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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2584 COCA: 2656

survival

Word family 
sur·viv·al /səˈvaɪvəl $ sər-/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun
1  LIVING/ALIVE[uncountableU] the state of continuing to live or exist 繼續生存；幸存
survival of
Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species.
非法狩獵正威脅着物種的生存。
The doctors gave him a one in ten chance of survival.
醫生說他有十分之一的生存希望。
A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival (=work hard in order to continue to exist).
很多小公司不得不掙紮求生。
2. survival of the fittest COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATa situation in which only the strongest and most successful people or things continue to exist 適者生存
Examples from the Corpus
survival of the fittest• We are now entering the era of strict personal accountability, value for money, and survival of the fittest.• It is survival of the fittest out there and if I had to do it again I believe I would.• They call it survival of the fittest, although it's their own survival they are now worried about.• And as all we fifths of six know, life is, ahem, strictly survival of the fittest.• These are metaphors of battle, struggle and the survival of the fittest.• Skiing involves the survival of the fittest.• The law of the survival of the fittest was not made by man.
3  a survival from something especially British EnglishBrEREMAIN/BE LEFT something that has continued to exist from a much earlier period, especially when similar things have disappeared 某事物的殘存物 [遺風，遺迹] SYN relic
The cult is a survival from the old Zoroastrian religion.
這種膜拜儀式是古老的拜火教遺留下來的。
Examples from the Corpus
a survival from something• These were a survival from his army days and, therefore, some way from being sexually provocative.
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
long-term survival
The long-term survival of polar bears is at risk.
continued survival
The continued survival of this species of dolphin seems unlikely.
economic survival
Both countries depend on wildlife-based tourism for their economic survival.
political survival
The prime minister is fighting for his political survival.
survival + NOUN
the survival rate
The survival rate of animals returned to the wild remains an unanswered question.
somebody’s survival instinct (=a natural ability to know how to survive)
My survival instinct told me to get up and run.
survival skills
They learned survival skills from the local Indian tribe.
a survival strategy
The best survival strategy is to avoid putting yourself in unnecessary danger.
verbs
fight/struggle for survival
Many construction companies are fighting for survival.
ensure the survival of something/somebody
Controlling land development would ensure the survival of many types of wildlife.
owe your survival to somebody/something
The frogs owe their survival to a conservation program.
phrases
somebody’s chance(s) of survival
He knew that his chances of survival were small.
somebody’s fight/struggle/battle for survival
Their lives had been one long struggle for survival.
Examples from the Corpus
survival• It has come to have a bearing on the larger questions of civilized survival.• It does not seem regressive to put it to use in the service of gay survival as well.• But if we think of our target as anything that would improve survival chances, the argument still works.• Doctors say his chances of survival are not good.• It was my own survival mechanism.• The important things are the genes, which are selfish, in seeking their own survival by any means.• This in itself is why the panda's survival is becoming more and more dubious every year.• However, subversive survival strategies were possible.
fight for survival• Two years ago, he arrived battered, beaten and fighting for survival in the face of Republican victories in 1994.• Time allowed 00:22 Read in studio Five puppies are fighting for survival after being left to die in a rubbish sack.• Now they are fighting for survival.• The old chairman still worries about them, about the continued fight for survival.• This argument is that the inverse relationship is a result of desperate families fighting for survival from too small pieces of land.• Transformation gave way to a grim fight for survival.• The deal, which is worth almost seventeen million pounds, depends on Morland winning its fight for survival.• The miners took their fight for survival to Downing Street yesterday with a 638,000-name petition opposing the closures.
From Longman Business Dictionary
survivalsur·viv·al /səˈvaɪvəlsər-/ noun
1[uncountableU] the state of continuing to exist, even though a situation is difficult
The change of strategy will ensure the firm’seconomic survival.
Survival in commercial business often depends on a company’s ability to expand its product line.
2survival of the fittest a situation in which only the strongest and most successful people, organizations etc continue to exist
In today’s business climate, survival of the fittest means survival of the fastest to respond to the changing market.

See also: survive

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