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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4540 COCA: 5741

excess

Word family 
ex·cess1 /ɪkˈses, ˈekses/ ●●○ noun  
1  [singular, uncountableU]TOO/TOO MUCH a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed 过多，过量
 After you apply the oil, wait 20 minutes before wiping off any excess.
涂上油以后，等20分钟再擦掉多余部分。
excess of
 It was an excess of enthusiasm that caused the problem.
是过度热情引起了这一问题。
2  in excess of something MORE THAN A NUMBER OR AMOUNTmore than a particular amount 超过[多于]某事物
 The car reached speeds in excess of 100 miles per hour.
这辆汽车的时速超过了100英里。
Examples from the Corpus
in excess of something• Amounts paid as salary that are in excess of what is reasonable are treated as dividends.• Drexel has netted fees in excess of $ 100 million for single take-overs.• Skin and fat can not be present in excess of natural proportions.• Any funds realized in excess of the amount owed must be returned to the borrower.• Payments received in excess of the amount loaned are the property of the borrower.• The director earns an annual salary in excess of $100,000.• The AFL-CIO also has spent in excess of $ 10 million to organize its election-year drive.• The deal is for 15 years and is valued in excess of $ 100 million.• Over several days, glycosuria leads to a significant osmotic diuresis, with losses of water in excess of sodium.
3  do something to excess TOO/TOO MUCHto do something too much or too often, so that it may harm you 做某事过度[过分]
 Drinking is OK as long as you don’t do it to excess.
饮酒可以，只要不过量。
Examples from the Corpus
do something to excess• Irwin admitted he often used alcohol and drugs to excess.
4  excesses [plural]BAD BEHAVIOUR OR ACTIONS harmful actions that are socially or morally unacceptable 过分的行为；越轨行为
excesses of
 The government was unable to curb the excesses of the secret police.
政府无法约束秘密警察的过分行为。
 the worst excesses of journalism
新闻工作中那些最糟糕的越轨行为
Examples from the Corpus
excesses• The people have not forgotten the excesses of the military regime.
5  [uncountableU]HARM/BE BAD FOR behaviour which is not acceptable because it is too extreme 极端行径
 a long sermon against the dangers of excess
告诫极端行为会造成危害的长篇大论
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 4:
adjectives
worst excesses
He lived through some of the worst excesses of apartheid in South Africa.
wild excesses (=very extreme behaviour)
The Press Complaints Commission criticized the wilder excesses of tabloid journalism.
verbs
curb the excesses of something (=control or limit bad behaviour)
A strong press can help to curb the excesses of government.
commit excesses (=do very bad or immoral things, especially hurting or killing people in an unacceptable way)
The excesses committed by a small number of soldiers have ruined the regiment's good name.
perpetrate excesses formal (=commit them)
Government forces used the situation as an excuse to perpetrate excesses against suspected rebels.
Examples from the Corpus
excess• They loll about in gorgeousness; they live for art; they believe in excess.• Altogether, the totals are greatly in excess of available funds.• The AFL-CIO also has spent in excess of $ 10 million to organize its election-year drive.• His thirty-minute ramble was greatly appreciated by all present, as it enabled many to sleep off their pre-meal excess of Nettles.• The '80s were a period of excess for many American businesses.• The growth of a population results from the excess of births over deaths as well as the movement of people between regions or countries.• At the same time, the excess is not merely eliminated.• This excess of price over both marginal revenue and marginal cost is a convenient measure of the firm's monopoly power.• If you must drink, do so to excess.
excess of• There is an excess of writer-actors in Los Angeles.
ex·cess2 /ˈekses/ ●●○ adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  TOO/TOO MUCHadditional and not needed because there is already enough of something 过多的，多余的
 Cut any excess fat from the meat.
将肉中多余的肥肉切掉。
2. excess baggage/luggage TTAbags or cases that weigh more than the legal limit that you can take on a plane 超重行李
Examples from the Corpus
excess baggage/luggage• And psychically speaking, I can't help feeling they carry a little too much excess baggage.• When you had those you could drop, junk and forget the rest, which were only a burden or excess baggage.• With hips at 44.5 inches and thighs at 25 inches, it was no wonder Rudolph had been complaining about excess baggage.
Examples from the Corpus
excess• If the discount exceeds 20 percent, the excess amount of the discount allowed is considered a taxable wage.• The airline charged me $75 for excess baggage.• Studies show that excess doctors tend to generate extra tests, appointments, procedures and referrals.• Cut any excess fat from the meat before cooking.• Cut off the excess fat from the meat before cooking.• In which case it will be able to re-discount the bill to similar institutions who have excess liquidity.• The excess pounds had given him a double chin and a neck that made his shirt collar look too tight.• Excess vitamin D can cause kidney damage in young children.• The excess weight made him look as if he had one normal-sized face superimposed on a much larger one.
From Longman Business Dictionary
excessex·cess1 /ɪkˈses, ˈekses/ noun [countableC, uncountableU]
1a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed
He told the Federal Assembly that the devaluation would compensate for an excess in public spending during the past nine months.
2in excess of more than a particular amount
ships carrying in excess of 20,000 tonnes of cargo
3INSURANCE a condition in an insurance policy that states that the insured person will pay a particular amount towards any damage and the insurance company will pay the rest. This condition makes people less likely to claim for small amounts
The insurance company will pay the insured value less the policy excess.
excessex·cess2 /ˈekses/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
1additional and not wanted or needed because there is already enough of something
An excess supply of goods and services on the market will exert downward pressure on prices.
2TRAVEL excess baggage/luggage bags or cases that weigh more than the limit the airline allows you to take on a plane
As I checked in at Baghdad airport, I found that I had 100kg of excess baggage.
an excess baggage charge
Origin excess1
(1300-1400) French excès, from Late Latin excessus, from Latin excedere; → EXCEED
ex·cess1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1ex·cess2 adjectiveadj
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4540 COCA: 5741
excess

noun¹

 1too much of sth過量ADJECTIVE | VERB + EXCESS | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤rhetorical, stylistic, verbal誇大之辭；華而不實的風格；話語囉嗦◇His statements cannot be simply dismissed as rhetorical excess.不能簡單地把他的陳述斥之為誇大之辭。➤financial金融過度➤scandalous, wretched (NAmE) 駭人聽聞的過度放縱◇Washington has always been a city of wretched excesses.華盛頓一直都是一個極度放縱的城市。➤alcoholic (BrE) 過量飲酒▸➤worst excesses最惡劣的過激行為◇the worst excesses of the 1980s20 世紀 80 年代最惡劣的暴行VERB + EXCESS➤avoid, contain, curb避免／控制／抑制過激◇'Avoid excess' is the golden rule for a healthy life.健康生活的一條黃金定律就是“避免過度”。➤commit excesses, perpetrate excesses施以暴行；犯有暴行◇the worst excesses committed by the occupying army佔領軍犯下的殘忍暴行PREPOSITION➤in excess過量◇The drug can be harmful if taken in excess.過量服用該藥是有害的。➤to excess過度◇They never smoked or drank to excess.他們從不過量吸煙或飲酒。
excess

noun²

 2an amount by which sth is larger than sth else超過部份ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤large大大超出➤slight稍微超出PREPOSITION➤in excess of超過◇The car can travel at speeds in excess of 150 miles per hour.該車的車速能達到每小時 150 英里以上。➤excess of過量的⋯◇a large excess of gas嚴重過量的煤氣
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4540 COCA: 5741
excess noun
⇨ rest 1 excess

adjective

excess ♦︎ spare ♦︎ surplus ♦︎ superfluous ♦︎ leftoverThese words all describe an amount or number that is more than you want or need. 这些词均表示过剩的、多余的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an excess / a surplus amount◆excess / surplus demand / supply◆excess / spare / surplus cash / capacity / energy◆excess / surplus / leftover food ■ excess ˈekses [only before noun] more than is necessary, usual or legal 超额的；超出的；过度的◆Excess food is stored as fat.多余的食物化作脂肪贮存起来。◆Driving with excess alcohol in the blood is a serious offence.驾车时血液里酒精含量过高是严重的违法行为。▸ excess

noun

 [uncountable, singular] ◆The drug can be harmful if taken in excess.过量服用这种药可能有害。◆He started drinking to excess after losing his job.他失业后便开始酗酒。◆The increase will not be in excess of (= more than) two per cent.增幅不会超过百分之二。◆Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?你生活中的压力是否太大？■ spare [usually before noun] that is not being used or is not needed at the present time; kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use 不用的；闲置的；备用的◆We've got a spare bedroom, if you'd like to stay.要是愿意你就住下，我们有一间空卧室。◆I'm afraid I haven't got any spare cash.抱歉，我手头没有闲钱。◆Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.多带几件衣服，身上弄湿了可以换。■ surplus ˈsɜːpləs; NAmE ˈsɜːrpləsmore than is needed or used 过剩的；多余的◆Surplus grain is being sold for export.过剩的谷物正销往国外。◆These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed).这几项不需要。▸ surplus

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆ (rather formal) Agricultural surpluses lead to the disposal of thousands of tonnes of food every year.农产品过剩造成每年有数千吨食物被丢弃。◆After meeting domestic needs any surplus will be exported.满足国内需求后所有的剩余产品都销往国外。OPP deficit , shortage ⇨ lack NOTE 辨析 Excess, spare or surplus? Spare is the most informal of these words, and is the one that is most likely to be used in spoken language and everyday contexts. Surplus is often used in business contexts to refer to extra goods or money. 这些词中spare最不正式，最常用于口语和日常语境。surplus常用于商务语境，指剩余商品或资金◆surplus stock / material / products, surplus capital / funds / income / profits剩余库存／材料／产品；剩余资本／资金／收入／利润To talk about an extra amount that is seen as a bad thing, excess is often used. * excess常指不好的事物过多的◆excess body fat / carbon dioxide / baggage过多的体内脂肪／二氧化碳；超重行李 ■ superfluous suːˈpɜːfluəs, sjuːˈpɜːfluəs; NAmE suːˈpɜːrfluəs [not usually before noun] (rather formal) more than you need or want 过多；多余◆She gave him a look that made words superfluous.她看了他一眼，这已表明一切，无须多言了。■ leftover ˈleftəʊvə(r); NAmE ˈleftoʊvər [only before noun] still remaining after you have eaten, drunk or used what you want or need 吃剩的；过剩的；多余的◆Use any leftover meat to make a curry.要是有剩肉就把它做成咖喱菜。ⓘ Leftover is used especially to talk about food, but it can also be used to talk about a supply of other things. * leftover尤用来修饰食物，但也可修饰其他东西◆leftover vegetables / porridge吃剩的蔬菜／粥◆leftover paper / paint / wool剩余的纸张／油漆／毛线   see also leftover ⇨ remains noun 2
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4540 COCA: 5741

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