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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2298 COCA: 2680
penalty

noun¹

 1punishment懲罰ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤harsh, heavy, hefty, severe, stiff, strict, substantial, tough嚴厲的處罰；重罰；嚴懲➤draconian嚴厲的處罰➤light輕罰▸➤maximum, minimum最重的／最輕的處罰➤ultimate極刑◇These crimes carried with them the ultimate penalty of execution.這些罪行導致他們被處以極刑。➤automatic, fixed, mandatory自動處罰；定額罰款；強制性處罰◇a new system of fixed penalties for most traffic offences一套新的適用於大多數交通違章的定額罰款系統◇The legislation sanctions harsh mandatory penalties for weapons possession.法規批准對持有武器實行嚴厲制裁。➤financial, monetary, tax經濟處罰；罰款；稅務罰款◇the heavy financial penalties of paying off the loan early為提前還清貸款而交納的巨額罰款➤exit, redemption (both BrE) 按揭退出費；解除抵押罰金◇There are redemption penalties if you pay off the mortgage early.如果提前還清按揭，要付解約費。➤death死刑◇the movement for the abolition of the death penalty爭取廢除死刑的運動➤civil, criminal民事／刑事處罰VERB + PENALTY➤impose, introduce, levy加以處罰；推行處罰；收罰款➤reintroduce, restore恢復處罰◇calls to restore the death penalty對恢復死刑的呼籲➤apply, give, hand down, hand out40 - espbr added :pooler-->, issue (especially BrE) 運用／給予／公佈／提出／發佈處罰◇The penalty handed down was disproportionate to the crime committed.被判處的刑罰與所犯罪行不相稱。➤exact (formal) , implement (especially BrE) 強制執行／實施懲罰◇From time to time, the death penalty was exacted for murder.犯謀殺罪者有時被執行死刑。➤charge (especially BrE) 收取罰金20 in BrE - espbr added :pooler-->◇Some lenders charge heavy penalties for early settlement.有些貸款人對提前還清貸款收取巨額罰金。➤enforce, prescribe執行／處以罰款➤threaten威脅要處罰➤receive收到罰款➤seek謀求罰款◇He was seeking financial penalties against the company.他正謀求對該公司處以罰款。➤deserve應該受罰➤risk冒罰款的風險➤increase, stiffen, toughen加重／加強／強化處罰➤reduce減輕處罰➤attract, carry招致處罰◇crimes which carry severe penalties要受嚴懲的罪行➤face, incur面臨／招致處罰➤avoid, escape避免／逃脫處罰➤waive免予處罰◇Credit card companies will waive penalties for flood victims who are unable to pay on time.信用卡公司將免除無法按時還款的水災災民的滯納金。➤eliminate撤銷處罰PENALTY + NOUN➤fee罰款➤notice, ticket (both BrE) 罰款通知單◇You will be given a fixed penalty notice if you fail to renew insurance on time.如未能及時續保，將收到定額罰款通知書。➤fine (BrE) 罰款◇There is a fixed penalty fine of £50 for allowing your dog to foul public places.狗在公共場所排便，其主人要被處以 50 英鎊的定額罰款。➤point (BrE) 違章駕駛罰分◇Penalty points are given to drivers who speed.超速行駛的司機要被扣違章分。➤payment (especially BrE) 罰款繳付➤clause (especially BrE) 處罰條款➤system罰款制度PREPOSITION➤on penalty of, under penalty of違背則受⋯處罰◇The Romans prohibited the teaching of the Torah on penalty of death.羅馬人禁止講授《摩西五經》，違者處死。◇The application should be signed under penalty of perjury.申請應簽字，否則以偽證罪論處。➤penalty for因⋯而受的處罰◇the penalty for murder因謀殺而受的刑罰➤penalty on對⋯的處罰◇He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders.他揚言要對未成年犯施加更嚴厲的處罰。
penalty

noun²

 2disadvantage不利VERB + PENALTY | PREPOSITION VERB + PENALTY➤pay, suffer付出代價；招致苦惱◇He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth.現在他要為虛度青春付出代價。◇People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods.失業者遭受的痛苦時間更長。➤accept接受不利後果PREPOSITION➤penalty for因⋯引起不利後果◇You must accept the penalty for your rash actions.你必須為你的魯莽行為付出代價。➤penalty of⋯的弊端◇It's just one of the penalties of fame.它只是成名帶來的苦惱之一。
penalty

noun³

 3in football/soccer足球ADJECTIVE | VERB + PENALTY | PENALTY + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤controversial, disputed, dodgy, informal) , dubious有爭議的處罰；可疑判罰➤winning制勝的點球➤well-struck踢得非常好的點球➤missed沒有踢進的點球➤first-half, injury-time, second-half上半場的／傷停補時階段的／下半場的點球➤early, late開場不久的／臨近終場的點球➤last-minute最後關頭的點球➤12th-minute, etc.第 12 分鐘等的點球VERB + PENALTY➤award (sb), give (sb)判給（某人）點球➤concede, give away送上點球◇They were leading until Cole gave away a penalty.在科爾送出一粒點球之前他們一直領先。➤appeal for要求裁判判罰點球➤be awarded, be given, earn, get, have, land, win被判給點球；得到點球機會◇We were unlucky not to get a penalty.很不幸，我們沒得到點球機會。➤boot50 :pooler-->, dispatch, kick, strike70 :pooler-->, take踢點球300 :pooler-->➤score from罰點球得分190 :pooler-->◇Owen scored from a first-half penalty.歐文上半場點球得分。➤net, slot home踢進點球；點球破門◇Ricketts netted his third penalty of the season to put his team ahead.裏基茨打進了他本賽季的第三粒點球，使他的球隊領先。➤miss沒撲到點球➤save撲出點球PENALTY + NOUN➤area, box, corner, spot罰球區；受罰席；罰球區角；罰球點➤award獲點球➤kick踢點球➤shoot-out點球決勝負➤goal點球得分➤miss點球罰失100 :pooler-->➤save點球的撲救100 :pooler-->➤taker點球主罰者➤chance, opportunity點球機會➤attempt想製造點球PREPOSITION➤penalty by, penalty from由⋯罰的點球◇They won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry.他們靠弗賴伊臨近終場的一粒點球贏得了比賽勝利。  ➡ topic at sports

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