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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680

penalty

Word family 
Related topics: Law, Sport, Football
pen·al·ty /ˈpenlti/ ●●○ W3 noun (plural penalties) [countableC]  
1  SCLPUNISHa punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement 〔因违反法律、规则或合约而受到的〕惩罚，处罚
 No littering. Penalty $500.
禁止乱扔垃圾。 违者罚款500美元。
 Withdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty.
提前支取这笔钱将被处以10%的罚金。
penalty for
 The penalty for a first offense is a fine.
初犯将处以罚款。
severe/stiff/heavy penalty
 Drug dealers face severe penalties.
毒贩面临严厉处罚。
 If he is convicted, he could receive the death penalty (=be killed as a punishment).
一旦定罪，他可能会被判处死刑。
► see thesaurus at punishment
2  UNPLEASANTsomething bad that happens to you because of something you have done or because of the situation you are in 不利，害处
penalty of (doing) something
 One of the penalties of being famous is the loss of privacy.
成名的弊端之一就是失去隐私。
 If you don’t do the job right, you will pay the penalty.
要是不好好干活的话，你会有麻烦的。
3  DSa disadvantage in sports given to a player or team for breaking a rule 〔体育运动中对犯规者的〕判罚，处罚
 Woodson received a penalty.
伍德森受到了处罚。
4  DSFa chance to kick the ball or hit the puck into the goal in a game of football, rugby, or ice hockey, given because the other team has broken a rule 〔足球中的〕点球；〔橄榄球、冰球中的〕罚球
 Townsend kicked a penalty (=in a rugby game) in the last minute.
最后一分钟，汤森罚进了一球。
 Leeds were awarded a penalty.
利兹队获得一次点球机会。
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + penalty
a severe/stiff/heavy/tough/harsh penalty
There were calls for stiffer penalties for killers of police officers.
the maximum penalty
The maximum penalty for the offence is now three years’ imprisonment.
a financial penalty
Parents who fail to prevent their children committing crimes are to face heavy financial penalties.
the death penalty (=the punishment of being killed)
If convicted, they face the death penalty.
verbs
a crime carries a penalty
Murder carries a minimum penalty of 15 years in prison.
impose a penalty
Severe penalties are imposed for election fraud.
face a penalty
He faces a maximum penalty of 10 years’ imprisonment.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 4: a chance to kick the ball or hit the puck into the goal in a game of football, rugby, or ice hockey, given because the other team has broken a rule
verbs
take a penalty (=in football or soccer)
Why did they let Jones take the penalty?
kick a penalty (=in rugby)
Jon Bland kicked a penalty to make it 6–3.
miss a penalty
He missed that penalty against France.
score a penalty
Billy Dodds scored a penalty for Rangers after 55 minutes.
award/give (a team) a penalty
The referee awarded Bradford a penalty in the final minute.
Examples from the Corpus
penalty• Although Newton missed the conversion, he added a penalty five minutes later.• And they had disintegrated in familiar fashion, with careless penalties and rampant ragged play.• In 1969, Britain abolished the death penalty for murder.• Drug smugglers face the death penalty if they are caught.• Then they filed another appeal in the federal courts challenging the constitutionality of the death penalty.• The contract includes stiff financial penalties for failure to complete the work on time.• While workers would lose pay during this leave, they would be shielded by the law against any other penalty.• Their fears may be justified, but the penalties of content control are very high.• The penalty for treason was always death.• He was given three penalty points and ordered to pay £15 towards prosecution costs.• You will be issued with penalty notices and the amounts due will be shown on your self-assessment statements.
penalty for• Answer all questions on the test - there's no penalty for guessing.
penalty of (doing) something• Penalty of perjury Applicants are also asked to sign an affidavit attesting to the accuracy of the information under penalty of perjury.• All are defined as crimes against humanity and carry a penalty of life imprisonment.• The suit demands damages and a civil penalty of ten times actual damages.• The transport energy penalty of a high-mass construction was described above.• If stuck, use a general penalty of -10 to Fel if the mask can be seen.• Those convicted by the tribunal face a maximum penalty of life in prison.• Millard said he would seek the maximum penalty of life in prison without parole.• Businesses must synchronize their production choices with consumer choices or face the penalty of losses and eventual bankruptcy.
kicked ... penalty• Gregory converted the try and as he had also kicked a penalty goal early in the match Nottingham were on their way.• Leos scored tries through their scrum half Paul Mildenstein and fly half Ian Davidson, who converted both and kicked a penalty.• Didier Camberabero kicked a penalty and converted a characteristic try by Serge Blanco.• Alresford lifted the siege when Clarke kicked a penalty from fully 40 metres, and they followed up with the decisive try.• Andy Craggs kicked a penalty for Park.• Earlier, Craggs had kicked a penalty and then hit the post when attempting to convert Steve Towns' try.• McCall kicked a penalty five minutes from time to make sure for Bangor, who then added two tries as Collegians faded.• Parry kicked a penalty after three minutes before Stephens replied for Llanelli.
From Longman Business Dictionary
penaltypen·al·ty /ˈpenlti/ noun (plural penalties) [countableC]
1a punishment for breaking a law or rule
penalty for
There will be increased penalties for dumping oil at sea.
The offence carries a maximum penalty of two years’ imprisonment.
The stiff penalties (=severe penalties) facing the eight racketeers are likely to act as a strong deterrent.
2BANKINGINSURANCEan amount of money someone has to pay if they do not keep to a legal agreement, especially an agreement with a bank or an insurance company
penalty for
There is a 10% penalty for withdrawing funds in the first three years.
→ surrender penalty
Origin penalty
(1500-1600) Medieval Latin poenalitas, from Latin poenalis; → PENAL
pen·al·ty noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty

noun¹

 1punishment懲罰ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤harsh, heavy, hefty, severe, stiff, strict, substantial, tough嚴厲的處罰；重罰；嚴懲➤draconian嚴厲的處罰➤light輕罰▸➤maximum, minimum最重的／最輕的處罰➤ultimate極刑◇These crimes carried with them the ultimate penalty of execution.這些罪行導致他們被處以極刑。➤automatic, fixed, mandatory自動處罰；定額罰款；強制性處罰◇a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences一套新的適用於大多數交通違章的定額罰款系統◇The legislation sanctions harsh mandatory penalties for weapons possession.法規批准對持有武器實行嚴厲制裁。➤financial, monetary, tax經濟處罰；罰款；稅務罰款◇the heavy financial penalties of paying off the loan early為提前還清貸款而交納的巨額罰款➤exit, redemption (both BrE) 按揭退出費；解除抵押罰金◇There are redemption penalties if you pay off the mortgage early.如果提前還清按揭，要付解約費。➤death死刑◇the movement for the abolition of the death penalty爭取廢除死刑的運動➤civil, criminal民事／刑事處罰VERB + PENALTY➤impose, introduce, levy加以處罰；推行處罰；收罰款➤reintroduce, restore恢復處罰◇calls to restore the death penalty對恢復死刑的呼籲➤apply, give, hand down, hand out40 - espbr added :pooler-->, issue (especially BrE) 運用／給予／公佈／提出／發佈處罰◇The penalty handed down was disproportionate to the crime committed.被判處的刑罰與所犯罪行不相稱。➤exact (formal) , implement (especially BrE) 強制執行／實施懲罰◇From time to time, the death penalty was exacted for murder.犯謀殺罪者有時被執行死刑。➤charge (especially BrE) 收取罰金20 in BrE - espbr added :pooler-->◇Some lenders charge heavy penalties for early settlement.有些貸款人對提前還清貸款收取巨額罰金。➤enforce, prescribe執行／處以罰款➤threaten威脅要處罰➤receive收到罰款➤seek謀求罰款◇He was seeking financial penalties against the company.他正謀求對該公司處以罰款。➤deserve應該受罰➤risk冒罰款的風險➤increase, stiffen, toughen加重／加強／強化處罰➤reduce減輕處罰➤attract, carry招致處罰◇crimes which carry severe penalties要受嚴懲的罪行➤face, incur面臨／招致處罰➤avoid, escape避免／逃脫處罰➤waive免予處罰◇Credit card companies will waive penalties for flood victims who are unable to pay on time.信用卡公司將免除無法按時還款的水災災民的滯納金。➤eliminate撤銷處罰PENALTY + NOUN➤fee罰款➤notice, ticket (both BrE) 罰款通知單◇You will be given a fixed penalty notice if you fail to renew insurance on time.如未能及時續保，將收到定額罰款通知書。➤fine (BrE) 罰款◇There is a fixed penalty fine of £50 for allowing your dog to foul public places.狗在公共場所排便，其主人要被處以 50 英鎊的定額罰款。➤point (BrE) 違章駕駛罰分◇Penalty points are given to drivers who speed.超速行駛的司機要被扣違章分。➤payment (especially BrE) 罰款繳付➤clause (especially BrE) 處罰條款➤system罰款制度PREPOSITION➤on penalty of, under penalty of違背則受⋯處罰◇The Romans prohibited the teaching of the Torah on penalty of death.羅馬人禁止講授《摩西五經》，違者處死。◇The application should be signed under penalty of perjury.申請應簽字，否則以偽證罪論處。➤penalty for因⋯而受的處罰◇the penalty for murder因謀殺而受的刑罰➤penalty on對⋯的處罰◇He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders.他揚言要對未成年犯施加更嚴厲的處罰。
penalty

noun²

 2disadvantage不利VERB + PENALTY | PREPOSITION VERB + PENALTY➤pay, suffer付出代價；招致苦惱◇He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth.現在他要為虛度青春付出代價。◇People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods.失業者遭受的痛苦時間更長。➤accept接受不利後果PREPOSITION➤penalty for因⋯引起不利後果◇You must accept the penalty for your rash actions.你必須為你的魯莽行為付出代價。➤penalty of⋯的弊端◇It's just one of the penalties of fame.它只是成名帶來的苦惱之一。
penalty

noun³

 3in football/soccer足球ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤controversial, disputed, dodgy, informal) , dubious有爭議的處罰；可疑判罰➤winning制勝的點球➤well-struck踢得非常好的點球➤missed沒有踢進的點球➤first-half, injury-time, second-half上半場的／傷停補時階段的／下半場的點球➤early, late開場不久的／臨近終場的點球➤last-minute最後關頭的點球➤12th-minute, etc.第 12 分鐘等的點球VERB + PENALTY➤award (sb), give (sb)判給（某人）點球➤concede, give away送上點球◇They were leading until Cole gave away a penalty.在科爾送出一粒點球之前他們一直領先。➤appeal for要求裁判判罰點球➤be awarded, be given, earn, get, have, land, win被判給點球；得到點球機會◇We were unlucky not to get a penalty.很不幸，我們沒得到點球機會。➤boot50 :pooler-->, dispatch, kick, strike70 :pooler-->, take踢點球300 :pooler-->➤score from罰點球得分190 :pooler-->◇Owen scored from a first-half penalty.歐文上半場點球得分。➤net, slot home踢進點球；點球破門◇Ricketts netted his third penalty of the season to put his team ahead.裏基茨打進了他本賽季的第三粒點球，使他的球隊領先。➤miss沒撲到點球➤save撲出點球PENALTY + NOUN➤area, box, corner, spot罰球區；受罰席；罰球區角；罰球點➤award獲點球➤kick踢點球➤shoot-out點球決勝負➤goal點球得分➤miss點球罰失100 :pooler-->➤save點球的撲救100 :pooler-->➤taker點球主罰者➤chance, opportunity點球機會➤attempt想製造點球PREPOSITION➤penalty by, penalty from由⋯罰的點球◇They won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry.他們靠弗賴伊臨近終場的一粒點球贏得了比賽勝利。  ➡ topic at sports
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty noun
⇨ punishment
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty
General words for punishment: punishment, retribution, lesson...
Actions in playing games or sports: backhand, backhander, ball...

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