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IELTS BNC: 455 COCA: 522

ground

Word family 
Related topics: Nature, Electricity
ground1 /ɡraʊnd/ ●●● S1 W1 noun
1  DNearth 地面LAND/GROUND [uncountableU]
a) the surface of the Earth 地，地面
the ground
The leaves were slowly fluttering to the ground.
樹葉慢慢飄落到地上。
He lay on the ground and stared up at the sky.
他躺在地上仰望天空。
The ground was frozen solid.
大地凍實了。
above/below/under ground
At night, badgers feed above ground.
夜間，獾來到地面上覓食。
These youngsters work 70 metres below ground level.
這些年輕人在地下70米作業。
A raised platform stood two metres off the ground.
一個凸起的平台離地面有兩米高。
The air raids were followed by military action on the ground (=on land).
空襲之後是地面軍事行動。
ground troops (=soldiers who fight on land)
地面部隊
b) the soil on and under the surface of the Earth 土地，土壤
Dig the ground over in the autumn.
秋天的時候翻土。
Plant the seeds 2 cm deep in the ground.
把種子栽入兩厘米深的地裏。
The ground was dry, far too dry for growing corn.
土地太幹，幹得無法種莊稼。
→4  See picture of 見圖 ground
2  LAND/GROUNDarea of land 場地
a) [uncountableU] an area of land without buildings, fences, woods etc 〔無建築物、栅欄或樹木的〕空地
The landscape is a mixture of open ground and woodland.
這一帶有空地，也有林區。
They were standing on the waste ground (=land in a town that is not being used) behind the car park.
他們站在停車場後面的荒地上。
b) [countableC] (also grounds [plural]) an area of land or sea that is used for a particular purpose 〔某種用途的〕場地
fishing grounds
漁場
parade/hunting/burial etc ground
These fields served as a hunting ground for the local people.
這些田地被用作當地人的狩獵場。
The rivers are used as dumping grounds for industrial waste.
這些河流被用作傾倒工業廢料的地方。
He is buried in sacred ground.
他被安葬在神聖的土地上。
→ playground(1)
c) grounds [plural] the land or gardens surrounding a large building 〔大型建築物周圍的〕場地，庭園
We decided to take a stroll in the hotel grounds.
我們決定在酒店的庭院裏散散步。
3  REASON 理由grounds [plural] a good reason for doing, believing, or saying something 充分的理由，根據
grounds for (doing) something
Mental cruelty can be grounds for divorce.
精神折磨可以作爲離婚的理由。
There are strong grounds for believing his statement.
有充分的理由可以相信他的話。
have grounds to do something
Did the police have reasonable grounds to arrest him?
警方有充分的理由逮捕他嗎？
on moral/legal/medical etc grounds
The proposal was rejected on environmental grounds.
這個提議出於環保的原因被否決。
on (the) grounds of something
Flying was ruled out on grounds of cost.
因費用的緣故而不考慮乘飛機。
‘You’re under arrest.’ ‘On what grounds?’
“你被捕了。”“理由是什麽？”
on the grounds that
We oppose the bill, on the grounds that it discriminates against women.
我們反對這個議案，理由是它歧視女性。
Examples from the Corpus
on the grounds that• Zoe was awarded compensation on the grounds that the doctor had been negligent.
4  subject 話題 [uncountableU]KNOW something a subject or area of knowledge 話題；知識領域
At meetings, we just keep going over the same ground (=talking about the same things).
開會時我們只是反複談論同一個話題。
His latest movie looks set to break new ground (=introduce new and exciting ideas).
他最新的影片看來會有新的突破。
familiar/home ground (=a subject etc that you know something about) 熟悉的話題
In his latest book, McManus returns to more familiar ground.
麥克馬納斯在他最近的著作中又回到了較熟悉的話題上。
5  opinion 觀點 [uncountableU] a general opinion or set of attitudes 觀點，立場
Often parents and teenagers find they have little common ground (=they do not share the same attitudes etc).
家長和十幾歲的青少年往往會發現他們之間鮮有共同的觀點。
the middle/centre ground (=opinions that are not extreme that most people would agree with) 中間立場
Both parties are battling to occupy the centre ground.
兩黨都在爭取佔領中間陣地。
Careful, Laura. You could be treading on dangerous ground (=expressing opinions etc that might offend someone).
小心啊，勞拉，你的觀點可能會冒犯到某些人。
Each side was unwilling to give ground (=change their opinion).
各方都不願作出讓步。
6  sport 運動 [countableC] British EnglishBrE the place where a particular sport is played 運動場 → stadium
a new football ground
新建的足球場
It’s their first defeat at their home ground (=the ground that belongs to a particular team) all season.
這是他們在整個賽季中第一次主場失利。
7  hold/stand your ground CHANGE YOUR MIND
a) to stay where you are when someone threatens you, in order to show them that you are not afraid 堅守陣地，不退縮
The men threatened him, but he stood his ground and they fled.
那些人威脅他，但是他沒有退卻，他們便溜走了。
b) to refuse to change your mind about something, even though people are opposing you 堅持自己的立場
Jason vowed to stand his ground, even if it meant losing his job.
賈森發誓哪怕是丢掉工作也要堅守立場。
Examples from the Corpus
hold/stand your ground• The Housing Executive stood its ground and refused to transfer money earmarked for other projects.• The guide, however, stood his ground, frantically giving me unrecognizable signs.• I calculate, I stand my ground.• Not enough to start a war; just enough to let me stand my ground without having to think about it first.• Richmann stood his ground, certain he would be able to jump out of the. way if things went wrong.• As his father approached, Richard retreated steadily, never once daring to stand his ground against him.• Williams' job was to hold his ground or drop into pass coverage.• You know when to stand your ground and when to give in.
8  get off the ground SUCCESSFULto start to be successful 開始獲得成功，取得進展
Her show never really got off the ground in the UK.
她的節目在英國一直沒有火起來。
Examples from the Corpus
get off the ground• One Tucson businessman announced that he was organizing such an effort in early 1995, but it never got off the ground.• It never got off the ground.• Construction of the theme park never got off the ground.• And the guerrilla strategy for influencing senior partners never got off the ground.• High-definition television, still getting off the ground, is sharper but still too poor for text.• The group was slow to get off the ground, despite an encouraging article about the group in the Rotherham Advertiser.• He laughed, because I was still to get off the ground.• But it has taken the project some time to get off the ground.• He's been trying to get off the ground since the mid-60s.
9  gain ground 
a) ADVANTAGEto become more successful 取得優勢，變得更成功
It was feared that the extreme right would gain ground in the election.
人們擔心極右翼勢力會在選舉中得勢。
b) RIGHT/PROPERif an idea, belief etc gains ground, more people start to accept it 〔主張、信仰等〕普及，流行
His theories gradually gained ground among academics.
他的理論漸漸被學者們接受了。
c) to get closer to someone or something that you are competing with 追上，趕上〔競爭對手〕
Examples from the Corpus
gain ground• Martin also gained ground on Gordon, finishing sixth and moving within 87 points.• The fierce campaign by several anti-Maastricht movements has been gaining ground.• Nationalism has gained ground to the extent that it has begun to claim mainstream status.• For once, the index gained ground despite a decline in shares of Vodafone, the market's biggest stock.• Dole feels that Forbes is gaining ground.• The trend gained ground in the United States, where early symphony audiences ached to exude social refinement.• He was gaining ground on all of them, he had the beating of them yet.
10  lose ground SUCCESSFULto become less successful compared with someone or something you are competing with 失去優勢，失利
The Indian team seem determined to regain the ground they lost in the last game.
印度隊在上一場比賽中失利，這次似乎下定決心要扳回一城。
Examples from the Corpus
lose ground• Shares of major banks lost ground.• Therefore, even in those first moments, he had lost ground, was starting to fall behind himself.• Elsewhere, Islamism remains an opposition force only, and, though still potent, is losing ground.• The radicals have steadily lost ground to the moderates since then.• American students lost ground in achievement levels in math and science between the 1970s and 1980s.• Without Samson's monumental strength, the smiths seemed to lose ground.• The concern in 1970 was that women were losing ground in educational opportunities.• Woosnam lost ground with a 73 and admits that he is' not in the groove at all.
11  breeding/fertile/proving ground a situation in which something develops quickly or successfully 沃土，滋生地
The region, with its widespread poverty, provided fertile ground for revolutionary activists.
這個地區普遍貧困，是産生革命活動家的沃土。
prepare/lay the ground (=to provide the situation or conditions in which something can develop successfully) 做準備，打基礎
breeding/fertile/proving ground for
My task was to prepare the ground for the recruitment of support workers.
我的任務是爲支援人員招聘做準備工作。
Examples from the Corpus
ground for• This leads to dead spots, a breeding ground for anaerobic bacteria.• The unhygienic conditions of a stable were a breeding ground for all manner of disease and bacteria hazardous to a newborn.• Culture-specific rules and procedures of turn-taking provide ample breeding ground for misunderstanding.• Where scum settles on wetted surfaces in kitchens, it creates an ideal breeding ground for bacteria.• They are fertile ground for the emergence of an explicitly right-wing political force.• I know that negotiations do not only constitute a bargaining process, but also serve as fertile ground for creativity.• In this scenario, the earth simply provided fertile ground for extraterrestrial imports.• This is surely fertile ground for experimentation.
12  burn/raze something to the ground to destroy a city, building etc completely by fire, bombs etc 把某物燒成平地/夷爲平地
The city of Tortona was burnt to the ground.
托爾托納城被焚爲平地。
Examples from the Corpus
burn/raze something to the ground• They then torched the building, burning it to the ground.• The city continued to thrive until a massive earthquake razed it to the ground in 749AD.
13  work/drive/run yourself into the ground WORK HARDto work so hard that you become very tired or ill 使自己筋疲力盡，把自己累垮
Kay’s working herself into the ground trying to meet her deadlines.
凱在拼命工作，想如期完成任務。
Examples from the Corpus
work/drive/run yourself into the ground• But don't drive yourself into the ground.• They ran themselves into the ground, ran Chesterfield off the pitch, but they couldn't get another goal.• I tried working myself into the ground, but I could be totally exhausted and still remember.• I've already explained to you how I've worked myself into the ground setting up the interview.• Mitchell and White ran themselves into the ground and Nicky Summerbee tried everything he could to get a goal.
14  on the ground HEREin the place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else – used especially in news reports 在現場〔指重大事件發生的現場；尤用於新聞報道〕
While the politicians talk of peace, the situation on the ground remains tense.
政客們在大談和平的時候，戰場局勢依然緊張。
Examples from the Corpus
on the ground• That marked the first time that solar neutrons were detected on the ground.• The egg is infective on the ground in about two weeks at optimal temperatures.• He sat cross-legged on the ground and stared into the black grid on the front of the radio. 2.25 p.m.• People on the ground would be trying to blast us out of the air.• Putting these things in place on the ground will be our job.• But when you sleep on the ground a lot, you get to see all sorts of bugs.• That does not say much for the top chasers of the day, which are very thin on the ground.• Over five thousand dead and wounded men were on the ground, in every attitude of distress.
15  stamping ground British EnglishBrE, stomping ground American English informal someone’s stamping ground is an area where they are known or have a lot of influence 〔某人的〕勢力範圍，有影響力的地方
I guess he’ll try to reach his old stomping ground to drum up support.
我猜他是想到他的老地盤去爭取支持。
Examples from the Corpus
stamping ground• A party conference is a natural stamping ground for those who have barely four days in which to make a mark.• This raises the question: where is the natural stamping ground for experienced lawyers with case management skills?• Like Banquo's ghost her figure would be seen haunting her old stamping ground.• It's my guess he is trying to reach his old stamping ground.• But not your place, of course: we're a good four hundred light years from your usual stamping grounds.
16. electrical 電氣的 [singular] American EnglishAmETPE a wire that connects a piece of electrical equipment to the ground for safety 地線，接地線 SYN British English earth
17  grounds [plural]DFD small pieces of solid material that sink to the bottom of a liquid 沉澱物，渣滓
coffee grounds
咖啡渣
18  go to ground British EnglishBrEHIDE/MAKE IT HARD TO FIND OR SEE to make it hard for people to find you 躲避
The man has gone to ground since his photograph was published in a national newspaper.
自從照片上了一家全國性的報紙以後，那人就銷聲匿迹了。
Examples from the Corpus
go to ground• I'd gone to ground so the culprit could not have known of my presence.• The dead man's brother has gone to ground.• After flying into a military airport in a private jet, he went to ground.• Let any crook try to find me, I said to myself, when I go to ground in Uulaa-la.• Also they are very severe on the second man going to ground.
19. run somebody/something to ground British EnglishBrE to succeed in finding someone or something after a long search 費盡周折找到某人/某物
Examples from the Corpus
run somebody/something to ground• Badminton: Hall runs Baddeley to ground.
20. background 背景 [countableC] technical the colour used as the background for a design 〔設計圖的〕底色，背景
→ cut the ground from under somebody’s feet at cut1(37), → have/keep both feet on the ground at foot1(18), → suit somebody down to the ground at suit2(1), → be thin on the ground at thin1(12), → hit the ground running at hit1(24)
 THESAURUS
the ground the surface of the Earth, or the soil on its surface 地面；土壤；土地
He collapsed and fell to the ground.
他癱倒在地上。
The ground was wet and muddy.
地上潮濕泥濘。
the ocean/forest/cave etc floor the ground at the bottom of the ocean, a forest, a cave etc 大洋底/森林的地面/洞底等
Many wonderful creatures live on the ocean floor.
許多奇妙的生物生活在大洋之底。
land used when talking about an area of ground that is owned by someone, or is used for an activity. Also used when talking about the part of the Earth’s surface that is not covered with water 〔某人擁有的〕土地；〔某種活動的〕用地；陸地
His family owns a lot of land.
他家擁有大量土地。
agricultural land
農業用地
She got off the ferry, happy to be back on dry land.
她從渡船上下來，很高興又回到了陸地上。
terrain a type of land – used when talking about how easy an area of land is to cross, and whether it is rocky, flat etc 地形,地勢
The Land Rover is built to go over rough terrain.
路虎是爲穿越崎岖地形而設計的。
The terrain gets flatter when you go further south.
越往南地勢越平坦。
earth/soil the substance that plants grow in 土壤，泥土
The vegetables were still covered in black soil.
這些蔬菜上還帶着黑土。
mud wet earth 爛泥
Your shoes are covered in mud.
你的鞋上全是爛泥。
Examples from the Corpus
ground• Agnes and Weston are alike concerned that the marriage has not been made on the best grounds.• This time, however, Daley began giving ground, making concessions.• Stooping, shamed, he caressed the hallowed ground.• In the middle of the forest was a bare patch of marshy ground.• However, there are other grounds for expecting a reduction in peeking rate with increasing flock size.• The cold air is made even more apparent by the swift footwork when the entire cast jump lightly upwards away from the ground.• He kicked Cook as he lay on the ground.• A libation of orange juice poured out on the ground to the memory of Uncle Max, that's all.• He tumbled to the ground, writhed around on the dirt and covered himself with dust.• The ground sloped down from where we stood to the lake shore.• The ground was covered with snow.
ground troops• The mock load could be ammunition or supplies for ground troops ... or emergency aid for refugees.• The air force created airborne units versed in machine-gun strafing and rocket-launching operations in support of ground troops.• Send ground troops to enforce - not just oversee - a peace?• Fire support missions were dangerous for the crews and, if badly done, dangerous for the ground troops, as well.• The scouts or the ground troops would find the enemy or be in contact.• They also wanted to show their troops that they were part of the battle and supported the ground troops with our firepower.
familiar/home ground• It is a liberal city, home ground to Kim Dae Jung, a longtime leader of opponents of authoritarian rule.• Moral: Stay out of the war unless it is on home grounds.• The outside world is, for the social actor, the opposite of his own home ground.• Until his polar opposite steps lightly down on to his moon-paved home ground, the sleek beast-headed man sits at peace, inviolable.• She has picked home ground and imposed the tutorial format on him.• The more there are of the stay-at-homes, the less warm the welcome for foreign rivals on the home ground.• Rabbits are not territorial creatures to the extent of evicting other rabbits moving into their home ground from further afield.• To me this was familiar ground.
give ground• This time, however, Daley began giving ground, making concessions.• Those old animosities within the union leadership, as well as the rank and file, give ground grudgingly.• Some of the utterances of ecumenical s gave ground for this suspicion.• She gave ground grudgingly, and we wound up agreeing to a three-way split.• Neither side gave ground in Maine's budget battle.• The New Yorkers began to give ground...• This is a proper negotiation, in which both sides will have to give ground if we are to achieve a solution.• Does he withdraw his front foot, indicating his preference to give ground?• Each side was therefore unwilling to give ground and ready to support or go to the aid of their colleagues.
home ground• It is a liberal city, home ground to Kim Dae Jung, a longtime leader of opponents of authoritarian rule.• Neighbors has been noted and debated on home ground.• Moral: Stay out of the war unless it is on home grounds.• I wouldn't dream of meeting my ex-husband again unless I was on home ground.• The outside world is, for the social actor, the opposite of his own home ground.• Until his polar opposite steps lightly down on to his moon-paved home ground, the sleek beast-headed man sits at peace, inviolable.• The more there are of the stay-at-homes, the less warm the welcome for foreign rivals on the home ground.• The problems for North continued on Sunday when they lost by runs to Downpatrick at their home ground.• Rabbits are not territorial creatures to the extent of evicting other rabbits moving into their home ground from further afield.
Related topics: Air, Water, Electricity
ground2 ●○○ verb
1  aircraft 飛機 [transitiveT]TTAPREVENT to stop an aircraft or pilot from flying 禁止〔飛機或飛行員〕飛行，使停飛
All planes are grounded until the fog clears.
霧散之前，所有的飛機都停飛了。
2  boat 船 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]TTWSTOP MOVING if you ground a boat or if it grounds, it hits the bottom of the sea so that it cannot move （使）〔船〕擱淺
Both boats grounded on a mud bank.
兩條船都在泥灘上擱淺了。
3  be grounded in/on something COME FROM/ORIGINATEto be based on something 以某事物爲根據
Lewis’ ideas were grounded in his Christian faith.
劉易斯的觀點建立在他的基督教信仰之上。
Examples from the Corpus
be grounded in/on something• Woman-centred psychology is grounded in a particular woman-centred form of western feminism.• Shaftesbury thought the opposite true: religion follows from, or is grounded in, man's innate sense of morality.• Theory needs to be grounded in practice.• The group is committed to environmental policies that are grounded in science.• In his day, he said, students were grounded in spelling and had learned poetry and the Bible by heart.• Visions must be grounded in strategy People need tremendous energy to get through periods of change; they need inspiration.• Yamaichi's Financial Science is grounded in the most advanced market theories and computer technology.• The reason is grounded in the most basic issue of corporate finance.• Your understandings about politics and your decisions about whether to undertake specific political actions are grounded in your knowledge of politics.
4  child 小孩 [transitiveT] informalFORBID to stop a child going out with their friends as a punishment for behaving badly 罰〔小孩〕不準出門
I got home at 2 am and Dad grounded me on the spot.
我淩晨2點回家，爸爸當即罰我不準出去。
5. electricity 電 [transitiveT] American EnglishAmETPE to make a piece of electrical equipment safe by connecting it to the ground with a wire 把〔電器〕接地 SYN British English earth
6 ground somebody in something phrasal verbphr v TEACHto teach someone the basic things they should know in order to be able to do something 對〔某人〕進行基本訓練
Most seven-year-olds are grounded in the basics of reading and writing.
大多數七歲兒童都要接受讀寫的基本訓練。
Examples from the Corpus
ground in • Ahead of them was a scraping sound as of something being dragged along the ground.• Club attack: Glue-sniffing vandals are being blamed for attacks on the bowling pavilion in Hartlepool's Grayfields recreation ground.• The railroad lost $ 11,300 in fiscal year 1907-08, Templeton said, and continued to lose ground.• They may be subdivided into anteaters that burrow, anteaters that climb trees and anteaters that wander over the ground.• More than 6 feet off the ground, in fact, when he could have been 6 feet under.• Even the fire that burned their house to the ground went unnoticed in the newspaper.• Where Jesse Jackson and Lou Reed share common ground is in the potency of their words.• Police are urging people playing bowls last tuesday at Kingsthorpe recreation ground to get in touch if they have any information.
→ well-grounded
Examples from the Corpus
ground• The seeds are often ground and the resulting powder is a basic ingredient of curry spice mix.• You'll be grounded for a week if I catch you smoking again.• I can't go to the movie with you -- I'm grounded for the next two weeks.• Mr Finkelstein grounded his kids after they were caught fighting at school.• In his day, he said, students were grounded in spelling and had learned poetry and the Bible by heart.• I ground my teeth through the second shutdown.• Ground the black cable to the engine block, and then connect the red cable to the batteries.• Manny Ramirez, who had homered in the opening inning, grounded wide of third.
Related topics: Food
ground3 adjectiveadj [only before noun]
1.DFground coffee or nuts have been broken up into powder or very small pieces, using a special machine 〔咖啡或堅果〕磨細的，磨碎的 → grind
Examples from the Corpus
ground• ground almonds• Don't overlook ground arrangements: Airports such as Washington National, a 50p subway ride from downtown, are rare.• freshly ground black coffee• My feet find only forest vegetation, ground creepers.• Two other crew were to be carried, Mr. Gillroy as wireless operator and Mr. Davies as ground engineer.• They need the cash to pay off debt and also ground improvements like seating the kop next summer.• In urban areas, water is removed by means of continuous pipes or drains below ground level.• They have two sources of origin, above and below ground level.• Season generously with freshly ground pepper and add salt to taste.• Squeeze over some lemon juice and add freshly ground pepper.
ground4
1.x-refthe past tense and past participle of grind1 grind的過去式和過去分詞
From Longman Business Dictionary
groundground1 /graʊnd/ noun [countableC usually plural]
1a reason, often a legal or official one, for doing or believing something
ground for
There are grounds for optimism that the slump in the housing market may end.
Are there grounds for dismissing him?
The factory was closed on health and safety grounds.
2FINANCE gain ground to get an advantage or to rise in price
The dollar gained ground against sterling.
3FINANCE lose ground to lose an advantage or to fall in price
Prices were lower across the board, with nearly all blue-chip stocks losing ground.
4get off the ground if a plan, business idea etc gets off the ground, it gets started or it starts to be successful
This fund is intended to help new projects get off the ground.
5break new ground to do something completely new that no one has ever done before or discover something new about a subject
Our scientists are breaking new ground in AIDS research.
groundground2 verb
be grounded in something to be based on a particular idea, principle etc
His fiscal strategy is firmly grounded in Keynesian economics.
Origin ground1
Old English grund

See also: grind

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