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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 262 COCA: 427

effect

Word family 
ef·fect1 /ɪˈfekt/ ●●● S1 W1 noun  
1  change/result 改变/结果 [countableC, uncountableU]RESULT a change that is caused by an event, action etc 效应；影响；结果
effect on
 My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me.
父母离婚给我带来了很大的影响。
effect of
 the harmful effects of modern farming practices
现代农耕方式的不良后果
 the long-term effects of the drug
这种毒品的长期影响
 I could feel the effects of the thin mountain air.
我能感觉到山上稀薄空气产生的影响。
 This ingredient also has the effect of making your skin look younger.
这种成分还有使皮肤看上去更年轻的效果。
 A system failure has a knock-on effect throughout the whole hotel.
系统故障会给整个酒店带来连锁反应。
 the cumulative effect of human activities on the global environment
人类活动对全球环境日积月累的影响
 A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce the desired effect.
大量减少该止痛药的服用剂量依然能产生预期的效果。
 In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between cause and effect.
精神疾病有复杂的因果关系。
→ greenhouse effect, side effect
Do not confuse with the verb affect (=to have an effect on something).
不要与动词 affect (影响)混淆。
2  put/bring something into effect EFFECT/INFLUENCEto make a plan or idea happen 实施计划；落实想法
 It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.
落实这些变革不会是件容易的事。
Examples from the Corpus
put/bring something into effect• It had developed contingency plans before the incident and put them into effect when water in the mine began to overflow.• The possibility of judicial review is constantly in the mind of Ministers and officials when preparing legislation and putting it into effect.• One of them should be chosen and be put rapidly into effect.• We need to raise at least £50,000 to put our plans into effect.• He was the first football manager to appreciate the importance of such harmony and to put it into effect.• The Hague conference is the last chance to determine how to put the accord into effect.• The council will need more money to put the regulations into effect.• So far, 24 of the 35 nations needed to put the treaty into effect have ratified it.• To put these contentions into effect the applicant made two applications in the district court to which the cases had been transferred.
3  take effect to start to produce results 开始起作用；开始产生效果
 The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.
吗啡开始起作用，疼痛减轻了。
Examples from the Corpus
take effect• Smith's appointment as deputy inspector general never took effect.• By the time the order took effect, however, the issue had already become moot.• It will be a while before the government's new economic policy takes effect.• The new rules take effect January 1.• The dentist gave me an injection that took effect almost immediately, and I didn't feel a thing.• The changes were expected to take effect following a referendum scheduled for Sept. 15.• It will be a few minutes before the drugs start to take effect.• As he spoke, his language grew rougher and rougher, as if a Jekyll and Hyde transformation were taking effect.• After that it will take effect and will remain on your file for six years.• The controversial bike-helmet law will take effect January 1.• She said she had been told by government officials the reform will take effect on April 1.• As you type, word wrap will take effect at character position 39, the right margin of the first column.• The Constitution would take effect from Feb. 12,1992.
4  law/rule 法律/规则
a) take effect/come into effect if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts 生效/开始实施
b) be in effect if a law, rule, or system is in effect, it is being used now 在实施中，有效
5  with immediate effect/with effect from START TO HAPPEN, EXIST ETC formal starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date 立即生效/自…开始实行
 Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.
霍斯金斯被任命为经理，此任命立即生效。
6  in effect IN FACTused when you are describing what you see as the real facts of a situation 实际上，事实上 SYN effectively
 In effect, we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
实际上，我们挣钱会比去年少。
Examples from the Corpus
in effect• In effect we're earning less than last year because of inflation.
7  to good/great/no etc effect EFFECTIVEused to show how successful an action is 效果良好/富有成效/毫无效果等
 We tried to wake him, but to no effect.
我们想把他叫醒，但没有用。
Examples from the Corpus
to good/great/no etc effect• Jones has turned the Trust's restrictions on the use of agrochemicals to good effect.• The bi-colour l.e.d. can utilise a transparent lens-clip to good effect.• Video is a relatively new medium for in-house communications and is used by some companies to great effect.• The threefold model of church growth of cell, congregation and celebration works at Ichthus to great effect.• And the book eschews alphabetical order in favour of thematic logic - to good effect.• Any ball direct to deane was usually flicked on to no effect.• But nobody demonized the opposition to greater effect than did Clinton strategist James Carville during the 1992 presidential campaign.• The task of management is to use these to greatest effect.
8  to this/that/the effect MEANINGused when you are giving the general meaning of something, rather than the exact words 有这样的意思/有那样的意思/大意是
 Jim told me to go away, or words to that effect.
吉姆叫我走开，或说了类似的话。
 The letter said something to the effect that she was no longer needed.
信中表达的大意是，不再需要她了。
Examples from the Corpus
to this/that/the effect• We were ourselves considering whether we should introduce a Government Bill to this effect.• The other factor which contributed to this effect was his decision to become a broadcaster.• It is a person's or animal's contribution to the effect.• She made a note to that effect.• A proposal to this effect follows in Section 3.• This is because thick lithosphere will tend to be more resistant to the effects of heat conduction and penetrative magmatism.• I made a little speech to the effect that we are overjoyed to be in Sydney.• Does his eagerness amount to setting up a trust to that effect?
9  idea/feeling 想法/感受 [countableC usually singular]SEEM an idea or feeling that an artist, speaker, book etc tries to make you think of or to feel 〔艺术家、演讲者、书等给人的〕印象，感受 SYN impression
effect of
 Turner’s paintings give an effect of light.
特纳的画表现出光的效果。
10  for effect if someone does something for effect, they do it in order to make people notice 为了引人注目
 She paused for effect, then carried on speaking.
她略为停顿以吸引大家注意，然后继续演讲。
Examples from the Corpus
for effect• Dangerfield rolled his eyes for effect as he told the joke.
11  PERSONAL POSSESSIONS 私人物品effects [plural] formalOWN the things that someone owns 私人物品；个人财产 SYN belongings
Examples from the Corpus
personal effects• No cover applies in the respect of unattended baggage and personal effects.• And so, amongst his personal effects are a number of papers.• Armistead died requesting that Hancock be given his personal effects for delivery to his family.• But an examination of the wreck by remote-controlled cameras failed to find any human remains or personal effects.• Tucker wants to know what's happening about Francis's personal effects.• Large green canvas portmanteau containing the personal effects of the late Victor Zenobia.
12. film 电影 [countableC usually plural]AMAPT an unusual or impressive sound or image that is artificially produced for a film, play, or radio programme 〔声音或图像的〕效果
→ sound effects, special effect
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
have an effect on something/somebody
Eating junk food will eventually have an effect on your health.
have the effect of doing something
The news had the effect of making everyone feel better.
produce an effect formal
If we combine these sounds, they produce an effect that is almost jazzy.
feel an effect (=notice it)
Small companies will feel the effect of the recession first.
lessen/reduce an effect (=make an effect smaller or less severe)
The government must take action to reduce the effects of pollution.
cushion the effect of something (=make it less bad)
Lower mortgage rates will cushion the effect of rising house prices.
an effect lasts (=continues)
The effect of the drug lasts about six hours.
an effect wears off (=gradually stops)
The effect of the anaesthetic was beginning to wear off.
adjectives
big/major
The teachers’ strike had a big effect on many schools.
significant/substantial/marked (=quite big)
Global warming could have a significant effect on agriculture in many parts of the world.
profound/powerful (=very big, in a way that changes someone or something significantly )
My father’s death had a profound effect on me.
dramatic (=very big and sudden)
Taking the new drug had a dramatic effect on his health.
small
The drugs have a relatively small effect on a lot of patients.
negligible/minimal formal (=very small)
The advertising campaign had a negligible effect on demand.
immediate (=quick and sudden)
The announcement had an immediate effect on stock prices.
good
Inflation can sometimes have some good effects on the economy.
positive/beneficial (=good, or helping someone or something in some way)
The incident had a very positive effect on his career.
bad
Working too hard was beginning to have a bad effect on my health.
negative/detrimental (=bad or harmful)
the negative effects of low rainfall
harmful/damaging (=causing harm or damage to something or someone)
the harmful effects of drinking too much alcohol
Some of the effects can be quite damaging.
visible/noticeable (=an effect that you can clearly see)
He drank five beers, but they did not seem to have any visible effect on him.
the adverse effects formal (=the bad effects)
No one told them about the adverse effects of smoking marijuana.
the long-term/short-term effect (=having an effect for a long or short time)
Many boxers suffer with the long-term effects of punches to the head.
a knock-on effect (=an effect that is caused by something that has happened before)
The strike could have a knock-on effect at other airports.
a cumulative effect (=the effect of many things happening one after the other)
The cumulative effect of these policies will be to push up inflation.
the desired effect (=the effect you want)
His team talk had the desired effect because the team went on to win the game.
the full effect (=the whole effect)
We won’t know the full effect of the tax changes until the end of the financial year.
a calming/soothing effect (=one that makes you feel less angry, excited, or nervous)
His words seemed to have a calming effect on the crowd.
 THESAURUS
effect a change that is caused by an event, action etc 效应；影响；结果
The people in this area are still suffering from the effects of the famine.
该地区人民仍在遭受饥荒。
The treatment had little or no effect.
治疗几乎没起什么作用。
impact an effect that happens as a result of something important, especially a big and permanent effect 〔尤指大的、永久性的〕影响，作用
Changes in technology have had a massive impact on the way we work.
科技变革对我们的工作方式产生了巨大影响。
the environmental impact of industrial activity
工业活动对环境产生的影响
influence the effect that something has on people’s opinions or behaviour, or on how something develops 〔对人的思想、行为或某事物发展产生的〕影响(力)，作用
American television has had a big influence on popular culture in the west.
美国电视对西方流行文化产生了很大影响。
His ideas had a lot of influence at the time.
他的观点在当时有很大影响力。
side effect an unwanted and unplanned effect that something has – used especially about drugs and medical treatment 〔尤指药物、疗法的〕副作用
Common side effects of the drug may include headaches and muscle pains.
这种药的常见副作用可能包括头痛和肌肉疼痛。
after-effects British EnglishBrE, aftereffects American EnglishAmE bad effects that continue for a long time after the thing that caused them 后作用；后遗效应
A traumatic experience can have severe psychological after-effects.
痛苦经历可能造成严重的心理后遗症。
the after-effects of the war
战争的后遗症
repercussions /ˌriːpəˈkʌʃəns $ -pər-/ the effects that happen later as a result of an event or decision, especially a range of effects that continue for a long time 持续影响；后果
The scandal could have serious repercussions for her career.
这桩丑闻可能会对她的事业造成严重影响。
The judge’s decision is likely to have important repercussions for future cases of this kind.
法官的裁决可能会对今后此类案件的判决产生重要影响。
a knock-on effect British EnglishBrE used when something has an effect on something, which then has an effect on something else 连锁反应
Higher oil prices have a knock-on effect on other fuels.
油价上涨对其他燃料产生连锁反应。
footprint the effect that human activities have on the environment, caused by using up its natural resources, pollution, waste etc 足迹〔指人类活动对环境造成的不良影响〕
Businesses all over the world must attempt to reduce their environmental footprint.
全球企业都必须努力减少环境足迹。
The house has a low carbon footprint (=it uses very little energy from carbon and therefore is good for the environment).
这幢房屋的碳足迹很低。
Examples from the Corpus
effect• Storni's use of rhythm creates an effect of tension in her poems.• All my efforts to persuade them were beginning to have an effect.• However, the establishment of cause and effect in education is notoriously difficult.• Any increase in fuel costs could have a bad effect on business.• the harmful effects of radiation• Patients with renal failure are, in effect, undergoing an osmotic diuresis since solute load per remaining functioning nephron is increased.• In effect, a personalized automated trading system can be created without having to go to any financial institution.• The death of a parent can have very serious and long-lasting effects on a child.• I tried using bleach to remove the stain, but without much effect.• I saw her later in my office because the Hyper. 30 had no effect.• I've been taking these pills for three days, but so far they've had no effect.• But they are concerned about the psychological effect the experience may have on the girls.• Sleeping on a contoured pillow will achieve the same effect if you prefer sleeping on foam rather than feathers.• At the same time, materials scientists launch an extensive search for other materials that might have similar effects.• I was starting to feel the effects of two nights without much sleep.• Gail was still recovering from the effects of her operation.• The study measured the effect of fertilizers on the size of crops.• The exploration of the effect of unconscious associations between words and ideas certainly takes eighteenth-century criticism into a new field.• The effects of the oil spill were devastating for wildlife.
had ... effect• All had suffered devastating effects from the war.• Damage to a visual area in the brainstem, the superior colliculus, had the reverse effect.• The collapse of the Labour government had little effect on the Party's isolation.• But the public protests have had a profound effect on Adobe.• The evidence demanded a long time for Earth processes to have had any effect in carving mountains and accumulating sediment.• But he was wrong when he said it had no effect on him.• This annoyed the surgeon, who began to cut before the local or the sedative had taken effect.• That word-we-had a potent effect.
effect2 verb [transitiveT]  
formalCAUSE to make something happen 引起；使发生 SYN bring about
 Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their children’s behaviour.
许多父母对自己是否有能力改变子女的行为缺乏信心。
Do not confuse with the verb affect (=to have an effect on something).
不要与动词 affect (影响)混淆。
Examples from the Corpus
effect• But you can never effect a total kill.• There is no question that Clinton was the leader of the Great Group that effected his victory.• He proposed to make the army-the dependable support of the Constitution rather than the pawn of politicians to effect its overthrow.• The differentiation was effected, rather, by a different body of linguistic rules.• Fatigue is another factor that can effect the pods causing the end plates to bend or crack and lose contact.• But there is nothing to preclude a charge being brought under section 5 even though the arrest was not effected under the section.
From Longman Business Dictionary
effectef·fect1 /ɪˈfekt/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU] the way in which an action, event, or person changes someone or something
Inflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy.
→ demonstration effect → halo effect → Hawthorne effect → impact effect → income effect → price effect → substitution effect → wealth effect
2put/bring something into effect to make a plan or idea happen
It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.
3come into effect/take effect if a new arrangement, law, system etc comes into effect or takes effect, it officially starts
The new tax rates come into effect in April.
4with immediate effect/with effect from starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date
Mr Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.
5effects [plural] formal the things that someone owns
Insurance also covers personal effects required during travel on company business.
effecteffect2 verb [transitiveT] formal
to make something happen
You must obtain your client’s approval of the estate agent’s fees before you effect payment of them.
Origin effect1
(1300-1400) Old French Latin effectus, past participle of efficere “to cause to happen”
ef·fect1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1effect2 verb
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