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BNC: 1575 COCA: 1371

spread

Word family 
spread1 /spred/ ●●● S2 W2 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp spread)  
1  affect more people/places 影响更多的人/地方 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]SPREAD if something spreads or is spread, it becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area 扩散，蔓延
spread through
 Fire quickly spread through the building.
火势在楼里迅速蔓延。
spread over
 He watched the dark stain spread over the gray carpet.
他看着深色污渍在灰色地毯上漫开。
spread among
 The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.
疾病在穷人中间迅速传播。
spread (from something) to something
 The cancer had spread to her liver.
癌已经扩散到她的肝脏。
 Revolution quickly spread from France to Italy.
革命迅速从法国蔓延到意大利。
2  information/ideas 信息/观点
a) [intransitiveI]SPREAD to become known about or used by more and more people 流传，传播
 News of the explosion spread swiftly.
发生爆炸的消息迅速传播开来。
spread to/through/over etc
 Buddhism spread to China from India.
佛教从印度传到中国。
 The news spread like wildfire (=very quickly).
消息如野火般迅速传开。
 Word spread quickly that she was leaving.
她要离开的消息迅速传开。
b) [transitiveT]TELL to tell a lot of people about something 传播，散布；通知
 Andy loves spreading rumours about his colleagues.
安迪很喜欢散播关于同事的谣言。
 They are spreading the word about the benefits of immunization.
他们在宣传注射疫苗的好处。
3  open/arrange 打开/安排 (also spread out) [transitiveT]SPREAD to open something out or arrange a group of things so that they cover a flat surface 摊开，展开，张开，铺开
spread something over/across/on something
 Papers and photos were spread across the floor.
地板上摊满了报纸和照片。
 He spread the map out on the desk.
他在桌上摊开地图。
 a table spread with a white cloth
铺着白色台布的桌子
4  throughout an area 遍及某一区域 [intransitiveI] (also be spread, spread out) to cover or exist across a large area 绵延；覆盖；分布
spread over
 the forest that spread over the whole of that region
将那一地区全部覆盖的森林
spread throughout
 The company has more than 2,500 shops spread throughout the UK.
这家公司有超过 2,500 家商店分布在英国各地。
5  soft substance 软物质 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]SPREAD to put a soft substance over a surface, or to be soft enough to be put over a surface 涂抹，敷；可以涂抹
spread something on/over something
 He spread plaster on the walls.
他往墙上抹灰泥。
spread something with something
 Spread the toast thinly with jam.
在烤面包片上抹一层薄薄的果 酱。
 If you warm up the butter, it’ll spread more easily.
如果把黄油加热，抹起来就更容易。
 Spread the nut mixture evenly over the bottom.
把果仁混合料均匀地抹在底部。
6  arms/fingers etc 手臂/手指等 [transitiveT]PUSH if you spread your arms, fingers, or legs, you move them far apart 张开，伸开〔手臂、手指或腿〕
7  over time 分散于一段时间内 [transitiveT] (also spread out)SLOW to do something over a period of time, rather than at one time 将…分散〔于一段时间内〕
8  share 分摊 [transitiveT]SHARE to share or divide something among several people or things 分配，分摊
9  smile/look 笑容/表情 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]EXPRESSION ON somebody'S FACE if an expression spreads over someone’s face, it slowly appears on their face 〔脸上〕慢慢流露出
10  spread your wings 
Examples from the Corpus
spread your wings• Later, I take off my watch to let it spread its wings.• Others are like birds in a greenhouse: banging against the glass, desperate to spread their wings.• Her dad wanted her to spread her wings a little - not too much mind.• Then it spreads its wings and flies away, ready for its first meal of nectar!• The dragon spread its wings and gave an experimental flap, which lifted it momentarily off the ground.• She must be allowed to spread her wings and open up.• Diana was eager to spread her wings and start her own life in London.• They just spread their wings and take off.• Recently she's begun spreading her wings, taking courses in real estate.
11 
12. spread seeds/manure/fertilizer TASPREADto scatter seeds, manure etc on the ground 播撒种子/施肥
13 spread out phrasal verbphr v 
Examples from the Corpus
spread out• I'm sure you'd be more comfortable if you spread yourselves out a little.• Several small cabins were spread out across the property.• Diane had her newspaper spread out all over the floor.• Members of the tribe are spread out over hundreds of square miles.
spread over• They could write off all investments in the year they are made rather than spreading them out over a period of years.• Graham untied the knot in the document tape and spread the papers out over his desk.
→ spread your net wide at net1(8)
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
nouns
a disease spreads/is spread (=among a group of people)
The disease is spread by mosquitoes.
a cancer/infection spreads (=in someone’s body)
The cancer had spread to his brain.
news/word spreads
As news of his death spread, his army disintegrated.
spread the news/the word
He has been spreading the word about ways to beat heart disease.
spread a story (also spread a rumour British English, spread a rumor American English)
When Brown’s hotel burned down, Clark spread the rumor that Forsyth was to blame.
a story spreads (also a rumour spreads British English, a rumor spreads American English)
It was the sort of story that would spread like wildfire.
spread lies/gossip
How dare you spread such vicious lies!
Has someone been spreading malicious gossip?
spread terror/panic
The murders were clearly intended to spread terror.
fire spreads (also flames spread)
The fire had spread to a nearby shed.
violence/fighting spreads
There is no indication that the violence is likely to spread.
somebody’s fame/reputation spreads
Their musical fame has spread far beyond their native country.
adverbs
spread rapidly/quickly
The fire spread rapidly, consuming many of the houses.
phrases
spread like wildfire (=spread extremely quickly)
The news spread like wildfire through the town.
Examples from the Corpus
spread• By then, the flood water had spread across 80 square miles of farmland.• She was on a sheet, naked with her legs spread apart.• Thus a gene for chromosomal fratricide will spread as surely as a murderer will inherit the Earth.• I don't want the mess spreading back into my working world.• AIDS is not spread by common everyday contact.• Malaria, spread by mosquitoes, is one of the biggest public health problems in Africa.• After she died at a San Jose hospital, word spread fast.• A single tractor was slowly spreading fertilizer over a huge wheatfield.• Meyer and his team were the first to show how the disease spreads from animals to humans.• Here, a key way for an individual to spread his or her point of view is to get connected.• The lawsuit charged the magazine with spreading lies about the company and its products.• When low performance leads to an organizational crisis, rumors of executive malfeasance spread like wildfire among rank-and-file members.• Refugees have entered the south of the country and are spreading northwards.• The fire is spreading out of control.• The forest fires in the Northwest are spreading out of control.• With the large number of children spread out over the country, it was inevitable that visits were infrequent.• She knocked over her glass, and a dark pool of wine spread over the tablecloth.• News of the disaster was spreading quickly.• Spread the frosting over the warm pastries.• Make sure that you spread the glue on both surfaces.• In one, the businessperson allocated time, spreading the project over several weeks.• She spread the toast with butter and jam.• Spreading the work around will help us meet the project deadline.• Panic spread through downtown Port-au-Prince.• Cholera is spreading through the refugee camps at an alarming rate.• Rumors about Amy spread through the school.• The fire quickly spread to several nearby factories.• When it is placed in a container it spreads uniformly throughout the whole volume of the container.
spread over• For 20 days spread over 1988 and 1989 he compared spot and futures returns for five-minute periods.• He felt a relieved smile spreading over his face and something like freedom in his heart.• Conservation areas can be spread over large chunks of historic towns or just one street.• In other words the tax is not spread over previous transactions, but is charged on the full amount of the sale.• Life companies are to be assessed each year on the gains on their units, and taxes spread over seven years.• Pages were spread over the wineglasses and dinner plates.• His $ 750,000 signing bonus was spread over three years at $ 250,000 per year.
spread to/through/over etc• The purge soon spread to an onslaught against oppositionists within the party itself.• The cancer, having spread to my bones, is inoperable.• Pray that the conflict would not spread to neighbouring countries.• A wave of electrical activity spreads over the heart.• The white, rubbery fluid spread over the metal skin, hiding the crater from view.• By Saturday morning, cold air had spread over the region, turning the snowpack bulletproof.• The funding of capital expenditure is usually spread over the years that benefit will accrue.• The industrial action quickly spread to transport and municipal workers and workers on tea, sugar and tobacco plantations.
spread over• For 20 days spread over 1988 and 1989 he compared spot and futures returns for five-minute periods.• He felt a relieved smile spreading over his face and something like freedom in his heart.• Conservation areas can be spread over large chunks of historic towns or just one street.• In other words the tax is not spread over previous transactions, but is charged on the full amount of the sale.• Life companies are to be assessed each year on the gains on their units, and taxes spread over seven years.• Pages were spread over the wineglasses and dinner plates.• His $ 750,000 signing bonus was spread over three years at $ 250,000 per year.
spread something on/over something• She spread the frosting evenly over the cake.
spread something over something• The various musical performances will be spread over three days.
spread the load/burden• It's worth trying to draw up a list like this, because it ensures that you spread the load.• The best are fairly wide to spread the load and well padded - often with dual-density foam.• It is fair; it spreads the burden evenly, providing proper discounts and proper control of local authorities.• Whether more participants spreads the load of sin is not altogether clear.• Use of the top tensioners also helps to spread the load over the whole of the shoulder harness.• The block of softwood can be used to spread the load when using the hammer.
spread over/across• The project's 30 houses will be built in clusters and spread over a five-acre site.• Today that business has spread across all fifty states and fifty-four countries.• The exchange would be spread over five years.• The sounds are played via the 12 fingertip-sized pads spread across the bottom quarter of the front panel.• The white, rubbery fluid spread over the metal skin, hiding the crater from view.• The clouds running before the sun were spreading across the pink of the sky.• Increasingly, however, banks want businesses that pay them fees up front rather than interest payments spread over time.• Today they last a long time and spread across wider territories.
Related topics: Food, Stocks & shares
spread2 ●●○ noun  
1  increase 增长 [singular]INCREASE IN NUMBER OR AMOUNT when something affects or is known about by more people or involves a larger area 传播；扩展；蔓延 → increase
2  soft food 软质食物 [countableC, uncountableU]DF
3  range 范围 [singular]VARIOUS/OF DIFFERENT KINDS a range of people or things 范围；广度；幅度
4  area 地区 [singular] the total area in which something exists 分布范围，涉及区域
5  double-page spread/centre spread TCNa special article or advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, which covers two pages or covers the centre pages 〔报刊中〕横跨两版的/中间折页的文章[广告]
6  large meal 丰盛的饭菜 [singular] informalMEAL a large meal for several guests on a special occasion 〔特殊场合招待数位客人的〕丰盛的饭菜
7. hand/wings 手/两翼 [uncountableU]HBPHBH the area covered when the fingers of a hand, or a bird’s wings, are fully stretched 〔手指伸直时〕手的全长；〔鸟的〕翼展
8. bed cover 床罩 [countableC] a bedspread 床罩
9  money 钱 [countableC] technicalBFS the difference between the prices at which something is bought and sold, or the interest rates for lending and borrowing money 〔买卖价格或借贷利率的〕差额，差幅
10  sport 体育运动 [singular] American EnglishAmE the number of points between the scores of two opposing teams 〔两支对抗的运动队的〕比分差距
11. spread of land/water AREAan area of land or water 一片土地/水域
Examples from the Corpus
spread of land/water• Spooked planes buzzed the limo roof at the black spread of water near La Guardia.
12. farm 农场 [countableC] American EnglishAmETA a large farm or ranch 大农场；大牧场
→ middle-aged spread at middle-aged(3)
Examples from the Corpus
spread• This led us to ask if there was intrafamilial spread of H pylori.• We always pause just where we can see the majestic spread of Notre Dame.• There was a nice spread at the reception after the wedding.• More ominously, the effort to halt the nuclear spread could also stall.• There's a big three-page spread about them in Sunday's paper.• But the spread of Internet use outside the United States is converting a national mess into a global one.• The process of proletarianisation has also received some impetus from the spread of agribusiness in the region.• The only way to prevent the spread of tuberculosis is to cure those infected by the disease.• The Thatcher government has opposed planning controls over agriculture that could have stopped the spread of intensive arable farming.• They were looking forward to the spread that Judith had prepared.• This spread is about 0. 05 percentage point tighter than a month ago, traders said.
rapid spread• The result has been a rapid spread of unsightly buildings across the countryside.• All three factors are thought to have played a part in the rapid spread of the disease.• The rapid spread of small arms and light weapons facilitate the recruitment of child soldiers.
cheese/chocolate etc spread• Blend with cream cheese and grated Cheddar to create a cheese spread.• Soon, the fame of Dunlop cheese spread throughout the county and the process was adopted widely.• Rub in the butter with the hands, then add the low-fat cheese spread and work in with the hands.
wide/broad/good spread of something• The information in your letter is generally interesting, factual and covers a wide spread of abuses.• Very few papers indeed, therefore, had a wide spread of shareholders.• It incorporates a wide spread of disciplines and its members have been, or are, involved in a variety of professions.• To achieve that, they need a wide spread of artists.• This journal has a long and distinguished history, publishing mainly shorter papers on a wide spread of subjects.• The assets are actively managed and represent a wide spread of fixed interest stocks, U.K. and overseas equity shares and property.• Today's student teachers and young graduates undoubtedly represent a broader spread of social background - and this is to be welcomed.
geographical spread• We also looked for a geographical spread of writers.• The appeal of a merger included widening Martineau's client base, a greater geographical spread and having more resources.• The geographical spread is reasonable, though doubtless there will be some omissions apparent depending on where you are based.• The geographical spread of the observers is skewed.
From Longman Business Dictionary
spreadspread1 /spred/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp spread)
1[transitiveT] to share work, responsibility, or money among several people
Companies may want to spread their equity widely among stable, long-term shareholders.
2[transitiveT] (also spread out) to pay for something gradually over a period of time
I asked if I could spread out the repayments.
spread something over something
Spread your premium payments over 12 monthly instalments.
The cost is spread out over ten years.
3[intransitiveI] to become widely used or known about
Deregulation is spreading across the whole of Europe.
4spread a riskINSURANCE to reduce the chance of a large loss by sharing the risk of insuring someone or something with other insurance companies
spreadspread2 noun
1[singular] a range of people or things, especially investments
spread of
The bank is keen to broaden its spread of risks.
The assets represent a wide spread of fixed interest stocks, equity shares and property.
2[countableC]BANKING the difference between the interest rate a bank pays on DEPOSITs (=money put in the bank) and the interest rate it charges on loans
spread between
Banks must maintain an adequate spread between borrowing and lending rates.
→ yield spread
3[countableC]FINANCE the difference between two rates of interest. Interest on company bonds is often set in relation to the interest on particular government bonds
The noncallable notes were priced at a spread of 87.5 basis points (=0.875%) over the yield on the Treasury’s 10-year note.
4[countableC]FINANCE the difference between the buying price and the selling price of shares, UNIT TRUSTs etc
The spread between the bid and ask prices for the options is ¼ to ½ point $25 to $50 an option.
5[countableC]FINANCE the difference between the buying price and the selling price of a currency, or between two rates for a currency
The policy of frequent devaluations of the Nicaraguan currency is designed to eliminate the spread between official and black-market exchange rates.
6[countableC] (also underwriting spread)FINANCE the difference between the price a financial institution pays to buy shares from the company that ISSUEs them (=makes them available) and the higher price the firm charges to investors who buy them
The underwriting spread can range from 3.5% to 7% of the offering price.
→ bid-offer spread
7[countableC]FINANCE in a MONETARY SYSTEM (=an arrangement where the values of currencies move in relation to each other within certain limits), the difference between the highest valued currency and the lowest
The dollar remained the grid’s strongest currency, with the spread between it and the weakest currency widening to 11%.
Origin spread1
Old English sprædan
spread1 verb →n COLLOCATIONS1spread2 noun
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

See also: spread

BNC: 1575 COCA: 1371
spread

noun¹

 1increase in amount or number of sth傳播；擴展ADJECTIVE | VERB + SPREAD | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤good, great, wide廣闊的區域；廣大的幅員▸➤rapid迅速傳播▸➤gradual, slow逐漸／緩慢傳播▸➤geographical, global地域／全球範圍◇The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.當前的調查將在更廣泛的地域範圍內進行。VERB + SPREAD➤encourage, promote助長／促進傳播◇Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread of disease.這些不衞生的環境助長疾病的蔓延。➤halt, prevent, stem, stop, tackle停止／預防／遏制／阻止／應對蔓延▸➤combat, contain, control, curb, limit, reduce, slow (especially NAmE) 控制傳播；限制蔓延；減少傳播；減慢傳播PREPOSITION➤spread of⋯的蔓延◇the spread of fire火勢的蔓延
spread

noun²

 2newspaper, magazine, etc.報紙；雜誌ADJECTIVE | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤centre/center中間跨頁◇A photograph of the star adorned the centre / center spread.那位明星的照片刊登在中間跨頁上。➤double, double-page, two-page橫貫兩版的文章➤five-page, 20-page, etc. * 5 頁、20 頁等的版面➤full-page一整版的廣告➤fashion, photo時裝／圖片廣告PHRASES➤be featured in a spread, feature in a spread是廣告的主角；成為報道的主角◇She is featured in spreads in Vogue.她上了《時尚》雜誌的廣告。◇Her work featured in a two-page spread in 'New Woman' magazine.她的成果在《新女性》雜誌上有兩個版面的報道。
spread

verb¹

 1open sth so that you can see all of it展開；攤開ADVERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤carefully小心展開▸➤out鋪開◇We spread the rug out on the floor.我們把地毯鋪在地上。PREPOSITION➤across, on, over在⋯上展開；攤在⋯上；鋪蓋在⋯上PHRASES➤spread sth open把⋯鋪開◇He had a newspaper spread open on his knee.他把報紙鋪開放在膝上。➤spread your arms, legs, etc. out wide, spread your arms, legs, etc. wide伸開胳膊、腿等；把胳膊、腿等張開◇a bird with its wings spread wide展開雙翅的鳥兒
spread

verb²

 2reach more people/wider area觸及到更多的人或更廣的區域ADVERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤fast, like wildfire, quickly, rapidly, soon迅速傳播；野火般地蔓延；傳播得很快◇The news spread like wildfire.這消息傳得快極了。➤gradually, slowly逐漸地／慢慢地傳播▸➤easily易於傳播◇The disease spreads easily.這疾病容易傳播。➤widely伸展範圍廣◇Allow plenty of space for this plant as its roots spread widely.多給這種植物留點兒空間，因為它的根蔓生得很開。➤far and wide到處傳播◇His fame had spread far and wide.他聲名遠揚。➤outwards/outward向外傳播PREPOSITION➤(all) across, among, around, beyond, by, from, into, (all) over, through, throughout, to在⋯中散播；在⋯四處蔓延；傳播超出⋯；從⋯傳播；傳播到⋯；傳播覆蓋⋯；傳遍⋯；傳向⋯◇The effects of this policy spread far beyond children now at school.這一政策的影響已經遠遠超出了在校兒童的範圍。◇The disease can be spread by contact.這種疾病通過接觸傳染。◇The fire rapidly spread to adjoining buildings.大火迅速蔓延到毗鄰的建築。PHRASES➤be thinly spread傳播得不廣泛◇Expertise in this field is very thinly spread across the country.該領域的專門技術在該國沒有怎麼得到推廣。➤spread yourself too thin承擔太多事情而過於忙碌◇With four markets to manage, there's a danger that's she's spreading herself too thin.她要管理四個市場，恐怕會分身乏術。
spread

verb³

 3cover a surface with a soft substance塗；敷；抹ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤thickly塗一厚層▸➤lightly, thinly少量地塗；薄薄地抹▸➤evenly均勻地塗抹◇Don't make the paste too thick, or it will not spread evenly.不要把醬弄得太稠，否則不易塗均勻。PREPOSITION➤on抹在⋯上◇He spread marmalade on the toast.他把橘子果醬抹在吐司麪包上。➤with抹上⋯◇Spread each slice generously with butter.在每一片上都多抹點兒黃油。
spread

verb⁴

 4divide/share sth分配；分攤ADVERB | VERB + SPREAD | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤equally, evenly, uniformly均分▸➤unevenly分攤不均VERB + SPREAD➤try to試圖分攤PREPOSITION➤among, between在⋯中分攤◇We tried to spread the workload evenly between the departments.我們試圖在幾個部門間平均分攤這些工作。➤over分散在（某段時間）內◇The course takes forty hours, spread over twenty weeks.這門課程共需 40 個小時，分 20 週上完。
BNC: 1575 COCA: 1371
spread noun
⇨ fatspread verb
⇨ spread (a bird spreads its wings) ⇨ cover (spread butter on sth) ⇨ pass sth on (spread disease) ⇨ scatter (spread papers out) spread

verb

spread ♦︎ lay sth out ♦︎ lay ♦︎ unfold ♦︎ open ♦︎ unrollThese words all mean to open sth flat such as paper or fabric so that it covers a greater area. 这些词均表示展开、摊开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to spread / lay / lay out / open sth on sth◆to spread / lay sth over sth◆to spread / lay / open sth out◆to spread out / lay out / unfold / open a map◆to spread / lay / unfold a cloth / tablecloth◆to unfold / open your arms■ spread (spread, spread) [transitive] to open sth that has been folded or rolled so that it is flat and covers a larger area than before （把折叠或卷着的东西）展开，打开◆Tom spread the map out on the floor.汤姆把地图摊开在地板上。◆The bird spread its wings and flew away.那只鸟展开翅膀飞走了。■ ˌlay sth ˈout

phrasal verb

(laid, laid)to spread sth out on a flat surface so that it can be seen easily or is ready to use 铺开；摆开；展开◆Lay the material out flat.把布料展开铺平。■ lay (laid, laid) [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to spread sth flat on sth; to cover sth with a layer of sth （在某物上）摊开，敷；用一层⋯覆盖◆Before they started they laid newspaper on the floor.他们开始之前在地板上铺了报纸。◆The grapes were laid to dry on racks.葡萄被摊开放在架子上晒干。■ unfold ʌnˈfəʊld; NAmE ʌnˈfoʊld [transitive, intransitive] to spread open or flat sth that has previously been folded; (of sth that has been folded) to become open or flat 把（折叠的东西）展开，打开；（折叠的东西）展开◆She unfolded the letter and read it yet again.她打开信又读了一遍。◆He unfolded his arms and stood up.他松开双臂站了起来。◆The collapsible ladder unfolds quickly and locks into place for added safety.那折叠梯很快就能打开，并能固定住，更加安全。 OPP fold ⇨ fold verb ■ open [intransitive, transitive](of sth that is folded or closed up) to spread out or become unfolded; to spread out or unfold sth that has been folded or closed （折叠或关闭的东西）展开，打开；使展开◆What if the parachute doesn't open?降落伞打不开怎么办？◆The flowers open in the morning and close again in the evening.这些花早上绽放，傍晚又合拢。◆He opened his arms wide to embrace her.他张开双臂去拥抱她。■ unroll ʌnˈrəʊl; NAmE ʌnˈroʊl [transitive, intransitive] to make sth that is rolled up become open and flat; (of sth that is rolled up) to become open and flat 把（卷着的东西）展开，摊开，铺开；（卷着的东西）展开◆We unrolled our sleeping bags.我们打开了睡袋。 OPP roll ⇨ wrap sb/sth around/round sb/sth
BNC: 1575 COCA: 1371

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