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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 6454 COCA: 5809

harmful

Word family 
harm·ful /ˈhɑːmfəl $ ˈhɑːrm-/ ●●○ adjectiveadj  
HARM/BE BAD FORcausing harm 有害的；可致伤害的
 the harmful effects of smoking
吸烟的害处
harmful to
 chemicals that are harmful to the environment
对环境有害的化学品
 THESAURUS
harmful causing physical harm – used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc 〔尤指对健康、环境等〕有害的
Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟有害健康。
drugs with harmful side effects
有不良副作用的药物
be bad for somebody/something to have a harmful effect on someone or something. This phrase is very commonly used in everyday English when saying that something is harmful 对某人/某物有害〔常用于日常英语〕
Everyone knows that too much alcohol is bad for you.
人人都知道饮酒过量对身体有害。
damaging used about things that cause permanent physical harm, or that have a bad effect in other ways, for example on people’s opinion of someone 造成损害[伤害]的；产生不良影响的
Acid rain has a damaging effect on trees and the soil.
酸雨对树木和土壤有破坏作用。
The allegations were very damaging to his career.
这些指控对他的职业生涯极为不利。
nConstant criticism is damaging to a child’s self-esteem.
detrimental formal causing harm or having a bad effect on something 有害的，不利的
Employers are worried that the new laws will have a detrimental effect on their business.
雇主担心新法令对他们的生意会有不利影响。
chemicals that are detrimental to the environment
对环境有害的化学品
npolicies that have been detrimental to the interests of old people
negative a negative effect is one that is bad and causes problems 〔影响〕有害的，不良的
The car tax had a negative effect on car sales.
汽车税对汽车销量有消极影响。
the negative impact of the recession in the US
美国经济衰退的负面影响
hazardous hazardous substances are likely to be dangerous to people’s health and safety 〔物质〕危险的
Hazardous waste needs to be disposed of safely.
危险废料应妥善处理。
hazardous chemicals
危险化学品
toxic toxic substances, smoke etc are poisonous 〔物质、烟等〕有毒的
toxic waste
有毒废料
toxic fumes
有毒烟雾
Toxic chemicals spilled into the river.
有毒化学品泄漏，流入了河中。
pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs $ pər-/ formal used about something that has a gradual bad effect which is not easy to notice, especially on people’s morals, or on their health 〔尤指对人们的道德品质或健康〕有害的〔通常不易察觉〕
the pernicious effects of violent video games
暴力电子游戏的危害性
the pernicious effect of secondhand smoke
二手烟的危害性
Examples from the Corpus
harmful• The creation of the Premier League is therefore irrelevant and potentially harmful.• The problem is, what is good to eat and what is harmful?• Yet medicine is not a precise science and some treatments recommended, though they benefit most casualties, may occasionally be harmful.• Scientists tend to agree that most diets don't work and can be harmful.• Thorough cooking kills harmful bacteria, so be sure ground meat and poultry are cooked to the well-done stage.• Scientists have recommended that new technology be used to target harmful bacteria.• The destruction of the ozone layer will have a very harmful effect on the environment.• Doctors have warned against the harmful effects of smoking.• You should always use sunscreen to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.• The new air pollution controls are designed to limit harmful emissions from industry and motor vehicles.• The cilia in the respiratory tract hasten the exit from the body of possibly harmful foreign material.• Is it a harmful geographic stereotype to suggest that southerners are a little bit poky?• Many of the products that we have around our homes are harmful if swallowed.• Residents living in the Jennyfields area of Harrogate were warned that the pills could prove harmful if taken by children.• The protests were aimed at ending the dumping of harmful industrial waste at sea.• Pushing kids so hard from such an early age is likely to have some harmful results.• If one is inherently harmful, so is the other.• As yet there is no proof that genetically modified foods are harmful to humans.• 80% of Americans think that television is harmful to society and especially to children.• The sun's rays can be very harmful to the skin.
harm·ful adjectiveadj →THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 6454 COCA: 5809
harmful

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, prove有害；證明有害◇The spraying could prove harmful to humans.這種噴霧劑可能證實對人類有害。➤become變得有害▸➤consider sth認為⋯有害◇She actually considered fresh air harmful.她確實認為新鮮空氣有害。ADVERB➤extremely, very極為／非常有害▸➤particularly, positively特別／肯定有害◇These products are often positively harmful.這些產品通常極其有害。➤quite相當有害▸➤possibly, potentially可能有害；有潛在害處◇A lot of these chemicals are potentially very harmful.這些化學品中許多都可能危害很大。➤(not) necessarily( 不 ) 一定有害◇Not all virus infections are necessarily harmful to vines.並非所有病毒感染都一定會對葡萄藤產生危害。➤intrinsically本質上有害▸➤environmentally, socially對環境不利；對社會有害◇These pesticides are environmentally harmful.這些殺蟲劑有害環境。PREPOSITION➤to對⋯有害◇pesticides that are harmful to the environment對環境有害的殺蟲劑
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 6454 COCA: 5809
harmful

adjective

harmful ♦︎ destructive ♦︎ negative ♦︎ damaging ♦︎ bad ♦︎ ill ♦︎ detrimental ♦︎ perniciousThese are all words for things that are likely to cause harm or damage to sth. 这些词均表示有害的、会造成损害的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental to sb / sth◆harmful / damaging / bad for sb◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental / pernicious effect◆ill effects◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / pernicious influence◆harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / detrimental / pernicious consequences◆harmful / negative / damaging / bad publicity◆very / extremely harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental◆potentially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental◆positively harmful / damaging / detrimental◆highly destructive / damaging / detrimental◆environmentally / socially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental■ harmful (rather formal) causing damage or injury to sb/sth, especially to a person's health or to the environment （尤指对健康或环境）有害的，导致损害的◆The harmful effects of alcohol are well established.酒精的害处已有定论。◆Keep food chilled to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.将食物冷藏以防有害细菌的繁殖。◆pesticides that are harmful to the environment对环境有害的杀虫剂OPP harmless ⇨ safe 2   see also harm ⇨ damage noun , harm ⇨ damage verb ■ destructive (rather formal) causing physical destruction, or physical or emotional damage 毁灭性的；伤害身体（或感情）的◆The war demonstrated the destructive power of modern weapons.这次战争显示了现代武器的毁灭性力量。◆People have to learn how to handle destructive emotions like anger.人得学会控制愤怒等有害情绪。■ negative causing damage to a relationship, to a business or a country's economy, or to a person's health or happiness （对关系、企业、国家经济或健康幸福）有害的，有损的◆The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这场危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。◆The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.整个体验当然是利大于弊。ⓘ Negative is used especially to describe the effect, impact, influence, consequences or side effects of sth. * negative尤与effect、impact、influence、consequences或side effects搭配。 OPP positive ⇨ valuable 2   see also negative ⇨ negative ■ damaging causing damage to sb's health, happiness or reputation, or to the environment （对健康、幸福、声誉或环境）有害的，损害的，造成破坏的◆A strike would hit public services and be politically damaging for the government.罢工会重创公共服务业，而且政治上对政府不利。◆Lead is potentially damaging to children's health.铅对儿童健康有潜在危害。  see also damage ⇨ damage noun , damage ⇨ damage verb NOTE 辨析 Harmful or damaging?Things that are harmful hurt the environment or people's health. Things that are damaging can also hurt the environment or health, but more often they hurt people's social or economic welfare (= how much money they have and how comfortable their position in society is), or sb/sth's reputation (= the opinion people have of them). * harmful和damaging都可指对环境或健康有害，但damaging更多指给人们的社会或经济利益带来破坏，或对声誉有损。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) causing or likely to cause damage to sb's health, business, character or reputation （对健康、生意、性格或声誉）有害的，产生损害的◆Sugary drinks are bad for your teeth.含糖饮料对牙齿有害。◆Weather like this is bad for business.这样的天气不利于做生意。◆That girl's a bad influence on Tom.那个女孩带坏了汤姆。◆Sunbeds have received a lot of bad publicity in recent years. Are they safe?近年来有许多关于日光浴床的负面报道，这种床安全吗？ⓘ In this meaning bad is used in the phrase bad for sb/sth and with the collocates influence, publicity and effect. 表达此义时，bad用于短语bad for sb/sth，或与influence、publicity和effect等词搭配。 OPP good ⇨ valuable 2 ■ ill [only before noun] (rather formal) causing or meaning to cause damage to sb's health, comfort or reputation （对健康、舒适或声誉）不好的，有害的，不良的◆He resigned because of ill health.他因健康欠佳而辞职。◆She suffered no ill effects from the experience.这次经历没有使她受到不良影响。◆ (formal) I bear you no ill will (= do not wish any harm to come to you), but I am simply not in a position to help you.我不希望你有事，只是我帮不了你。ⓘ In this meaning ill is used especially with the collocates health, effects, treatment, will and repute. 表达此义时，ill尤与health、effects、treatment、will和repute等词搭配。■ detrimental ˌdetrɪˈmentl (formal) causing damage to the environment, or sb's health or welfare; blocking people's attempts to do sth good （对环境、健康或幸福）有害的，不利的；有碍的◆Emissions from the factory are widely suspected of having a detrimental effect on health.人们普遍怀疑工厂的排放物对健康不利。◆The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策将不利于和平进程。ⓘ Detrimental is nearly always used in the phrases detrimental effect/effects or detrimental to sb/sth. * detrimental几乎总用于短语detrimental effect/effects或detrimental to sb/sth。 OPP beneficial ⇨ valuable 2   see also detriment ⇨ damage noun ■ pernicious pəˈnɪʃəs; NAmE pərˈnɪʃəs (formal) having a very harmful effect on society or morals, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed （尤指潜移默化地对社会或道德）有害的，有恶劣影响的◆They discussed the pernicious influence of TV violence on children.他们讨论了电视暴力对儿童潜移默化的坏影响。◆Ageism is just as offensive and pernicious as sexism.年龄歧视和性别歧视一样引人反感，并且影响恶劣。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 6454 COCA: 5809
harmful
Dangerous or harmful: dangerous, harmful, disastrous...

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