreau believed that his actions were in the spirit of American institutions.
梭羅相信他的行爲是符合美國傳統精神的。
Miller’s actions may not be actually illegal, but they have violated the spirit of the law.
米勒的行爲本身不一定犯法，但違反了法律的精神。
→ the letter of the law at letter1(4)
12. the Spirit the Holy Spirit 聖靈
Examples from the Corpus
the Spirit• As we shall see, the mission and the Spirit belong together.• One is the jumbie dance, performed for healing or a blessing from the spirits.• He was left with the distinct feeling that he had encountered some one from the spirit world on that early midsummer's morning.• You have the spirit of a Roman, Father Corrigan.• You can't kill the spirit.• He listened through the window and prayed ardently for the new baptism of the Spirit and the gift of tongues.• If she could no longer rise to an adventurous life of the spirit, she could keep doggedly on.• Will the spirit of the constitution justify this attempt to control its words?
13  drink 酒 [countableC usually plural]
a) especially British EnglishBrEDFD a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky or brandy 烈酒〔如威士忌或白蘭地〕
b) British EnglishBrEDHC liquid such as alcohol, used for cleaning 〔用於清潔的〕酒精
14. that’s the spirit spokenAPPROVE used to express approval of someone’s behaviour or attitude 這就對了，這種態度才對〔用於認可某人的行爲或態度〕
15. when/as the spirit moves you WANTwhen you feel that you want to do something 要是願意的話，如果有興趣
16. the spirit is willing (but the flesh is weak) used when saying that you want to do something, but you are too tired or do not feel strong enough – often used humorously 心裏固然願意（身體卻很羸弱），心有餘而力不足〔常爲幽默用法〕
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2:
adjectives
high/good (=used when saying that someone is happy and excited)
The players were all in high spirits.
low/flagging (=used when saying that someone is sad)
She was tired and her spirits were low.
verbs
lift/raise/revive somebody’s spirits (=make them feel happier)
A brisk walk helped to lift my spirits.
keep somebody’s spirits up (=keep them feeling happy)
He wrote home often, trying to keep his family’s spirits up.
dampen somebody’s spirits (=make them feel less happy)
They refused to let the rain dampen their spirits.
somebody’s spirits rise/lift/soar (=they start feeling happier)
Her spirits rose as they left the ugliness of London behind.
somebody’s spirits sink (=they start feeling less happy)
His spirits sank at the prospect.
Examples from the Corpus
spirit• I am sure that, given the great community spirit here, the fund-raisers will not give up.• My grandparents used to wear charms to protect themselves against evil spirits.• Firecrackers are lit to scare off evil spirits.• She never once thought of giving up. Everyone admired her fighting spirit.• This boisterous welcome restored the princess's good spirits.• The hours of interrogations and beatings were designed to break his spirit.• Then under the indifferent sky his spirit left the body with its ripped flesh, infections, its weak and damaged nature.• Indeed, the key question is whether the organization serves or squashes the human spirit.• All Annamese peasants - and that's about eighty percent of the population worship invisible spirits.• On the other hand, any name can work if you have the right spirit.• The crew enjoy working together and have developed an excellent team spirit.• Excellent schools and classrooms are clearly distinguishable by the spirit of community that pervades all they do.• Burning the bodies is supposed to convince the spirits of the dead to go to the next world.• They are usually distilled from barley malt cured with peat, giving the spirit a smoky flavour.• Again, the quality of the spirit finally collected depends upon the knowledge skill and experience of the stillman.• In Japan people believe that the spirits of the dead return to visit the earth every summer during the Obon festival.• Gere's actions may not actually be illegal, but they have violated the spirit of the law.• The fact that they reached the semi-final is a reflection of their spirit and commitment.
independent/proud/free etc spirit• October 20 A free spirit, captured in his own words Jeanson par Jeanson by Rene• A free spirit has been and gone.• There is no point booking a package holiday - this contains the essentially free spirit of the tack traveller.• He could not remember having ever been in the company of such an exuberantly free spirit.• It was a celebration of freedom, free spirits and free enterprise.• Now, the 7-year-old Pescadero, Calif., girl is taking her independent spirit to the sky.• These free spirits were on average ten to fifteen years my senior and old hands in high finance.
evil spirit• Blake was skeptical, wondering if it were really an evil spirit.• Ancient evil spirits went by a new name.• Two green glazed lions guarded the gates to keep evil spirits at bay.• On Wassail night, evil spirits are banished from the orchards and offerings ensure next year's apple crop.• The villagers then shoot guns into the branches to ward off evil spirits.• Garlands of turmeric and garlic are worn to ward off evil spirits.• It was commonly believed that some evil spirits lost their strength in daylight.• The evil spirits ascended from her mouth as a flock of blackbirds.
broke ... spirit• They took away his freedom, they broke his spirit, and they ruined his health.
spirit of• We need a new spirit of cooperation to solve the problems in this neighborhood.• The cookbook invokes the spirit of Sicily and southern Italy.• There is a true spirit of hope among the people.
the spirit of the age/times• A stance which was appropriate for the Age of Brezhnev and Galtieri now seems out of date and out of touch with the spirit of the times.• It goes against the spirit of the age to admit this.• D., and the spirit of the age has changed.• He embodies the spirit of the age.• You should do your best to sink yourself in the spirit of the age.• Good art should represent the spirit of the times.• Clearly the appeal of the Virgo archetype belonged to the spirit of the age.• The suggested move towards a centrally-determined curriculum, however, was still out of keeping with the spirit of the times.• Tax-dodging is in line, it seems, with the spirit of the times.
the spirit of the law• By sticking to the letter of the law, the spirit of the law may be lost.• This is certainly against the spirit of the law.• Mostly they turned out to be thinly disguised candidate ads, a violation of the spirit of the law at best.• This is a joyful response to the spirit of the law, as we see its deeper meaning and wider application.• To send a refugee to a country that he had not even heard of is to violate the spirit of the law.
spirit2 verb
1 spirit somebody/something away/off phrasal verbphr v written DISAPPEARto take someone or something away quickly and secretly 秘密地把…迅速帶走
After his speech, Jackson was spirited away through a back door.
傑克遜一演講完就被偷偷地從後門接走了。
Examples from the Corpus
spirit away/off• Instead, a Cretan pirate must have spirited her away.• When you die you simply leave your worn-out body behind, and your spirit takes off.• I thought you'd spirited Pete off somewhere.• He would spirit me away, to a home on the Mainland complete with plush carpet and a cocker spaniel pup.
Examples from the Corpus
spirit• She had been spirited away by the Poison Dwarf.• She might find herself not being carried down to London but spirited away to distant unknown suburbs such as Hendon and Colindale.
Spiritn
n1.a US spacecraft that landed on Mars in 2004. It moved around the surface of Mars to find signs of water, take samples of soil, and take photographs.
Origin spirit1
(1200-1300) Anglo-French Latin spiritus “breath, spirit”
TOEFL BNC: 1189 COCA: 1180
spirit

noun¹

 1mind or feelings心靈；情感ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤human人的精神◇It is a testimony to the triumph of the human spirit.它是人類精神勝利的見證。PREPOSITION➤in spirit在精神上◇I will be with you in spirit.我在精神上支持你。
spirit

noun²

 2spirits morale士氣ADJECTIVE | VERB + SPIRITS | SPIRITS + VERB | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤flagging (especially BrE) 委靡不振的精神VERB + SPIRITS➤keep up, lift, raise保持高漲的情緒；振奮精神◇We sang songs to keep our spirits up.我們唱歌以保持情緒高漲。➤revive重新振作低落的情緒▸➤break, dampen使喪失銳氣◇A string of defeats has failed to dampen the team's spirits.一連串的失敗並沒有使隊伍喪失銳氣。SPIRITS + VERB➤lift, rise精神振奮；情緒高漲PHRASES➤in good, high, low, poor, etc. spirits情緒良好、高漲、低落、消沉等◇She isn't in the best of spirits today.她今天的情緒不是很好。◇My mother was in excellent spirits.我媽媽情緒極好。
spirit

noun³

 3person人ADJECTIVE➤guiding, leading, moving指引者；領袖；推動者◇She was a guiding spirit in primary education.她是初等教育的引路人。➤generous慷慨的人▸➤mean吝嗇鬼▸➤brave, proud勇者；驕傲的人▸➤free, independent自由的人；獨立的人▸➤kindred志趣相投的人◇He found kindred spirits in the peace movement.他在和平運動中找到了志同道合的人。
spirit

noun⁴

 4courage/liveliness勇氣；活力ADJECTIVE | VERB + SPIRIT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤great, tremendous (especially BrE) 巨大的勇氣▸➤adventurous, competitive, fighting, indomitable, pioneer, pioneering冒險精神；競爭精神；鬥志；不屈不撓的精神；先驅精神◇the indomitable American spirit不屈不撓的美國精神VERB + SPIRIT➤be full of, have充滿活力；有勇氣◇She has plenty of fighting spirit.她鬥志昂揚。➤display, show表現出鬥志；顯示勇氣▸➤break瓦解鬥志PREPOSITION➤with spirit鬥志昂揚地◇He sang with great spirit.他滿懷豪情地唱着歌。PHRASES➤broken in spirit意志垮掉◇They tortured him until he was broken in spirit.他們折磨他，直到他的意志垮掉。
spirit

noun⁵

 5feelings of loyalty忠心ADJECTIVE | VERB + SPIRIT ADJECTIVE➤community, party, public, team集體精神；黨派精神；公益精神；團隊精神VERB + SPIRIT➤have有⋯精神▸➤develop, foster, promote發揚精神；培養精神
spirit

noun⁶

 6attitude/mood態度；氣氛ADJECTIVE | VERB + SPIRIT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤right正確的態度◇They have the right spirit!他們態度正確！➤essential, genuine, true基本態度；真實態度▸➤carefree了無牽掛的樣子▸➤democratic, revolutionary民主／革命精神➤creative創新精神▸➤entrepreneurial事業心➤can-do (informal, especially NAmE) 敢作敢為的精神▸➤Christmas, festive, holiday (especially NAmE) 聖誕氣氛；節日氣氛VERB + SPIRIT➤have持⋯態度▸➤enter into, get into進入⋯氣氛◇I was just getting to the spirit of things when the party suddenly ended.我還沒感受到氣氛聚會就突然結束了。➤bring帶來⋯氣氛◇They brought the spirit of carnival to their concerts.他們給演唱會帶來狂歡的氣氛。➤capture, embody, reflect, represent抓住／體現／反映／代表⋯精神◇That song really captures the spirit of the times.那首歌真正體現了時代的精神。◇She embodies the spirit of revolution.她體現了革命的精神。PREPOSITION➤in a spirit of有着⋯態度◇Both sides have come together in a spirit of goodwill.雙方都本着友善態度聚到了一起。◇They are all working together in a spirit of cooperation.他們本着合作態度一起工作。➤spirit of⋯的精神◇a spirit of adventure冒險精神PHRASES➤be closer in spirit to sth, be similar in spirit to sth與⋯態度接近／類似▸➤be faithful to the spirit of sth, be true to the spirit of sth對⋯精神忠誠／忠實◇The movie is true to the spirit of the book.影片忠實於原着精神。➤a generosity of spirit慷慨態度◇She exudes a warmth and generosity of spirit.她的態度熱情慷慨。➤in the right spirit態度正確➤the spirit of the age, the spirit of the times時代精神➤the spirit of Christmas, the spirit of the season聖誕／節日氣氛◇I'm trying to get in the spirit of the holiday season.我正努力融入節日的氣氛。
spirit

noun⁷

 7real/intended meaning of a rule, an agreement, etc.規則或協議的真實意義VERB + SPIRIT | PHRASES VERB + SPIRIT➤obey遵循⋯的精神▸➤be against, be contrary to, go against, violate違背⋯的本意；違反⋯精神◇an edict that violates the spirit of the Geneva Convention違背《日內瓦公約》精神的法令PHRASES➤the spirit of the law法律的精神◇The referee should try to obey the spirit as well as the letter of the law.仲裁者不但要盡力遵循法律條文，還要竭力按照法律的精神行事。
spirit

noun⁸

 8soul/ghost靈魂；鬼魂ADJECTIVE | VERB + SPIRIT | SPIRIT + VERB | SPIRIT + NOUN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤ancestral祖先的靈魂▸➤evil, malevolent邪靈；惡鬼▸➤restless不得安息的鬼魂◇Owls were believed to be restless spirits who had returned to earth.貓頭鷹曾被認為是重返陽間、不得安息的鬼魂。VERB + SPIRIT➤conjure up, contact, invoke, summon, summon up招魂▸➤exorcize, ward off驅逐鬼魂◇She slept with a cross under the pillow to ward off evil spirits.她睡覺時把十字架放在枕頭下來驅逐鬼魂。➤be possessed by遭鬼魂纏身SPIRIT + VERB➤live on靈魂不死◇Many people believe the spirit lives on after death.許多人相信死後靈魂仍然活着。➤move sb (often figurative) 靈魂感動某人◇Make a donation to the charity if the spirit moves you.如果靈魂感動了你，請向慈善捐款吧。SPIRIT + NOUN➤guide靈魂導師◇My spirit guide cares for me and protects me.我的靈魂導師關心我、保護我。➤world靈魂世界PHRASES➤body, mind and spirit全身心◇healing for body, mind and spirit生理、心理、精神全方位的康復➤the Holy Spirit聖靈➤the spirits of the dead亡靈
spirit

noun⁹

 9 (especially BrE) (usually spirits) strong alcoholic drink烈性酒... OF SPIRITS | VERB + SPIRITS ... OF SPIRITS➤bottle, measure (BrE) 一瓶／一份烈酒◇a single measure of spirits一份烈酒VERB + SPIRITS➤drink喝烈酒
TOEFL BNC: 1189 COCA: 1180
spirit noun
⇨ atmosphere (the spirit of the age) ⇨ determination (fighting spirit) ⇨ drink 2 (a measure of spirits) ⇨ ghost (evil spirits) ⇨ mind (the power of the human spirit) ⇨ mood (in the best of spirits) ⇨ nature 1 (the spirit, as well as the letter, of the law) ⇨ lift/raise sb's spirits ⇨ encourage 1
TOEFL BNC: 1189 COCA: 1180

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