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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2147 COCA: 2913

pollution

Word family 
pol·lu·tion /pəˈluːʃən/ ●●○ S3 W2 noun [uncountableU]  
1  SGPDIRTYthe process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty 污染
 California’s tough anti-pollution laws
加利福尼亚州严厉的反污染法
air/water/soil pollution
 air pollution from traffic fumes
车辆尾气造成的空气污染
pollution prevention/standards/control
 The costs of pollution control must be considered.
必须考虑污染控制的成本。
2  SGPDIRTYsubstances that make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty 污染物
 a plan to reduce pollution
减少污染物的计划
industrial/chemical etc pollution
 the effects of industrial pollution on the population
工业污染物对人口的影响
 The chemicals have been identified as a source of pollution.
这些化学物质被确定为一种污染源。
→4  See picture on 见图 Page A6 Environmental problems 环境问题
→ noise pollution
n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + pollution
bad/serious/severe
The mines have caused serious pollution of the river system.
The pollution was so bad that most of the fish died.
air pollution
Air pollution can cause breathing problems for some people.
atmospheric pollution formal (=air pollution)
The oil wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on a massive scale.
water/river pollution
The National Rivers Authority tests levels of water pollution.
marine pollution formal (=pollution of the sea)
Oil spills are a major cause of marine pollution.
environmental pollution
Most environmental pollution originates in the developed countries.
industrial pollution (=from factories)
A study has linked ill health in the area with industrial pollution.
chemical pollution
Chemical pollution threatens the survival of these animals.
verbs
reduce/cut pollution
New measures are needed to reduce pollution from cars.
control pollution
The water company is failing to control pollution.
tackle/combat pollution (=try to deal with it)
Governments must tackle pollution now.
prevent pollution
Efforts are being made to prevent further pollution.
monitor pollution (=measure it)
It is possible to monitor pollution from incinerator chimneys.
pollution + NOUN
pollution levels
The aim is to reduce pollution levels to those of the 1930s.
a pollution problem
Environmentalists fear that the new factories will lead to severe pollution problems.
pollution control
Effective pollution control was not being undertaken.
phrases
a source/cause of pollution
The factory was a clear source of pollution.
Fumes from cars are a major cause of air pollution.
5 GRAMMAR 语法
Pollution is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it. pollution 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,后面要跟单数动词
The pollution is worse during winter.
冬季污染更为严重。
n GRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?
Pollution is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say:
The air is full of pollution.
✗Don’t say: The air is full of pollutions.
Examples from the Corpus
pollution• Pollution and overfishing have reduced the population of coastal fish.• Pollution from cars is the main cause of global warming.• Pollution levels are often dangerously high in large cities.• Pollution levels in the area shot up as soon as the factory started operating.• A federal law spells out the penalties for missing the deadline to cut air pollution.• She says that transporting goods by rail instead of road would cut air pollution dramatically.• The city is looking into ways to reduce air pollution.• But Doran's invention is safe as well as economical and pollution free.• The convention, signed by the six states bordering the Black Sea, aims to reduce current pollution levels.• The most obvious examples of spillover costs involve environmental pollution.• The use of electric cars could be a key factor in fighting pollution.• Industrial pollution has killed much of the river's wildlife.• The report recommends a number of steps designed to limit pollution.• Not only do they consume more natural resources, they also produce more pollution.• The law speaks of causing or knowingly permitting pollution, and the concept of cause has been strictly construed.• Thousands of fish died from river pollution.• And there too I will cleanse the men from their pollution.• What pollution controls will the state authorities put in place?
pollution prevention/standards/control• Such action represents the adoption of aspects of a second air pollution control strategy - namely, the emission standards strategy.• The water authorities thus not only set and enforce pollution standards, they are major polluters themselves.• Before they were defined, there were no ecological targets for pollution control, only political ones.• The factories had previously been ordered to install pollution control equipment but had failed to respond.• The district is the basic geographical unit of pollution control and usually contains one or two river or stream systems.• The lack of money spent on pollution control.
source of pollution• The greatest sources of pollution are cars, power stations, the chemical industry and agriculture.• Although we tend to think of industrial effluent, sewage is a more important source of pollution.• The major sources of pollution were oil spills, discharges from refineries and natural seepage from oil-bearing strata.• Additionally, this waste is a potential source of pollution when it degrades, releasing undesirable chemicals into the soil and air.
From Longman Business Dictionary
pollutionpol·lu·tion /pəˈluːʃən/ noun [uncountableU]
when substances make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty, or these substances themselves
the effects of industrial pollution
They plan to introduce measures to reduce air pollution from traffic fumes.
tough anti-pollution laws
pol·lu·tion noun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1
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