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short
Word family
short1 /ʃɔːt $ ʃɔːrt/ ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj (comparativecomp shorter, superlativesupl shortest)
1 time 时间SHORT TIME happening or continuing for only a little time or for less time than usual 短（暂）的，短期的 OPP long
For a short while (=a short time), the city functioned as the region’s capital.
这座城市曾经在很短的一段时间里是这个地区的首府。
Germany achieved spectacular economic success in a relatively short period of time.
德国在相对较短的时间里取得了非凡的经济成就。
2 length/distance 长度/距离SHORT/NOT LONG measuring a small amount in length or distance 〔长度或距离〕短的 OPP long
4 book/letter 书/信SHORT/NOT LONG a book, letter etc that is short does not have many words or pages 简短的 OPP long → short story
5 not enough 不够的
a) if you are short of something, you do not have enough of it 缺少的
I’m a bit short British EnglishBrE spoken (=I haven’t got much money at the moment) 我目前手头有点紧
6 be short on something to have less of something than you should have 缺乏某物
Examples from the Corpus
be short on something• Sometimes I think he's a little short on common sense.• Before Diller came in, they were short on cash and needed to get a product out fast.• If your company is short on cash, it becomes very tempting not to remit these taxes.• Useful vegetarian cafe to know about, as the area is short on cheap options.• It was short on ice and long on scotch.• It might be short on intrigue and backstabbing but it would move at a cracking pace.• The hospital was short on nurses.• Seeking clarification from one who should know, we are told that Mr Smith is short on pessimism.
7 less than 少于LESS a little less than a number 少于，未达到 〔某个数目〕
8 short notice SUDDENLYif something is short notice, you are told about it only a short time before it happens 提前很短时间的通知，很迟才通知
Examples from the Corpus
short notice• Frieder could have a glut of scholarships available on short notice.• His armour was piled not three yards away, arrayed ready to be donned at short notice.• Our entire Fleet had to prepare for sortie on such short notice.• I am very sorry to give you such short notice about this.• The registry office couldn't marry them at such short notice and they must wait until the following day.• When a march is organised at short notice, as much notice as practicable must be given.• He was called in at short notice due to the unfortunate motor accident involving Design Director, Bill Naysmith.• Part C. A short notice teaching session - 20 minutes.
9 in the short term/run SOONduring the period of time that is not very far into the future 在短期内 → short-term
Examples from the Corpus
in the short term/run• Even marriage into the royal family only assured such support in the short term.• Giving sanctuary to political asylum-seekers is seldom rewarded on earth, at least in the short term.• He predicted more volatile dealings in the short run.• The vocabulary of every language is so vast that there is no way to eliminate all such hazards in the short run.• Which are the campaign promises that you believe you can deliver on in the short term?• Evidently not, in the short term, but in the long term Fangorn knows his race and story are sterile.• These measures may save some money in the short term, but we'll just end up spending more later.• Although those measures would cost money in the short term, Rep.
10 have a short memory if someone has a short memory, they soon forget something that has happened 记性不好
Examples from the Corpus
have a short memory• Bring any player back and he does not perform and people have short memories.• Other strategies might be more forgiving and have shorter memories.• Manufacturers have short memories, you know.
11 be short for something SHORT/NOT LONGto be a shorter way of saying a name 是某事物的简称
Examples from the Corpus
be short for something• It is short for a par 5 but you soon realise why.• Her name is Alex, short for Alexandra.• Chuck is short for Charlie, and Charlie is the old code name for a down-home white bigot.• He was short for his age and had little, sharp, ugly eyes.• Already as a consequence of the war, half the children up to five years are short for their age due to malnutrition.• For now the nomads are surviving, but time most be short for them.
12 be short of breath to be unable to breathe easily, especially because you are unhealthy 呼吸短促，气喘吁吁〔尤因身体不健康〕
Examples from the Corpus
be short of breath• He sleeps badly and is short of breath on exertion.
13 be short with somebody RUDE/IMPOLITEto speak to someone using very few words, in a way that seems rude or unfriendly 对某人说话简慢无礼
Examples from the Corpus
be short with somebody• Hatching time is short with fry appearing after 24 to 30 hours, and growing rapidly when fed with rotifers.• Farrar was short with livery lips and thick black eyebrows, and Something was prematurely bald and thought he was really cool.• He was short with me, in fact.• No wonder he was short with me over the phone.• He was short with one blue-black hand and the other arm half gone, ended cleanly just below the elbow.• Sorry I was short with you on the phone this morning.
15 get/be given short shrift SYMPATHIZE#if you or your idea, suggestion etc is given short shrift, you are told immediately that you are wrong and are not given any attention or sympathy 〔观点、建议等〕当即遭到否定，受冷遇
16 be nothing/little short of something VERYused to emphasize that something is very good, very surprising etc 毫不逊于…，简 直就是…〔用于强调〕
Examples from the Corpus
be nothing/little short of something• What they envision is nothing short of a new corporate structure, in which accounting and other functions are outsourced.• This is nothing short of a scandal.• The 18 tracks of the new record are so dizzyingly dexterous, the live show should be nothing short of amazing.• The quality of sound via these outputs is nothing short of amazing.• The result is nothing short of brilliant and has met with raves in all the glossy industry mags.• The city hopes to attract around 3.5 million visitors annually, but last year's figures were little short of disastrous.• First, I would strongly advise other CEOs to follow our experience because the results stood to be nothing short of spectacular.• It is little short of tragic that she has been cut off, while still at the peak of her singing power.
17 draw/get the short straw JOB/TASKto be given something difficult or unpleasant to do, especially when other people have been given something better 得个苦差事；比别人吃亏
Examples from the Corpus
18 make short work of (doing) something FINISH DOING somethingto finish something quickly and easily, especially food or a job 迅速完成某事物，轻易解决某事物〔尤指食物或工作〕
Examples from the Corpus
make short work of (doing) something• The second game we pull away early and make short work of it.• Carmen would have made short work of Michael too.• These cannibalistic tadpoles make short work of one of their siblings.• It made short work of our Windows performance tests, WinTach, clocking up an impressive index of over 9.3.• It is fair to warn anglers that thousands of crabs soon make short work of rag and lugworm.• Fourth placed Guisborough made short work of the opposition at Saltburn.• Guernsey made short work of the opposition when they won the event on home soil in 1990.• He made short work of the remainder of his lunch, pushed his chair from the table, and stood up.
19 have/get somebody by the short and curlies (also have/get somebody by the short hairs) British EnglishBrE informal not polite to put someone in a situation in which they are forced to do or accept what you want 强迫某人做，硬逼某人接受
20 be one ... short of a ... spoken used humorously to say that someone is a little crazy or stupid 〔某人〕有点冒傻气[愚蠢]〔幽默用法〕
21 short time British EnglishBrE when workers work for fewer hours than usual, because the company cannot afford to pay them their full wage 短工时，缩短工作时间〔因公司支付不起全额工资〕
Examples from the Corpus
short time• In this way a carcass can draw vultures from far away in a short time.• One year is a very short time.• Just a short time ago the forest was impenetrable ... and safe.• Employees may try working at the new location for a short time and then decide not to continue.• Now that he's on short time he's doing more round the house.• Police arrested a male juvenile a short time later.• The forest has reclaimed the fields even in this short time since I was last there.
22. in short order formalSHORT TIME in a short time and without delay 在短时间内，毫不拖延地
Examples from the Corpus
in short order• The bombers destroyed the enemy's camp in short order.• Collectively they squandered their pricing power in short order.• He gave me his curriculum vitae in short order.• I charmed him in short order.• Sun Microsystems Inc will make it available for all Sparc systems in short order.• They would be attacked in short order and possibly even killed.• We got to Pecos in short order and turned north for Carlsbad.• A piece of good news for Bill Clinton in Congress was followed, in short order, by the opposite.• But, in short order, Lott orchestrated deals on a range of stalled legislation, from welfare reform to health care.
23. give somebody short measure British EnglishBrE old-fashionedSELL to give someone less than the correct amount of something, especially in a shop 〔尤指商店售货〕少给某人分量，给某人的分量不足
24. sound 声音 technicalSL a short vowel is pronounced quickly without being emphasized, for example the sound of a in ‘cat’, e in ‘bet’, and i in ‘bit’ 〔元音〕发短音的 OPP long
—shortness noun [uncountableU]
→ life’s too short at life(27) THESAURUS
time 时间
short not long 时间短的,短暂的
I lived in Tokyo for a short time.
我曾在东京短暂居住。
Smokers have a shorter life expectancy than non-smokers.
烟民的预期寿命比非烟民短。
brief especially written lasting only for a short time. Brief is more formal than short, and is used especially in written English 短暂的,短时间的〔brief比short正式,尤用于书面英语〕
The president will make a brief visit to Seattle today.
今天总统将在西雅图作短暂访问。
He coached Hingis for a brief period in the 1990s.
他在20世纪90年代曾短时间当过辛吉斯的教练。
quick [only before noun] taking a short time to do something 很快的,快速的
I had a quick look at the map.
我很快地看了一眼地图。
He had a quick shower and then went out.
他匆匆洗了澡,然后出去了。
short-lived lasting only for a short time – used especially when someone wishes that a good situation had been able to last for longer 短命的,短期的〔尤指某人希望好的状况能长久〕
short-lived success
短暂的成功
The ceasefire was short-lived.
那是短暂的停火。
a short-lived romance
短命的爱情
short-lived optimism about the economy
对经济的短暂乐观
fleeting lasting only for an extremely short time – used especially when someone wishes that something had been able to last for longer 转瞬即逝的,短暂的〔尤指某人希望某事物能持续更长时间〕
a fleeting visit
匆匆的访问
a fleeting smile
一掠而过的笑容
She caught a fleeting glimpse of him.
她只匆匆地了他一眼。
a fleeting moment of happiness
幸福的瞬间
na fleeting thought
momentary lasting for a very short time – used especially about feelings or pauses 〔尤指情感或停顿〕片刻的,瞬间的
There was a momentary pause in the conversation.
谈话中有片刻的停顿。
The momentary panic ended when he found his two-year-old son waiting happily outside the store.
看到两岁的儿子开开心心地等在商店外面,他一时的惊恐消失了。
passing [only before noun] lasting only for a short time – used especially when people are only interested in something or mention something for a short time 〔尤指兴趣或对某事的提起〕短暂的,一时的
passing fashions
一时流行的风尚
He made only a passing reference to war.
他只略微提及战争。
It’s just a passing phase (=it will end soon).
这只是一个暂时的阶段。
ephemeral formal lasting only for a short time, and ending quickly like everything else in this world 短暂的,短促的
person 人Beauty is ephemeral.
美是短暂的。
the ephemeral nature of our existence
生命的短暂
His wealth proved to be ephemeral.
他的财富最后转眼成空。
short someone who is short is not as tall as most people 个子矮的
He was a short fat man.
他又矮又胖。
not very tall quite short. This phrase sounds more gentle than saying that someone is short 不是很高的〔比short委婉〕
She wasn’t very tall – maybe about 1.60 m.
她不是很高——可能一米六左右。
small short and with a small body 个子矮小的
My mother was a small woman.
我母亲是个个子矮小的女人。
The girl was quite small for her age (=smaller than other girls of the same age).
以她的年龄来说,这女孩个子挺小的。
petite used about a woman who is attractively short and thin 〔女子〕娇小的
She was a petite woman with blonde hair.
她是一个娇小的金发女子。
stocky used about a boy or man who is short, heavy, and strong 〔男孩或男子〕矮而结实的,粗壮的
Harry was stocky and middle-aged.
哈里是一个敦实的中年人。
diminutive formal or literary very short or small – used especially in descriptions in novels 非常矮小的〔尤用于小说描写〕
a diminutive figure dressed in black
穿着黑衣的矮小身影
n GRAMMAR: Order of adjectives
If there is more than one adjective, the adjectives are usually used in a fixed order.
You say:
I bought a beautiful short dress.
✗Don’t say: I bought a short beautiful dress.You say:
She has short black hair.
✗Don’t say: She has black short hair.Examples from the Corpus
short• Suddenly, every day seems just that little bit shorter.• 'What does she look like?' 'She's short and fat, with brown hair.'• Brad is fairly short and stocky.• But it was always widely feared that the narrow time frame was far too short and would work against an effective peace.• a short course in aromatherapy• She has short curly hair and wears glasses.• Sandy took a short cut home.• Do you know any short cuts to the hospital?• It's a short drive from the airport.• Perhaps more significant are the events in the remaining and short history of the Rochdale Co-operative Manufacturing Society.• Please write a short paragraph explaining your reasons for applying to this college.• a short pause in the conversation• I said after a short pause.• It would have been better if they'd closed the road for a short period of time while the repairs were done.• The problem worsens with the relentless financial pressures for immediate performance in the short run.• a short-sleeved T-shirt• The chapters are really short, so I read a couple every night.• Ken gave a short speech at the award ceremony.• Graham made a short speech of thanks after the ceremony.• a short, stocky man with powerful shoulders• a book of short stories• Mr Haddad was several inches shorter than his wife.• I've just been living here a short time.• I really do feel this way for a short time.• Chris went for a short walk to clear his head.• A short while later, the doorbell rang.
a short time• How did you manage to do all this in such a short time?• He told me before she came that she was asking for somewhere secret to stay for a short time.• Is he the kind of man to lend you the rings for luck for a short time?• I think he went to prison for a short time.• The police arrived within a very short time.• The talk should only last a short time.• Your friends left a short time ago.• Employees may try working at the new location for a short time and then decide not to continue.• After a short time had passed he began to tap his foot on the kerb impatiently.• Within a short time her influence in the field of social work spread beyond the confines of Denison House.• I thought about my dear wife, and for a short time I felt better.• Alistair arrived at the party a short time later, and he too seemed to be known among the various performers.• Unfortunately, we could only spend a short time together.• As a result of her actions, Amelia became even more popular and within a short time was practically running Ogontz.
short distance• They drift off lazily to the west for a short distance.• At first, they assemble a short distance away, shyly facing the adults, who wave, smile, say hello.• It was built without delay, a short distance into Tennison Road, alongside a small market garden.• Taking a deep breath, Eline crossed the road and walked the short distance to Joe's house.• Lytham St Annes, a short distance to the south, has sandy beaches and several excellent golf courses.• She walked the short distance to work, seeing nothing of the beauty of the day.• Even within a short distance we can see remarkable changes of thickness.• The vehicles will go through deep drifts for short distances when the momentum of the vehicle will carry it through.
be short (of something)• Can you lend me a couple of dollars? I'm still a little short.• Jill dropped out of college two credits short of graduation.• At first in a bunch, then stringing out, some hastening, some loitering, though the distance is short.• My breath is short, and my heartbeat thunders intermittently in the ear against the pillow.• Communications are short and publication is rapid, providing information on new avenues of research in the shortest possible time.• He was short, in his fifties, wearing a white shirt with a brown paisley pattern.• She can't be short of a bob or two.• The Democrats are three votes short of a majority in the Senate.• Their huts were short tepees protected by tree branches or rounded huts covered with animal skins.• Clinic measurements of children under 2 years of age tended to show length to be shorter than actual. 3.• As the majority of the words would be shorter than this, there would a large amount of wasted space.
just/a little short of something• As far as I was concerned, it was just a little short of hack work.
short2 ●●○ noun
1 shorts [plural]
Examples from the Corpus
2 in short SUMMARIZEused when you want to give the main point of something 总而言之，简单地说
Examples from the Corpus
5 [countableC] British EnglishBrE informalDFD a strong alcoholic drink that is not beer or wine, drunk in a small glass 〔用小酒杯喝的〕烈酒 SYN American English shot
→ the long and the short of it at long1(10)Examples from the Corpus
short• There must be a short in the system.• He was pale; the portion of his legs between his socks and shorts was white.• Joe explained that oversized jeans were necessary to showcase wildly patterned boxer shorts.• He smiled, taking in Willie's crumpled grey shorts and jersey.• He jerked down his shorts, and sat with legs spread on the edge of a slope-backed chair.• The odd thing is that it isn't the big chaps in shorts who are under fire.• I sat on the rocky slope above Gay Acres, not wanting to stain my white shorts on the grass.
short3 ●○○ adverbadv
1 fall short of something FAILto be less than what you need, expected, or hoped for, or to fail to reach a satisfactory standard 达不到〔目的、期望、标准〕
Examples from the Corpus
fall short of something• On the other hand, if the firm falls short of covering its fixed costs, a loss will be incurred.• The results fell short of eight analysts' forecasts of profit between 130 million and 127 million pounds.• The trainers suggest that, as guards, they fell short of expectations.• By 1951 the Labour government had built 900,000 houses, falling short of its target of 240,000 dwellings a year.• Even in the best of years, Journal news coverage inevitably falls short of perfection.• Anything less than this is a measure of the extent to which the research falls short of scientific standards.• Reality has a way of falling short of the ideal.
2 be running short (of/on something) ENOUGH#if you are running short of something, or if something is running short, it is being used up and there will soon not be enough left （某物）使用殆尽，即将用完
Examples from the Corpus
be running short (of/on something)• Let's go - time's running short.• Our supply of firewood was running short.• Nevertheless, Baldwin felt his time was running short.• Still, time is running short.• Time was running short for Lievin.• San Francisco may be running short of characters, but new communities pop up every day.• He was running short of petrol and that route offered him the chance to capture replenishments along the way.• As we are running short of time, let me end with one area where there is a clear divide.• He was running short of time.• Many stores are running short on bottled water.
3 stop short of doing something to almost do something but then decide not to do it 将要做某事时突然罢手，险些做某事
Examples from the Corpus
stop short of doing something• Paula stopped just short of calling me a thief.• But they have stopped short of rejecting the idea altogether.• Doctors stop short of saying the disease is always fatal, but medical literature paints a bleak picture.• Even then I stopped short of making a complaint.• He believed in a kind of progressive development of forms, but like Forbes stopped short of an actual evolutionary theory.• His passion has only just stopped short of writing a structural critique of the civil engineering faults at Valhalla.• Wisely, perhaps, Marochnik stops short of drawing any dramatic conclusions, but two things are clear.• Yet we stop short of analysing what it is.
4 stop short STOP DOING somethingQUIETto suddenly stop speaking or stop what you are doing, because something has surprised you or you have just thought of something 〔在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而〕突然停下
Examples from the Corpus
stop short• He reads a few lines and stops short.• At the crest of the hill, she stopped short as she read a warning sign next to the trail.• It goes without saying that all this stops short at the people, who have been abandoned to the authorities' exploitation.• The door opened abruptly, and over Roman's shoulder Claudia saw Dana stop short in confusion.• He believed in a kind of progressive development of forms, but like Forbes stopped short of an actual evolutionary theory.• Both stop short of demanding censorship, though Mary Whitehouse is characteristically less tentative.• Wisely, perhaps, Marochnik stops short of drawing any dramatic conclusions, but two things are clear.• Even then I stopped short of making a complaint.• He stopped short of making recommendations about weapons programs in his 90-minute meeting at the White House.
5 be cut short STOP something THAT IS HAPPENINGif something is cut short, it is stopped before you expect or before it is finished 突然中断
Examples from the Corpus
be cut short• Then their wedding night in a luxury hotel was cut short at 6am - because of a fire alert.• Further discussion is cut short by a bump that interposes a few bodies between us.• Freire's experiment was cut short by a military coup, so it is difficult to judge the results.• And his restless nature rendered him an artist whose greatness frequently was cut short by his lack of focus.• It printed prose and verse in broadside and chapbook form till its activities were cut short by the War.• He was missing two front teeth, and his hair was cut short in a burr.• Hugh McPherson, alleges his Army career was cut short in retaliation for his thorough pursuit of the events.
7 pull/bring somebody up short STOP DOING somethingSTOP MOVINGto surprise or shock someone so that they stop what they are doing or saying to think for a moment 让某人怔了一下，使某人愣了片刻
Examples from the Corpus
pull/bring somebody up short• A moment later, realising she was teetering on the brink of self-pity, she brought herself up short.• A moment later, though, and she was bringing herself up short.• She has a red face and a manner that pulls people up short.• This brings us up short at the outset of our study.• However, never bring a preclear up short on this material.• But Blue brings himself up short, realizing that they have nothing really to do with Black.
8 3 metres/5 miles etc short of something without reaching a place you are trying to get to, because you are still a particular distance from it 距某处还差三米/五英里等
10 short of (doing) something IFwithout actually doing something 除非（做）某事
Examples from the Corpus
short of (doing) something• A pair to fit wellies which reach right up to the knee cost a penny short of a fiver.• San Francisco may be running short of characters, but new communities pop up every day.• Apart from Ferkhan, everybody was short of food.• Even in the best of years, Journal news coverage inevitably falls short of perfection.• The company said its earnings would fall short of previous expectations mainly because of lower earnings from its Gulf Printing unit.• Short of selling the house, I don't know how we're going to get that amount of money.• That is nothing short of stupidity.• The House vote fell well short of the 291 required to override a veto.
11 come up short to fail to win or achieve something 未能赢取；未能获得
Examples from the Corpus
come up short• He struck the ball tentatively, and it came up short.• I went home, wanting to do something very special, but came up short.• Judged by their own standards, they came up short.• This analysis often reveals why some groups regularly succeed and others regularly come up short.• We're so close to getting the job done, but we keep coming up short.• Riley keeps coming up short, but insists on coming right back to pound the same hammer with the same nail.• We've been to the state tournament four times, but we've come up short every time.• Kansas played well for 38 minutes but came up short in the end.• If we keep coming up short, tax the Patagonians.
12 go short (of something) ENOUGH# British EnglishBrE to have less of something than you need 不够，欠缺（某物）
Examples from the Corpus
go short (of something)• More of the world-beating copies are on sale today in areas that went short.• The stroke went short and choppy.• But Jude is used to going short of beauty sleep-although it doesn't show.• So whether you're visiting Perth or Penzance, you need never go short of cash.• You haven't gone short of food, that's obvious.• That would make it extremely painful to have gone short of sterling in the past few days.• Since these are fairly cheap to buy and easy to prepare, the elderly rarely go short of them.• Debbie's husband would have cared if he had gone short, oh yes.
Examples from the Corpus
short• He had short black hair, a scruffy moustache and a pointed nose.• Charles was short, heavyset, and forty-three years old.• It is the record of a glory that was short lived, but makes an illustrious event in Aarau's history.• Attempts to introduce drift-nets into neighbouring New Zealand waters were more short lived.
short4 (also short out) verb [intransitiveI, transitiveT]
Examples from the Corpus
From Longman Business Dictionary
shortshort1 /ʃɔːtʃɔːrt/ adjectiveadj
1not having as much of something as there should be or as much as you need
Have you all paid me? I’m still about £9 short.
short of
The insurance fund was running short of cash.
2be short of stock/be short on stockFINANCE if someone is short of stock, they have sold shares that they do not yet own, believing that the price will fall before the shares have to be delivered
shortshort2 adverbadvFINANCE
1if someone sells bonds, shares, currencies etc short, they sell bonds etc that they do not yet own believing that the price will fall so that they can be bought more cheaply before they have to be delivered
traders who sell short
2go short (on something) to sell bonds, shares, currencies etc that you do not own, believing that their value will fall and that you will be able to buy them more cheaply before they have to be delivered
These money managers go short, making bets that certain stocks will decline.
shortshort3 verb [intransitiveI, transitiveT]FINANCE
to sell shares that you do not yet own, believing that the price will fall so that the shares can be bought more cheaply before they have to be delivered
Many were actually shorting the market, betting prices would fall.
—shorting noun [uncountableU]
For those with the nerves for it, shorting can be a grand way to make money.
Old English scort
short1 adjectiveadj
→n GRAMMAR1 →THESAURUS1short2 nounshort3 adverbadvshort4 verb
→10-24
→n GRAMMAR1 →THESAURUS1short2 nounshort3 adverbadvshort4 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
adjective¹
adjective²
adjective³
short adj.
⇨ short 1 (a short time/book) ⇨ short 2 (short people/legs) ⇨ short 3 (the short answer) ⇨ scarce (money is short) ⇨ in short supply ⇨ scarce short 1 a short time/book/memory 短时间；一本篇幅短的书；记性差 short people/legs 个子矮的人；短腿 the short answer to your query 对你的询问的简略回答 ➡ See also the entry for quick 另见quick条 short ♦︎ temporary ♦︎ brief ♦︎ short-lived ♦︎ fleeting ♦︎ momentary ♦︎ passing These words all describe sth that lasts for a small amount of time. 这些词均表示短期的、短暂的、暂时的。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a short / brief / fleeting / passing moment ◆ a short / temporary / brief stay ◆ a short / brief / fleeting visit ◆ a short / brief / momentary silence / pause ◆ a temporary / short-lived / momentary / passing interest ◆ a temporary / brief / short-lived success ◆ a brief / fleeting / momentary / passing glance / glimpse ◆ a brief / fleeting / momentary look / smile ◆ a brief / fleeting / passing reference ◆ very / relatively short / temporary / brief / short-lived◆ only temporary / brief / fleeting / momentary■ short lasting or taking a small amount of time or less time than usual 时间短的；短期的；短暂的 ◆ I'm going to France next week for a short break.下周我打算去法国度个短假。 ◆ Which is the shortest day of the year?一年中哪一天最短？ ◆ It's quite a short book (= that takes a short time to read) .那是一本篇幅很短的书。 ◆ She has a very short memory (= remembers only things that have happened recently) .她记性很差。 ⓘ Short is also used before a noun to describe a period of time that seems to have passed very quickly. * short也可用于名词前，形容时间似乎过得飞快 ◆ Just two short years ago he was the best player in the country.不过短短两年前，他还是全国最优秀的选手呢。 OPP long ⇨ long adj. shorten ⇨ shrink ■ temporary lasting or intended to last for only a short time 短暂的；暂时的；临时的 ◆ 25 000 households are living in temporary accommodation.有25 000户人家住在临时住所里。 ◆ The job's only temporary, while their secretary's on maternity leave.这份工作是临时性的，只是在他们的秘书休产假期间代班。 ◆ More than half the employees are temporary.半数以上的职员是临时雇员。 OPP permanent ⇨ permanent ▸ temporarily ˈtemprərəli; NAmE ˌtempəˈrerəli ◆ We regret that this service is temporarily unavailable.很抱歉我们暂时不能提供这项服务。 OPP permanently ⇨ permanent adj. ■ brief briːf (written ) lasting for only a short time 短时间的；短暂的 ◆ The prime minister is due to make a brief visit to South Korea.总理预定去韩国作短期访问。 ◆ Sean gave a brief glance at the screen.肖恩朝屏幕瞥了一眼。 ◆ There was a brief silence after I made my announcement.我发布完公告之后，出现了短暂的沉默。 ◆ Mozart's life was brief.莫扎特英年早逝。 OPP long ⇨ long adj. ▸ briefly ◆ He had spoken to Emma only briefly.他和埃玛只是简短地说了几句话。 NOTE 辨析 Short is used more often than brief in informal and spoken English. * short比brief更常用于非正式英语和口语中 ◆ I'm going to France for a brief break. ◆ The Dutch prime minister is making a short / brief visit.荷兰总理正在进行短暂访问。 Short , but not brief is used to describe books, lists, projects, etc. that take only a short time to read/deal with/complete. Brief is used more frequently than short to describe a look, glance, glimpse, smile or sigh . 当指涉的对象是书、清单、项目等，表示不需多花时间便能完成时，要用short而非brief；在形容look、glance、glimpse、smile或sigh时，更常用brief而非short。 ■ ˌshort-ˈlived (especially of sth good or pleasant) lasting for only a short time （尤指美好或愉快的事物）短暂的 ◆ The benefits are likely to be short-lived.这些福利很可能是短暂的。 ◆ It was a very short-lived government.这是一个十分短命的政府。 ◆ The stars enjoyed an intense but short-lived romance.明星都喜欢谈轰轰烈烈但短暂的恋爱。 OPP long-lasting ⇨ long adj. , lasting , enduring ⇨ permanent ■ fleeting [usually before noun ] (written ) (especially of sth good or pleasant) lasting for only a very short time （尤指美好或愉快的事物）短暂的，闪现的 ◆ A fleeting smile touched his lips.他的嘴角闪过一丝微笑。 ◆ Alone on deck, I experienced a fleeting moment of happiness.我独自待在甲板上，体验了短暂的幸福时刻。 ▸ fleetingly ◆ She smiled fleetingly.她脸上闪过一丝微笑。 NOTE 辨析 short-lived and fleeting are used especially to talk about good or pleasant things that last only a short time. Fleeting is a more literary word than short-lived and usually describes even shorter actions or experiences; although it describes pleasant things it can create a feeling of sadness because the thing lasts such a short time. * short-lived和fleeting都指美好或愉快的事物稍纵即逝。fleeting比short-lived更具文学色彩，通常形容更短暂的动作或经历。尽管fleeting所描述的是一些愉快的事，但会因持续不久而使人产生一丝感伤。 ■ momentary ˈməʊməntri; NAmE ˈmoʊmənteri (written ) lasting for only a very short time 短促的；短暂的；片刻的 ◆ There was a momentary flicker of pain in his face.他的脸上闪过一丝痛苦的表情。 ◆ The accident was the result of a momentary lapse of concentration.那起事故是因为一时走神造成的。 ⓘ Momentary doubt, hesitation, pause, silence, confusion, unease, panic, lapse and aberration . * momentary尤用于形容疑惑或失败的时刻，搭配词有doubt、hesitation、pause、silence、confusion、unease、panic、lapse和aberration。 ■ passing [only before noun ] lasting for only a short time 短暂的；瞬间的 ◆ My son is very jealous at the moment, but I think it's just a passing phase.目前我儿子很爱吃醋，不过我认为这只是阶段性的，不会持久。 ◆ He makes only a passing reference to the theory in his book.他在书中对这个理论只是一笔带过。 ⓘ Passing phase, fashion, fad, craze, interest, mention and reference . * passing尤用于表示短时间、简略提及和短暂的兴趣，搭配词有phase、fashion、fad、craze、interest、mention和reference。 short 2 a short time/book/memory 短时间；一本篇幅短的书；记性差 short people/legs 个子矮的人；短腿 the short answer to your query 对你的询问的简略回答 short ♦︎ diminutive ♦︎ petite ♦︎ stubby ♦︎ stunted ♦︎ dumpy These words all describe sb who is not as tall as an average person or a part of the body that is smaller than usual. 这些词均表示个子矮的或身体某部位短的。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a short / diminutive / petite / dumpy woman ◆ a short / diminutive man ◆ a short / petite / dumpy girl ◆ a short / diminutive / petite / dumpy figure ■ short (of a person) small in height; (of a part of the body) not as long as normal （人）个子矮的；（身体某部位）短的 ◆ He was a short, fat little man.他是个又矮又胖的家伙。 ◆ I'm slightly shorter than you.我比你矮一点点。 ◆ The little boy ran as fast as his short legs could carry him.那小男孩虽然腿短，可还是拼尽全力快跑。 OPP tall ⇨ tall , long ⇨ length ■ diminutive dɪˈmɪnjətɪv (formal ) (especially of a person) very small （尤指人）极小的，特小的 ◆ She was a diminutive figure beside her husband.站在丈夫身边她就像个小矮人。 ■ petite pəˈtiːt (approving ) (of a girl, a woman, or her figure) small and thin in an attractive way （女性或其身材）娇小的 ◆ She was fair-haired and petite.她一头淡金色头发，身材娇小。 ◆ With her slim, petite figure, she could have been any age from 13 to 30.从她那苗条娇小的身材来看，她的年龄从13到30岁都有可能。 ■ stubby (often of a part of the body, for example sb's fingers) short and thick （常指身体某部位，如手指）短而粗的 ◆ He pointed with his stubby finger to the page.他用短粗的手指指着那页。 ■ stunted that has not been able to grow or develop as much as it should 发育不足的；生长不良的；未能充分发展的 ◆ Instead of grass, there was a strip of thin scrub and stunted trees.那里没有草地，取而代之的是一窄条稀疏的灌木丛和一些生长不良的树。 ◆ Lack of adequate nutrition often leads to stunted growth in children.缺乏营养常会导致儿童发育不足。 ■ dumpy (disapproving ) (especially of a person) short and fat （尤指人）矮胖的 ◆ That skirt makes you look dumpy.你穿那件裙子显得矮矮胖胖的。 short 3 a short time/book/memory 短时间；一本篇幅短的书；记性差 short people/legs 个子矮的人；短腿 the short answer to your query 对你的询问的简略回答 ➡ See also the entry for sharp 2 另见sharp条第2义 short ♦︎ brief ♦︎ concise ♦︎ abbreviated ♦︎ succinct ♦︎ economical ♦︎ pithy These words all describe sth that uses few words or letters, or fewer words than sth else. 这些词均表示简略的、缩写的、简洁的。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a short / a brief / a concise / an abbreviated / a succinct account ◆ a short / a brief / a concise / an abbreviated version ◆ a short / brief / concise / succinct summary / answer / statement ◆ a brief / pithy comment ◆ a concise / a succinct / an economical / a pithy style ◆ very short / brief / concise / succinct / economical◆ relatively short / brief / succinct■ short using few words; being a shorter form of a name or word 简短的；简略的；缩写的 ◆ The short answer to your query is that he has acted completely illegally.对于你的询问，简略回答就是他的行为完全违法。 ◆ Try to keep your sentences short.设法把你的句子写得简短些。 ◆ I've only read the shorter version of the report.我只读了报告的缩略版。 ◆ Call me Jo－it's short for Joanna.叫我乔好了－这是乔安娜的简称。 ◆ file transfer protocol or FTP for short 文件传输协议或简称FTP OPP long ⇨ long adj. shorten ⇨ shrink ■ brief using few words 简洁的；简短的 ◆ The author makes only a brief mention of the role of Japan in this period.作者提到日本在这一时期的角色时只是简略带过。 ◆ Please be brief (= say what you want to say quickly) .请简明扼要。 ◆ Now the rest of the news in brief .现在简要报道其他新闻。 ▸ briefly ◆ Briefly, the argument is as follows...简言之，论据如下⋯ NOTE 辨析 In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用 ◆ a short / brief account / version / description / summary / statement / answer简短的叙述／版本／描写／总结／声明／回答 Brief is often used when you are talking about speech rather than writing. * brief常用来形容言语而非文字 ◆ Please be short... However, although a mention is usually brief whether in speech or writing, an answer is more likely to be short , even if it is spoken. 然而，无论是口头提及还是文字写到，mention通常都用brief来形容。answer则更常用short来形容，即使指的是口头回答。 ■ concise kənˈsaɪs (formal ) giving only the information that is necessary and important, using few words 简明的；简练的；简洁的 ◆ She gave us clear and concise instructions.她给我们做了言简意赅的说明。 ⓘ Concise can also be used to describe a book that is shorter than the original book, on which it is based. In this meaning it is only used before a noun, not after a linking verb. * concise也可用来形容根据原著改写的缩略版。表达此义时它只用于名词前，不用于连系动词后 ◆ This is just a concise dictionary－you should get yourself something bigger.这只是一本缩略版词典，你应该买一本更大部头的。 to the point ⇨ relevant ▸ concisely ◆ He spoke clearly and concisely.他讲话言简意赅。 ■ abbreviated əˈbriːvieɪtɪd (of a word, phrase or name) shorter than usual because some letters have been left out, or only the first letters in each word are used （单词、短语或名称）缩略的，缩写的 ◆ On the map, abbreviated forms such as USA and UK are consistently used.地图上经常使用像USA、UK这样的缩写形式。 ▸ abbreviate [transitive ] ◆ Et cetera is usually abbreviated to etc.et cetera常缩写成etc.。 ■ succinct səkˈsɪŋkt (approving ) (of a comment or piece of writing) expressed clearly and using few words （评论或文章）简明的，言简意赅的 ◆ Keep your answers as succinct as possible.答案要尽可能简洁明了。 OPP long-winded ⓘ Speech or writing that is long-winded continues for too long and is boring and may be hard to understand. * long-winded指讲话或文章冗长枯燥，可能让人难以理解。 ▸ succinctly ◆ You put that very succintly.你说得十分简明扼要。 ■ economical (formal ) using no more words, space or energy than is necessary 节俭的；节约的；简洁的 ◆ He uses an economical prose style.他采用简练的散文体。 ◆ an economical use of land / space节约用地；节省空间 ▸ economically ◆ She writes elegantly and economically.她的文章典雅而简练。 NOTE 辨析 Concise and succinct are used more to talk about how facts are presented; economical is used more often to talk about sb's style of speaking or writing. Succinct suggests that you approve of the way sth is expressed because it is clear and wastes no words; concise is a more factual term, neither approving nor disapproving. * concise和succinct更多用来形容事实的呈现方式，economical更多用来形容某人说话或写作的风格。succinct含褒义，表示言简意赅，concise更注重客观叙述，是中性词。 ■ pithy ˈpɪθi (approving ) (of a comment or piece of writing) short but expressed well and full of meaning （评论或文章）言简意赅的，精炼的 ◆ a pithy advertising slogan一句精炼的广告口号
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Words used to describe height: elevated, high, high...
Words used to describe length: abbreviated, as long as your arm, attenuated...
Happening or done quickly, suddenly or immediately: suddenly, immediately, at once...
Using few words in speech or writing: quiet, silent, brief...
Short forms: aren't, can't, couldn't...
Small in size: small, little, tiny...
Not enough: inadequate, insufficient, scant...
Rare and sought-after: rare, precious, scarce...
Words used to describe memory and memories: a memory like a sieve, a trip/walk down memory lane, blurred...
Talking in an unfriendly way: curt, terse, brusque...
Terms in phonetics: affricate, alveolar, articulator...
Relating to or describing distance: long, little, away...
Types and amounts of alcoholic drinks: alcohol, alcopop, aperitif...
Films and types of film: animation, anime, biopic...
Electricity and electrical power: AC, active, alternating current...
Clothing sizes: L, large, medium...
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