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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701

virus

Word family 
Related topics: Microbes, genetics, biochem, Computers
vi·rus /ˈvaɪərəs $ ˈvaɪrəs/ ●●○ W3 noun  
1  [countableC, uncountableU]HBM a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses 病毒
 children infected with the Aids virus
感染艾滋病病毒的儿童
 a virus infection
病毒感染
2. [countableC]TD a set of instructions secretly put onto a computer or computer program, which can destroy information. When a computer that has a virus makes a connection with another computer, for example by email, the virus can make copies of itself and move to the other computer. 〔计算机〕病毒
3. [countableC] a program that sends a large number of annoying messages to many people’s mobile phones in an uncontrolled way 〔手机的〕短信病毒
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + virus
the AIDS/flu/polio etc virus
They are trying to stop the spread of the flu virus.
a deadly/killer virus
a killer virus which has already been responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people
virulent (=causing many people to become ill)
Why was this particular strain of the virus so virulent?
verbs
a virus causes something
The virus causes people to sweat.
carry a virus (=have a virus, which you may then give to other people)
A nurse at the clinic was found to be carrying the virus.
get a virus (also contract a virus formal)
He does not know when he contracted the virus.
be infected with a virus
Thousands of people may already be infected with the virus.
be exposed to a virus
Four workers at the facility, though exposed to the virus, never became ill.
transmit/pass on a virus (=pass it from one person or animal to another)
The rabies virus is transmitted in saliva when one animal bites another.
a virus spreads
The virus spread throughout the population.
phrases
a strain of a virus (=one type of it)
Doctors fear that a new strain of the virus will appear.
a virus infection
The fever was caused by a virus infection.
Examples from the Corpus
virus• an anti-virus program• One final, explosive question remains: Why did a virus that was once so rare suddenly burst into a global pandemic?• You cannot get a virus from an email message alone.• There's a virus going around - four people in my office were sick last week.• The disk was accidentally infected with a virus called "Stoned III."• He could be carrying the AIDS virus.• They are the 8 % of the population who have the Aids virus.• the common cold virus• a vaccine which protects against Hepatitis B, a highly infectious virus which is transmitted sexually or by sharing infected needles.• She thinks she picked up some kind of mystery virus while she was on vacation.• A warning has gone out about a new virus that could wipe everything off your hard disk.• To retain Britain's disease-free status, we are told, we should not vaccinate livestock against the virus.• It is a medical problem to attack the virus without attacking the normal cells.• Once a person is infected they may recover naturally or they may become a chronic carrier of the virus.• Computer users from around the world reported that the virus had invaded their systems.• Less than 5 percent seem to tolerate the virus without ever getting sick.• It is estimated that over thirty million people are now infected with the virus.• The virus opened the door for an onslaught of illnesses Pieters lists casually: hepatitis, pneumonia, shingles.• the virus that causes the common cold
virus infection• He is suffering from an ankle injury and a virus infection.• When the disk is found to be free from a virus infection it is given an electronic signature code.• The mechanism responsible for secretion or intracellular retention of pre-S peptides in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is uncertain.• Over half the patients who acquire acute hepatitis C virus infection develop chronic hepatitis.• This rules out the possibility that autoantibodies are merely a consequence of hepatitis C virus infection.• There is at present no reliable marker to determine whether autoimmunity or hepatitis C virus infection is the major disease process.• This resurgence of measles disease underscored the need for new assays to characterize measles virus infections.• But some virus infections can follow another path, other than the acute cycle of replication.
From Longman Business Dictionary
virusvi·rus /ˈvaɪərəsˈvaɪrəs/ noun [countableC]COMPUTING
a set of instructions secretly put onto a computer, that can destroy or change information on the computer
The virus had already destroyed data at several US companies.
→ compare bug
Origin virus
(1500-1600) Latin “thick slippery liquid, poison, bad smell”
vi·rus noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701
virus

noun¹

 1sth that causes disease; a disease病毒ADJECTIVE | VERB + VIRUS | VIRUS + VERB | VIRUS + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤deadly, killer, lethal致命的病毒➤nasty厲害的病毒▸➤virulent惡性病毒➤infectious傳染性病毒▸➤AIDS, flu, hepatitis, herpes, HIV, measles, etc.艾滋病、流感、肝炎、皰疹、人類免疫缺陷、麻疹等病毒➤airborne空氣傳播的病毒➤live活病毒VERB + VIRUS➤be infected with, catch, contract, get被病毒感染；感染病毒▸➤carry攜帶病毒▸➤pass, pass on, spread, transmit傳播病毒；使病毒擴散◇An infected person can pass the virus to others.受感染者可能會把病毒傳給他人。➤isolate隔離病毒▸➤inactivate使病毒失活➤fight抗擊病毒➤detect, discover, identify查明／發現／識別病毒VIRUS + VERB➤infect sb/sth病毒感染⋯➤attack sb/sth, kill sb/sth病毒侵襲⋯；病毒導致⋯死亡◇The virus attacks cells in the body.這種病毒攻擊體內的細胞。➤cause sth病毒導致⋯➤mutate病毒突變➤spread病毒傳播▸➤replicate (itself)病毒（自我）複製VIRUS + NOUN➤infection病毒感染▸➤vaccine病毒疫苗➤transmission病毒傳播
virus

noun²

 2computer virus計算機病毒ADJECTIVE | VERB + VIRUS | VIRUS + VERB | VIRUS + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤computer, email計算機／電子郵件病毒VERB + VIRUS➤be infected with感染病毒➤create, develop, write創建電腦病毒；開發病毒；寫病毒◇to write computer viruses寫電腦病毒VIRUS + VERB➤attack sth, destroy sth電腦病毒攻擊⋯／摧毀⋯➤spread電腦病毒傳播VIRUS + NOUN➤threat, warning病毒威脅／警告➤protection, scanner病毒防護／掃描軟件➤writer寫病毒的程序員
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701
virus noun
⇨ defect (a computer virus) ⇨ disease (pick up a virus)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701
virus
Microorganisms and bacteria: ameba, amoeba, bacillus...
General words for illnesses, diseases and medical conditions: illness, disease, sickness...
Computer programs and systems: add-on, applet, architecture...

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