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IELTS BNC: 817 COCA: 645

economy

Word family 
Related topics: Economics
e·con·o·my1 /ɪˈkɒnəmi $ ɪˈkɑː-/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun (plural economies)
1  [countableC]PE the system by which a country’s money and goods are produced and used, or a country considered in this way 經濟；經濟制度；經濟體
a successful economy
發展成功的經濟
the slowdown in the Japanese economy
日本經濟的減緩
n Grammar
You say the economy when talking about the economic system in a particular country:
Tourism is an important part of the economy.
✗Don’t say: Tourism is an important part of economy.
2  SPEND MONEY[countableC] something that you do in order to spend less money 節約措施，省錢辦法
The council must make economies to meet government spending targets.
市政會必須采取節約措施以達到政府的開支指標。
Not insuring your belongings is a false economy (=it is cheaper but could have bad results).
不給個人財産投保實際上並不劃算。
3  [uncountableU]SPEND MONEY the careful use of money, time, goods etc so that nothing is wasted 節約，節儉
The gas fire was turned low for reasons of economy.
爲了節省，把煤氣取暖器開小了。
The company announced that it would cut 500 jobs as part of an economy drive (=a way to save money).
公司宣布將裁員500人，作爲節省開支的措施之一。
4. economies of scale technicalTIBBT the financial advantages of producing something in very large quantities 規模經濟〔因生産規模擴大而成本降低〕
Examples from the Corpus
economies of scale• Analogously, large loans attract a lower interest rate than small loans because of the administrative economies of scale.• World trade, then, allows what economists call economies of scale.• Each has been trying to outbid the rest in an attempt to gain market share and so exploit economies of scale.• However, just to confuse matters, economies of scale plus economies of scope do not imply subadditivity.• There are a number of qualifications to this prediction, apart from the possibility of economies of scale discussed above.• Yet it is clear that transport costs can have important consequences in the presence of economies of scale.• The benefits of reaping economies of scale depend upon how far costs fall as output levels are increased.• This is not to say that mass markets have disintegrated or that economies of scale are irrelevant to competitive performance.
→ black economy, market economy, mixed economy
 COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + economy
strong/healthy/sound 繁榮的/健康的/健全的
The new government inherited a strong economy.
新政府接手的是一個經濟繁榮的國家。
weak/ailing/depressed 疲軟的/不景氣的/蕭條的
The economy is weak and consumer confidence is low.
經濟疲軟，消費者信心低迷。
fragile (=weak and likely to become worse) 脆弱的
nThe country’s fragile economy depends almost exclusively on tourism.
stable (=steady, rather than being strong then weak) 穩定的
The economy has been relatively stable for the last two or three years.
最近兩三年來經濟相對穩定。
stagnant (=bad and not progressing or improving) 停滞的
nMeasures aimed at reviving the stagnant economy are not working.
a flagging economy (=starting to become weaker) 逐漸衰弱的經濟
The government must take action to boost the flagging economy.
政府必須采取措施振興萎靡的經濟。
a booming economy (=extremely strong and successful) 迅速發展的經濟
What can we learn from China’s booming economy?
我們能從中國迅速發展的經濟中學到什麽？
the world/global economy 世界/全球經濟
Rising oil prices threaten the world economy.
油價上漲威脅世界經濟。
the local/national/domestic economy (=in one particular country or area) 當地/國民/國内經濟
The new factory has given a massive boost to the local economy.
新工廠大大推動了當地經濟。
nthe British/American/Japanese etc economy
The Japanese economy is showing signs of recovery.
a large/powerful economy 經濟大國/經濟強國
the world’s two most powerful economies
世界上兩個最強大的經濟體
a small economy 小型經濟體
Small economies like Kenya might struggle to survive in a global recession.
像肯尼亞這樣的小型經濟體可能要在全球經濟衰退中掙紮求存。
na developing economy (=one that is getting stronger and starting to include more modern industries)
Many developing economies are investing in sources of renewable energy.
an industrial economy (=one that is based mainly on industries producing goods or materials) 工業經濟
Expectations for growth in the main industrial economies remain low.
對於主要工業經濟體增長的預期依然很低。
an agricultural/a rural economy (=one that is based mainly on farming) 農業經濟
The early 1920s saw a rapid expansion in the American agricultural economy.
20世紀20年代初美國的農業經濟迅速增長。
a service economy (=one that is based mainly on selling services such as insurance or tourism) 服務(型)經濟
Britain has shifted from a manufacturing to a service economy.
英國已從制造型經濟轉爲服務型經濟。
a market/free-market economy (=based on companies producing and selling products freely, without restrictions) 市場/自由市場經濟
Eastern European countries were gradually making the transition to a market economy.
東歐國家正逐漸向市場經濟轉型。
a capitalist/socialist economy (=based on a capitalist or socialist political system) 資本主義/社會主義經濟
the large capitalist economies of western Europe
西歐資本主義經濟大國
the black economy especially British EnglishBrE (=business activity in which people buy and sell goods illegally, without paying tax) 黑色[非法]經濟
nIllegal immigrants have to seek work in the black economy.
verbs
manage/handle the economy 管理經濟
Governments are judged on how well they manage the economy.
通過管理經濟的能力來對政府進行評估。
ndevelop/expand the economy
The tax cut should help to expand the economy.
boost the economy (=make it stronger) 促進經濟發展
It is hoped that the Olympic Games will boost the country’s economy.
人們希望奧運會能促進國家經濟。
harm/damage the economy (=make it less successful) 損害/破壞經濟
Sanctions have damaged the economy.
制裁措施使經濟蒙受了損失。
destroy the economy 摧毀經濟
The floods last year destroyed the region’s economy.
去年的洪水摧毀了該地區的經濟。
the economy develops/expands/grows (=becomes more successful) 經濟發展/增長
The economy grew by 3% last year.
去年經濟增長了3%。
the economy booms (=becomes very successful very quickly) 經濟迅速發展
nThe economy is booming and share prices are at an all-time high.
the economy slows down 經濟放緩
The US economy is slowing down after a long period of growth.
美國經濟長期增長後正逐漸放緩。
the economy recovers (=returns to normal condition after a period of trouble or difficulty) 經濟複蘇
nThe economy is beginning to recover from the recession.
n USAGE: Economy, economics
Don't confuse economy (=a country's economic system) and economics (=the study of how money is produced and used). You say:
He is studying economics.
✗Don’t say: He is studying economy.
Examples from the Corpus
economy• Inflation is a major problem in many South American economies.• It is impossible to quantify the exact value of the black economy.• Sparse, willful and distinct, Ladd manages an enviable economy with his music.• In a global economy, the only way to maintain a competitive edge is to lead the world in innovation.• The rush to a market economy is not enough: all that will bring is the destruction of the old system.• The republics would need to create the legal framework and conditions for market economies.• For reasons of economy, the armed forces keep equipment in service for 15 to 20 years.• For that reason, the gradual restraint of inflation and cooling of this overheated economy look impossible.• The absence of competition in the command political economy can result in problems as serious as those from excessive competition.• shadow economies that escape accurate analysis• Poland is trying to move from a centrally planned socialist economy to a free-market capitalist economy.• Low interest rates will help the economy.• Sometimes it is the economy that goes wrong.• The government's management of the economy has been severely criticized.• In the long run the economy will tend to gravitate towards a position of Walrasian equilibrium.• Quite apart from the political fallout, there is the nagging worry that the economy may already be on the brink of recession.
make economies• Non-redundancy dismissals By no means every dismissal occasioned by the need to restructure the business or to make economies is due to redundancy.
economy drive• One of the early acts of his Administration was an economy drive which included a horizontal slash in public pay.• Britain's newest taxpayer took her economy drive even further by visiting the Oxford Oxfam shop.• And the leisure department is to be ordered on to a tough economy drive, paring back all unnecessary expenditure.
economy2 adjectiveadj
economy size/pack BUYa product that is cheaper because you are buying a larger amount 經濟裝，實惠裝〔指比標準包裝量大而便宜的包裝〕
From Longman Business Dictionary
economye·con·o·my1 /ɪˈkɒnəmiɪˈkɑː-/ noun (plural economies)
1[countableC]ECONOMICS the system by which a country’s goods and services are produced and used, or a country considered in this way
the transformation from a centrally planned socialist economy to a market-led one
He expects Europe’s economies over the long run to grow faster than the US’s.
→ black economy → command economy → exchange economy → free economy → global economy → Goldilocks economy → informal economy → knowledge economy → market economy → mixed economy → parallel economy → planned economy → political economy → real economy → service economy → shadow economy
2[uncountableU] the careful use of money, goods, time etc so that nothing is wasted
For reasons of economy, the heating had been turned down.
The post office was closed as part of an economy drive (=a planned effort to cut costs).
3[countableC] a way of spending less money
Following the merger, the group should make economies of about FFr200 million next year.
As an economy measure, the company started to cut back on training.
4false economy something that seems to be a way of spending less money, but actually costs you more money in the end
Buying cheaper, poorer quality materials is often a false economy.
economyeconomy2 adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
1an economy fare, hotel etc is cheaper than other things of the same type
You can choose from a range of economy and medium-priced hotels.
2an economy-size product or packet contains more than a normal one and is cheap compared to the normal size product
a large economy-size packet of detergent
Origin economy1
(1400-1500) French Greek oikonomia, from oikonomos “manager of a house”
IELTS BNC: 817 COCA: 645
economy

noun¹

 1operation of a country's money supply國家貨幣供應運作ADJECTIVE | VERB + ECONOMY | ECONOMY + VERB | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤booming, buoyant, dynamic, healthy, prosperous, robust, sound, stable, strong, thriving, vibrant蓬勃的經濟；繁榮的經濟；有活力的經濟；健康的經濟；穩定的經濟；強大的經濟➤expanding, growing增長的經濟➤improving, recovering, strengthening提升中的／恢復中的／逐漸增強的經濟▸➤ailing, bad, declining, depressed, failing, faltering, flagging, moribund, sagging, slowing, sluggish, slumping, sputtering, stagnant, struggling, troubled, weakening不景氣的經濟；蕭條的經濟；衰退的經濟；不振的經濟；低迷的經濟；下滑的經濟；停滯的經濟；疲軟的經濟◇The government devalued the currency to try to revive the flagging economy.政府使貨幣貶值以振興衰退的經濟。➤fragile, vulnerable, weak脆弱的經濟；疲軟的經濟➤overheated過熱的經濟➤bubble泡沫經濟◇In order for our bubble economy to continue expanding, Americans must continue spending.為了讓我們的泡沫經濟繼續膨脹，美國人必須繼續消費。➤competitive有競爭力的經濟➤sustainable可持續的經濟▸➤advanced, developed, modern發達的經濟；現代的經濟➤developing, emerging, new, third-world發展中的經濟；新興的經濟；第三世界的經濟▸➤agrarian, agricultural, capitalist, free-market, industrial, industrialized, knowledge-based, liberal, market, mixed, monetary, planned, political, rural, socialist農村／農業／資本主義／自由市場／工業／工業化／知識／自由／市場／混合／貨幣／計劃／政治／鄉村／社會主義經濟◇a modern industrial economy現代工業經濟➤domestic, global, globalized, internal, international, local, national, world國內經濟；全球經濟；國際經濟；地方經濟；國家經濟；世界經濟◇the increasingly competitive global economy競爭日趨激烈的全球經濟➤black, illicit, informal, underground黑色／非法／灰色／地下經濟◇The black economy booms when there is high unemployment.失業率偏高，黑市經濟就會繁榮起來。VERB + ECONOMY➤build, create, rebuild建設經濟；重建經濟◇Each party has its own strategy for building a strong economy.各政黨都有各自壯大經濟的策略。➤control, handle, manage, regulate, run控制經濟；管理經濟；調控經濟◇The government was accused of failing to run the economy competently.政府被指責未能有效地搞好經濟。➤bolster, boost, develop, expand, grow, improve, jump-start, kick-start, rescue, revitalize, revive, spur, stimulate, strengthen振興經濟；發展經濟；擴大經濟；促進經濟；改善經濟；搞活經濟；挽救經濟；復蘇經濟；穩定經濟；刺激經濟；加強經濟▸➤cripple, damage, destabilize, destroy, devastate, disrupt, harm, hurt, ruin, undermine, weaken, wreck破壞經濟；損害經濟；削弱經濟；摧毀經濟➤drive, fuel推動／刺激經濟◇Income from this exported crop drove the economy of Mali.這種農作物出口的收入推動了馬裏的經濟增長。➤slow使經濟放緩◇Government measures to slow the economy failed to curb fuel demand growth.政府控制經濟增速的措施未能遏制燃油需求的增加。➤shape, transform使經濟成型／轉型◇This massive retailer has been shaping the economy for a decade.十年來這一大型零售商一直在左右着經濟。➤benefit, help, support, sustain助益／幫助／支持／維持經濟◇We want to support the local economy.我們要支持當地經濟。➤threaten威脅經濟◇Should we be worried that a dollar crisis threatens the economy?我們應該為美元危機對經濟造成威脅感到擔憂嗎？➤fix, stabilize修復／穩定經濟➤reform, restructure改革經濟；調整經濟結構➤liberalize, modernize使經濟自由化／現代化◇Japan has successfully modernized its economy.日本成功地實現了經濟現代化。➤diversify使經濟多元化◇Cuba should have been able to diversify its economy.古巴本應該有能力使經濟更加多元化。➤dominate主導經濟◇Tourism clearly dominates the local economy.旅遊業明顯主導着當地經濟。ECONOMY + VERB➤boom, develop, expand, flourish, grow, improve經濟繁榮／發展／擴大／昌盛／增長／改善➤be in recession, go into recession經濟衰退▸➤collapse, contract, decline, fail, falter, shrink, slow, stagnate, struggle, suffer經濟崩潰／收縮／下滑／失敗／舉步維艱／縮水／減速／停滯／掙紮／受挫▸➤pick up, rebound, recover, stabilize, turn around, turn round (especially BrE) 經濟好轉；經濟恢復；經濟穩定；經濟復蘇➤be based on sth經濟基於⋯◇The region has an economy based on services and finance.該地區的經濟以服務業和金融業為基礎。➤emerge from sth經濟擺脫⋯◇The South African economy emerged from decades of international isolation.南非的經濟擺脫了與國際社會隔離了幾十年的狀況。➤experience sth經濟經歷⋯◇It has been a while since the economy experienced a deep economic downturn.經濟深度下探已經持續了一段時間。➤function, operate, perform經濟運作／發揮功能／表現◇The economy is functioning very poorly.經濟運行很糟糕。➤move經濟運行◇It's the industry which keeps our national economy moving.這一產業保證國家經濟運行。➤hum, hum along (especially NAmE) 經濟穩步運行◇The economy is humming along at a healthy 4% pace.經濟以 4% 的速度健康穩步地運行。➤create sth, generate sth, produce sth經濟創造⋯／產生⋯／產出⋯PHRASES➤an area of the economy, a sector of the economy經濟領域／部門◇Drivers are needed in all sectors of the economy.各個經濟部門都需要司機。➤the backbone of the economy, the mainstay of the economy經濟支柱◇Agriculture was the backbone of the economy.從前農業是經濟支柱。➤a downturn in the economy, a downturn of the economy經濟衰退◇A downturn in the economy is affecting many small businesses.經濟衰退影響到很多小企業。➤growth in the economy, growth of the economy經濟增長◇A small manufacturing sector inhibits growth in the economy.製造業規模太小有礙經濟增長。➤control, handling, management, etc. of the economy經濟的控制／操控／管理等◇37% approved the president's handling of the economy.37% 的人贊成總統對經濟的調節方式。➤the size of the economy, the state of the economy經濟規模；經濟狀況◇The government has been criticized over the state of the economy.政府因其管理下的經濟狀況而受到批評。  ➡ topic at business
economy

noun²

 2careful use of money/time/resources金錢、時間或資源的運用ADJECTIVE | VERB + ECONOMY | ECONOMY + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤significant有重大意義的節約方式▸➤false虛假節約◇Buying cheap shoes is a false economy.買便宜鞋穿並不省錢。➤fuel燃油節約◇The company has improved the fuel economy of all its vehicles.公司改進了所有車輛的節油性能。VERB + ECONOMY➤achieve, make實現節約；實行節省◇We could achieve major economies in time with this new machinery.用這台新機器我們可以節約大量時間。ECONOMY + NOUN➤drive (BrE) 節約運動◇Savings are being planned as part of a huge economy drive.計劃中節省資源是這個大規模節約運動的一部份。PREPOSITION➤economy in在⋯方面的節約◇possible economies in telephone costs有可能節約的電話費開支PHRASES➤economy of effort, economy of movement省力◇It was impressive to see her economy of movement as she worked the machine.令人印象深刻的是她操作機器十分省力。➤economy of scale規模經濟◇Bigger markets can provide significant economies of scale.擴大市場能夠形成強大的規模經濟。
IELTS BNC: 817 COCA: 645
IELTS BNC: 817 COCA: 645
economy
Economy and economics: agronomics, austerity, boom...
Economic systems: capitalism, command economy, communism...
Words used to describe extent of use: at full stretch, devoted, disuse...
Careful with money: thrifty, economical, frugal...
Air travel and relating to air travel: accompanied baggage, aerial, airdash...
Cheap and inexpensive: cheap, economic, competitive...

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