say noun ⇨powersay verb ⇨say1 (‘Hello!’ she said.)⇨say2 (I can't say I blame her.)⇨say3 (We'll finish in, let's say, three months.)⇨predict (Who can say where it will end?)⇨quote (say a quiet prayer)⇨I dare say⇨supposesay1
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂!”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说,三个月我们就能完成。say ♦︎ speak ♦︎ talkThese words all mean to use your voice to express sth, especially in words.这些词均表示说、讲。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to say sth / speak / talk to sb◆to say sth / speak / talk about sth◆They were speaking / talking (in) French.■say(said, said) [transitive] to tell sb sth, using words说;讲;告诉◆She said nothing to me about it.她没有跟我说过这件事。◆That's a terrible thing to say.这话可说不得。◆I didn't believe a word she said.她说的话我一句都不信。◆He said (that) his name was Sam.他说他的名字叫萨姆。◆She finds it hard to say what she feels.她觉得自己内心的感受难以言说。◆'Why can't I go out now?' 'Because I say so.'“为什么我现在不能出去?”“因为我说了不能。”◆He said to meet him here.他说来这儿跟他见面。ⓘ In stories, the subject often comes after said, says or say when it follows the actual words spoken, unless it is a pronoun.在故事或小说中,当said、says或say出现在直接引语的后面时,主语(代词除外)常位于said等之后◆'Hello!' she said.“喂!”她说。◆'That was marvellous,' said Daniel.“好极了。”丹尼尔说。■speak(spoke, spoken) [intransitive] to use your voice to say sth说话;讲话◆He can't speak because of a throat infection.他嗓子发炎,不能说话。◆Please speak more slowly.请说慢一点。◆Without speaking, she stood up and went out.她没有说话,站起身来走了出去。◆What language are they speaking in?他们说的是哪种语言?◆He speaks with a strange accent.他说话口音很特别。ⓘ Speak also means 'to be able to use a particular language'. In this meaning it is not used in the progressive tenses. * speak还可表示“会说某种语言”,表达此义时不用于进行时 [transitive] ◆She speaks several languages / a little Urdu / an unusual dialect.她会说几种语言/一点乌尔都语/一种罕见的方言。◆Do you speak English?你会讲英语吗? see also speak ⇨ talk, speaker ⇨ speaker1■talk [intransitive, transitive] to say words in a language(用某种语言)讲,说,说话◆Alex can't talk yet-he's only just one year old.亚历克斯还不会说话-他才一岁大。◆Are they talking Swedish or Danish?他们说的是瑞典语还是丹麦语? see also talk ⇨ talk, talker ⇨ speaker1NOTE辨析 Speak or talk?Talk is much more frequent than speak in spoken English. If sb can't speak they are physically unable to speak because of illness, disability or emotion. If you are talking about a baby who has not learned to talk yet, use talk.在口语中talk比speak常用得多。can't speak指由于生病、残疾或情感等原因失去了说话的能力。表示婴儿尚未学会说话要用talk。say2
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂!”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说,三个月我们就能完成。➡ See also the entries for declare and show3另见declare条和show条第3义say ♦︎ talk ♦︎ express ♦︎ put ♦︎ voice ♦︎ air ♦︎ phraseThese words all mean to let people know how you feel or what you think by speaking.这些词均表示用言语表达、表述。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to express / voice / air your thoughts / opinions / views / concerns◆to express / put / phrase sth clearly◆to talk / express yourself / air sth openly◆to talk / express yourself freely■say(said, said) [transitive, intransitive] to give an opinion on sth表达,表述(见解)◆Say what you like(= although you disagree) about her, she's a fine singer.随你怎么说,反正她是个优秀歌手。◆I'll say this for them, they're a very efficient company.我要为他们说句公道话,他们公司的效率的确很高。◆Anna thinks I'm lazy-what do you say(= what is your opinion)?安娜认为我懒惰-你说呢?◆It's hard to say what caused the accident.很难说造成事故的原因是什么。◆I can't say I blame her for resigning(= I think she was right).她辞职了,我不能说她不对。◆I wouldn't say they were rich(= in my opinion they are not rich).我认为他们并不富裕。◆'When will it be finished?' 'I couldn't say(= I don't know).'“什么时候能够完成?”“说不好。”■talk [intransitive, transitive] to say things, especially in order to express feelings or ideas; to say things that are/are not sensible说话;谈论;说,讲(有理、无理的话)◆Stop talking and listen!别说话了,注意听!◆He talked excitedly of his plans.他兴奋地谈起自己的计划。◆She talks a lot of sense.她讲得很在理。◆You're talking nonsense!你胡说八道!➡ See also the entry for talk另见talk条■express [transitive] (ratherformal) to show or make known a feeling, opinion or idea by words, looks or actions表示,表达,表露(感情、意见或想法)◆Teachers have expressed concern about the emphasis on testing.教师对偏重考试的问题表示担忧。◆Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well.也许我没把自己的意思表达清楚。◆She expresses herself most fully in her paintings.她在画作中把自己的感情表现得淋漓尽致。ⓘ Express is often followed by a noun describing a feeling or emotion. * express后面常接表示感觉或感情的名词◆to express (your, my, etc.) dissatisfaction / fear / horror / gratitude / desire表达(你的、我的等)不满/担忧/惊恐/感激/欲望Say and talk cannot be used in this way. Use express yourself to talk about saying what you think or feel so that people understand, or with by,through or in to talk about showing your feelings in a particular way, such as through art or poetry. * say和talk不能这样用。express yourself指表达自己的思想感情以使别人明白,或与by、through或in连用,指以某种形式(如通过艺术或诗歌等)来表现自己的感情。 see also expression ⇨ expression1■put [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to express or state sth in a particular way(以某种方式)说,表达◆She put it very tactfully.她的话说得很巧妙。◆Put simply, we accept their offer or go bankrupt.简单地说吧,我们要么接受他们的条件,要么破产。◆I was, to put it mildly, annoyed(= I was extremely angry).委婉点地说,我很不高兴。◆He was too trusting-or, to put it another way, he had no head for business.他太轻信人了-或者换个说法,他没有商业头脑。◆She had never tried to put this feeling into words.她从未试图把这种感情说出来。■voice [transitive] (ratherformal) to tell people your feelings or opinions about sth表示,表达,吐露(感情或意见)◆A number of parents have voiced concern about their children's safety.一些家长对子女的安全表示担心。■air [transitive] (ratherformal) to express your opinions publicly公开发表(意见)◆The weekly meeting enables employees to air their grievances.每周的例会使雇员有机会诉说委屈。NOTE辨析 Voice or air?You can voice an opinion to one person, but if you air an opinion, you are usually sharing it with many people, at a meeting for example. * voice可指向一个人表达意见,而air通常指向众人公开发表意见,如在会议上。■phrase [transitive] to say or write sth, arranging the words in a particular way(以某种方式)表达,措辞,推敲◆I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.我赞同他说的话,但我会以不同的方式来表述。say3
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂!”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说,三个月我们就能完成。say ♦︎ suppose ♦︎ speculate ♦︎ presume ♦︎ postulate ♦︎ presupposeThese words all mean to suggest or give sth as a possibility, or act as if sth were true even though you have no definite proof.这些词均表示假定、假设。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to say / suppose / speculate / presume / postulate / presuppose that...◆to suppose / presume / postulate / presuppose the existence of sth◆let's (just) / let us say / suppose (that...)■say(said, said) [transitive, no passive] (especiallyspoken) used to give or suggest sth as an example or possibility比方说;假设◆You could learn the basics in, let's say, three months.比方说,三个月你就可以掌握基本知识。◆Take any writer, say(= for example) Dickens...随便举一个作家为例,比如说狄更斯⋯◆Say you lose your job. What then?假设你丢了工作,那会怎样?■suppose [transitive] to pretend that sth is true; to imagine what would happen if sth were true假定;假设;设想◆Suppose all the flights are booked on that day. Which other day could we go?假定那天的航班都订满了,我们还可以哪天走呢?◆Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children.比方说,假设你成家了,还有两个孩子。◆Suppose him dead-what then?假如他死了,那怎么办?■speculate ˈspekjuleɪt [transitive] to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts推测;猜测;推断◆Everyone speculated wildly about the reasons for her resignation.大家都胡乱推测她辞职的原因。◆It's useless to speculate why he did it.对于他为什么这样做,妄加猜测一点用也没有。 see also speculation ⇨ speculation, speculative ⇨ supposed■presumeprɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm [transitive] (ratherformal) to accept that sth is true until it is shown not to be true, for example in court; to accept sth as true or real and take action on that basis(在法庭上等)推定,假定;假设(作为行事的基础)◆Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead.有十二名旅客失踪,已推定罹难。◆In English law, a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty.英国法律规定,一个人在被证明有罪之前推定为无辜。 see also presumption ⇨ speculation, presume ⇨ suppose■postulateˈpɒstjuleɪt; NAmEˈpɑːstʃəleɪt [transitive] (formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis of a theory or argument假定,假设(以作为理论或论证的基础)◆Some linguists have postulated a change in English pronunciation from around 1600.一些语言学家假定大约从1600年开始英语发音出现了变化。■presupposeˌpriːsəˈpəʊz; NAmEˌpriːsəˈpoʊz [transitive] (formal) (of a person) to accept sth as true or real and base your actions on that before it has been proved; (of an argument or reason) to depend on sth else being true in order to exist or be valid(人)姑且认为,假设;(论点或理由)以⋯为前提,依⋯而定◆Teachers sometimes presuppose a fairly high level of knowledge on the part of the students.教师有时会假定学生有相当高的知识水平。◆This argument presupposes that all children start off life with equal advantages.这个论点的前提是,所有儿童生来都具有同等的优势。 see also presupposition ⇨ speculation
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