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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1525 COCA: 1943

initial

Word family 
i·ni·tial1 /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ ●●○ S3 W2 AWL adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
BEGINNINGhappening at the beginning 开始的，最初的 SYN first
 an initial investment of £5,000
5,000英镑的初始投资
initial stage/phase/period
 the initial stages of the disease
疾病的早期阶段
 The initial response has been encouraging.
最初的反应情况很乐观。
Examples from the Corpus
initial• So SunTran canceled its initial call for bids and issued a second one, to which three companies eventually responded.• There are no initial charges, only an annual management fee of 1%.• It often happens that the initial choice of weights is poor, and the program should learn improved weights.• The initial cost of the computer system is more than made up for in terms of eventual profit.• A stride from an adjacent boulder gains the initial crack.• After initial delays, construction on the new library is due to start in two weeks.• Initial difficulties with the computer system were soon fixed.• Simon's initial feeling when he heard about the wedding was surprise.• Seed Money School-to-work initiatives can not get started without an initial infusion of flexible seed money.• The training set consists of a variety of initial positions of the truck.• My initial reaction was one of complete disbelief.• We focused on those three initial regional managers then polled some of the neighboring ones.• Initial sales figures have been very good.• After the initial shock, people adjusted to the new circumstances.• the initial stages of the disease• I was only involved in the initial stages of the planning.• Classes in gun handling are recommended as the initial step for those who want to own a handgun.
initial stage/phase/period• The successful candidate will be based at Jealott's Hill but will spend an initial period at Leuven.• This initial stage is expected to handle around 2 million passengers a year.• During this initial period it will be necessary to use whatever methods appear appropriate to deal with the patient's distress.• The initial period lasts for 20 working days.• They are known to counteract both the vasoconstriction and the enhanced platelet aggregation present in the initial phase of migraine.• In each case, I believe that the initial phase of the exercise is similar.• In the initial stages, the researcher needs to understand the market, and the client's position and objectives within it.
initial2 ●●○ noun [countableC]  
1  NAME OF A PERSONthe first letter of someone’s first name 名字的首字母
 ‘Can I have your initial, Mr Davies?’ ‘It’s G, Mr G Davies.’
“戴维斯先生，您名字的首字母是什么？”“是G，G. 戴维斯。”
2  initials [plural]NAME OF A PERSON the first letters of all your names in order 姓名的首字母
 His initials are DPH: they stand for David Perry Hallworth.
他姓名的首字母是 DPH，代表戴维 · 佩里 · 霍尔沃思。
Examples from the Corpus
initial• There are initials engraved on the inside.• Anyone could have typed that message and his initial, she realised with dismay.• His shirt was first time on, and his initials were monogrammed over his heart.• Ed is known as Easy, because of his initials, E.C.• That was one reason he only published under his initials.• Others say the name is an acronym, formed from the initials of three of the first amateur operators.• People asked her, significantly in that suffragette period, if the initials stood for New Women's Movement.• One was a letter stamped with the initials of the police trade union and addressed to Commissioner Italo Pompeo Baldoni.
initial3 verb (initialled, initialling British EnglishBrE, initialed, initialing American EnglishAmE)  
[transitiveT]BSIGN YOUR NAME to write your initials on a document to make it official or to show that you agree with something 在〔文件〕上签上姓名的首字母〔使其成为正式文件或表示同意〕 → sign
 The two countries have initialled a new defence co-operation agreement.
两国签署了新的防御合作协议。
Examples from the Corpus
initial• He reached his little office in the square, initialled a few reports, then asked for Sergeant Curtis.• You have to initial any corrections you make to the form.• The memo had been initialled by the President.• If you alter something you have written on a cheque, you must initial the change.• The smaller regional administrative units had initialled the Treaty on March 18.
From Longman Business Dictionary
initiali·ni·tial1 /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
happening first or at the beginning of an event or process
Each portfolio has a minimum initial investment of $3,000.
the initial capital required for the project (=the money needed to start it)
Somatogen sold two million shares in its initial public offering (=when its shares were made available to the public for the first time).
initialinitial2 verb (initialled, initialling British EnglishBrE, initialed, initialing American EnglishAmE) [transitiveT]
1to write your initials on an official document to show that you agree with it
I would be grateful if you could complete and initial clause two, and return the documents to us.
2to make an official written agreement or arrangement with someone
Seoul and Beijing initialed a trade agreement in a move to expand economic exchanges between the two nations.
initialinitial3 noun [countableC usually plural]
1the first letter of someone’s first name
I need a list of names, with initials.
2initials [plural] the first letters of the words in the name of a company or organization, or the first letters of all someone’s names
Yves Saint Laurent’s famous initials, YSL
Origin initial1
(1500-1600) Latin initialis, from initium “beginning”, from inire “to go in”, from ire “to go”
i·ni·tial1 adjectiveadjinitial2 nouninitial3 verb
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

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