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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335

confusion

Word family 
con·fu·sion /kənˈfjuːʒən/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun  
1  CONFUSED[countableC, uncountableU] when you do not understand what is happening or what something means because it is not clear 困惑，不确定，混乱
confusion about/over/as to
 There was some confusion as to whether we had won or lost.
我们究竟是赢是输，情况不太清楚。
create/lead to confusion
 The diversion led to considerable confusion.
这次改道造成了相当大的混乱。
2  CONFUSED[countableC, uncountableU] a situation in which someone wrongly thinks that a person or thing is someone or something else 辨别不清；混淆，错认
 To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours.
为了避免混淆，各队穿着不同颜色的服装。
confusion between
 There is a confusion in the public mind between psychology and psychiatry.
大众往往会把心理学和精神病学混为一谈。
3  CONFUSED[uncountableU] a feeling of not being able to think clearly about what you should say or do, especially in an embarrassing situation 慌乱；窘迫
 His confusion at meeting her there was quite apparent.
在那里和她不期而遇，他明显有些不知所措。
in confusion
 Matt stared at her in confusion.
马特困窘地盯着她。
4  DISORGANIZED[countableC, uncountableU] a very confusing situation, that usually has a lot of noise and action, so that it is difficult for someone to understand it or control it 混乱，骚乱 SYN chaos
 a scene of indescribable confusion
难以形容的混乱场面
confusion of
 There was a confusion of shouts and orders as the ship prepared to depart.
船准备起航了，呼喊声和命令声乱成一片。
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
cause/create confusion
English spelling often causes confusion for learners.
lead to/result in confusion
The differing instructions led to confusion.
add to the confusion (=make something more confusing)
There were a lot of rumours, which added to the confusion.
throw/plunge somebody into confusion
The unexpected news threw us all into confusion.
clear up the confusion (=explain something more clearly)
The chairman said that he would try to clear up the confusion.
confusion arises (=begins)
The confusion arose because of a complete misunderstanding.
adjectives
great confusion
We looked at each other in great confusion.
complete/total/utter confusion
Candy's eyes showed her total confusion.
considerable confusion
The movie jumps backwards and forwards in time, which causes considerable confusion.
general confusion
There was general confusion about the effects of the new law.
mental confusion
Mental confusion is one of the symptoms of the disease.
phrases
a state of confusion
People were in a state of confusion and close to panic.
(in order) to avoid confusion
Doctors should explain their instructions to patients carefully, to avoid any confusion.
Examples from the Corpus
confusion• However, nowhere else has dressing down caused so much angst and confusion as in the routine workday.• We made our way through the noise and confusion of the marketplace to our hotel.• To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.• The linguistic phenomena we see in the texts reflect not classical fusion of law but post-classical confusion of language.• If the conscious level of the patient is affected - drowsiness, confusion, lethargy and unresponsiveness.• The final scene of the play threw much of the audience into confusion.• The new rules have caused a lot of confusion.• There is a lot of confusion among parents.• Jake's confusion at meeting Sherri at the party was obvious.• I hope the meeting will clear up people's confusion.• There is still confusion over who is responsible for the accident.• With all the confusion, nobody noticed the two boys leave.• The bombers escaped in the confusion following the explosion.• Whatever his intentions about the succession, it was almost certainly not the confusion which actually occurred.• As a result they further misrepresent the characters and by misusing them have added to the confusion.
considerable confusion• There proved to be considerable confusion in terminology used in the responses of interviewees.• There had been considerable confusion over the interpretation of the embargo, the inquiry was told.• She jumped backwards and forwards in her narrative, creating considerable confusion in Dougal's mind.• After sundown the Confederates made an attack on the right creating considerable confusion.• The existence of sub-sects such as the Zadokites and the Nazareans has generated considerable confusion and uncertainty among biblical scholars.• The young of these species are quite similar, which has led to considerable confusion in their identification and classification.• There was considerable confusion in the administration over the correct procedure.
confusion between• Dan says there has been a lot of confusion between his name and his brother Don's.
in confusion• Terri stopped in confusion as everyone turned to look at her.
con·fu·sion noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335
confusion

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONFUSION | CONFUSION + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤complete, total, utter徹底的混亂▸➤considerable, great相當嚴重的／極度的混亂▸➤mild, slight略微的／輕微的混亂▸➤general, mass, widespread整體的／大規模的／普遍的混亂➤understandable可以理解的混亂◇They are very hard to tell apart, so the confusion is understandable.很難把他們區分開來，所以混淆是可以理解的。➤pure完全不明白◇His expression was one of pure confusion.他顯出一副完全摸不着頭腦的表情。➤initial最初的困惑➤momentary一時的困惑➤unnecessary不必要的混亂▸➤mental神志不清➤ensuing, resulting接踵而來的／因而發生的混亂VERB + CONFUSION➤avoid, prevent避免／防止混亂◇a few key tips to help you avoid any confusion有助於避免混淆的幾條關鍵提示◇I kept my ex-husband's last name to prevent confusion.我保留了前夫的姓氏以避免引起混亂。➤cause, create, generate, lead to, result in, sow造成混亂；引起混亂；產生混亂；導致混亂▸➤add to加劇混亂◇This latest decision has only added to the general confusion.最近的這個決定只是加劇了總體的混亂。➤minimize盡可能減少混亂◇medication labels that minimize confusion盡量減少混亂的藥品標籤➤clarify, clear up, dispel, eliminate澄清困惑；消除混亂；驅除困惑；排除混亂▸➤plunge sb/sth into, throw sb/sth into使⋯陷入混亂；使⋯驚慌失措◇The office has been thrown into total confusion by her resignation.她的辭職使辦事處陷入一片混亂。➤sense感覺到混亂◇I could sense her confusion and frustration.我能感覺到她的困惑與沮喪。CONFUSION + VERB➤arise, reign混亂發生；一切都很混亂◇Confusion reigns when two managers give conflicting instructions.兩位經理給出的指示相互矛盾，一切都亂套了。➤surround sth混亂圍繞⋯發生◇The government needs to clear up the confusion surrounding its policy on water.政府需要釐清混亂的水務政策。PREPOSITION➤in (the) confusion在迷惑中◇She stared at them both in utter confusion.她盯着他倆，完全不知所措。◇In the confusion that followed, she managed to slip away unnoticed.在接下來的混亂中，她設法神不知鬼不覺地溜走了。➤confusion about, confusion over, confusion regarding關於⋯的困惑◇There is widespread confusion about the government's health policy.對於政府的衞生政策，人們普遍覺得費解。◇There has been considerable confusion regarding the facts of her death.人們對她死亡一事感到頗為費解。➤confusion among⋯中的混亂◇The announcement caused a lot of confusion among the students.這個佈告令學生大惑不解。➤confusion as to關於⋯的困惑◇confusion as to the whereabouts of the man關於這名男子行踪的疑團➤confusion between⋯之間的混淆◇confusion between letters of the alphabet分不清字母表中的字母➤confusion with分不清⋯與⋯◇the confusion of this book with her last one把這本書與她上一本書弄混PHRASES➤a scene of confusion, a state of confusion混亂的景象／狀態▸➤to avoid confusion為避免混亂◇To avoid confusion, label each box clearly.為了避免混亂，給每一個盒子貼上清楚的標籤。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335
confusion noun
⇨ chaos (The smoke bombs created confusion and panic.) ⇨ doubt 1 (confusion about what to do next)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2692 COCA: 3335
confusion
Feelings of confusion and distraction: confusion, ambiguity, bewilderment...
Untidiness and untidy situations: omnishambles, mess, chaos...
Mistakes: fail, miscommunication, error...

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