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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2190 COCA: 2000

decline

Word family 
de·cline1 /dɪˈklaɪn/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun [singular, uncountableU]  
LESSa decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something 衰落，没落；减少，削减
decline in
 There has been a decline in the size of families.
家庭的规模已有缩小。
decline of
 the decline of manufacturing
制造业的衰落
rapid/sharp/steep/dramatic decline
 a rapid decline in unemployment
失业的迅速减少
steady/gradual/long-term decline
 The island’s population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual decline until only 40 people were left.
该岛人口原来有180人，后来逐渐减少到只剩下40人。
 the economic decline faced by many cities
许多城市面临的经济衰退
in decline/on the decline (=falling) 在下降
 the widely held belief that educational standards are in decline
教育水准在下降的普遍观点
fall/go etc into decline (=become less important, successful etc) 衰落
 The port fell into decline in the 1950s.
20世纪50年代，这个港口开始衰落了。
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2:
adjectives
sharp/steep (=by a large amount)
The higher prices caused a sharp decline in sales.
rapid (=fast)
We noticed a rapid decline in his health.
dramatic (=extremely fast, and by a large amount)
The last three years have seen a dramatic decline in the number of tigers in the area.
marked (=very noticeable)
Hunting led to a marked decline in bird numbers.
gradual
After 1870, there was a gradual decline of the disease.
steady/progressive (=gradual but continuous)
There has been a steady decline in club membership.
a long-term decline (=happening for a long time)
The long-term decline in the manufacturing industry is still continuing.
economic/industrial etc decline
This area has been severely affected by long-term industrial decline.
verbs
cause/lead to a decline
The use of agricultural chemicals has led to a decline in water quality.
go/fall into decline (=become less important, successful etc)
At the beginning of the century the cloth trade was going into decline.
suffer a decline
The firm suffered a sharp decline in its profits.
stop/halt a decline (=stop it from continuing)
These measures are intended to halt the decline in fish populations.
reverse a decline (=make something start to improve again)
The main aim is to reverse the decline of the world’s environment.
see a decline (=used to say that a decline happens at a particular time or in a particular place)
The 20th century saw a steady decline in the rural population.
Examples from the Corpus
decline• According to the police, however, there was a decline in the level of violence immediately following the signing of the accord.• A decline in coal demand would benefit either the nuclear or gas industries.• Their biggest decline under coach Barry Switzer has been in pass defense.• Its final decline was brought about by a change in the public attitude to death.• We can expect a further decline in job vacancies.• The underlying assumption is that gradual hormonal decline is bad because some physical functions decline at the same time.• The reaction against Gothic continued despite its decline.• The fur industry is already seeing a major decline in sales.• Firms with large debts may not have the financial strength to survive a prolonged sales decline or a recession.• Stock markets in Europe showed similar declines.• He said the decline is partly because retailers have lifted prices for mobile phones after cutting them earlier in 1995.
decline in• a decline in exports
Related topics: Linguistics
decline2 ●●○ W3 AWL verb  
1  decrease 减少 [intransitiveI]LESS to decrease in quantity or importance 减少，降低
 Spending on information technology has declined.
用于信息技术的支出减少了。
 Car sales have declined by a quarter.
汽车销量下滑了四分之一。
 After the war, the city declined in importance.
战后这座城市的重要性下降了。
► see thesaurus at decrease
2  say no 拒绝 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]REFUSE formal to say no politely when someone invites you somewhere, offers you something, or wants you to do something 拒绝，谢绝
 Offered the position of chairman, Smith declined, preferring to keep his current job.
对担任主席的邀约，史密斯拒绝了，他宁愿留在现在的职位上。
 Mary declined a hot drink and went to her room.
玛丽谢绝了热饮料，到自己的房间去了。
decline an offer/invitation etc
 Mary declined Jay’s invitation to dinner.
玛丽谢绝了杰伊请吃晚饭的邀请。
decline to do something
 The court declined to review her case.
法院拒绝复审她的案子。
 The minister declined to comment (=refused to speak to people who report the news) about the progress of the peace talks.
部长拒绝就和谈进程发表评论。
► see thesaurus at refuse
3  become worse 变糟 [intransitiveI]WORSE to become gradually worse in quality 〔质量〕逐渐变差 SYN deteriorate
 Her health has been declining progressively for several months.
几个月来她的健康状况不断恶化。
 Qualified staff are leaving and standards are declining.
称职的员工不断离去，质量水平持续下降。
4. somebody’s declining years formalOLD/NOT NEW the last years of someone’s life 某人的晚年[暮年]
5  grammar 语法
a) [intransitiveI]SL if a noun, pronoun, or adjective declines, its form changes according to whether it is the subject, object etc of a sentence 变格，词形变化〔名词、代词或形容词根据其在句中是作主语、宾语或是其他成分，形式发生相应变化〕
b) [transitiveT]SL if you decline a noun, pronoun, or adjective, you show the various forms that it can take 列出〔名词等的〕词形变化
—declining adjectiveadj
 declining attendance at baseball games
棒球赛观众人数的减少
Examples from the Corpus
decline• Computer sales declined 2.1 percent this year.• When asked to comment on details of the agreement, the President declined.• Defence equipment's share of sales, if not yet profit, is declining.• Ed asked me to run the new division for them, but I declined.• The bishop was invited to attend the opening ceremony, but he declined.• Riker, a radio preacher, saw his popularity decline after World War II.• Sir Alfred's interest was declining and Louis Stanley, his brother-in-law, was playing a bigger part.• Water quality is declining due to too many dams and pumps.• The pilot declined medical treatment after the accident.• In the early 1970s some of these movements began to decline or were suppressed, but others continued to flourish.• A State Department spokesman, also displaying a talent for diplomacy, declined to characterize the appointment as a promotion.• He declined to comment on the time frame for another discount rate cut.• I asked Mr Hughes if he was satisfied with the jury's verdict but he declined to comment.• The Prime Minister was asked for his opinion but declined to comment.• The brokerage declined to give a forecast for the full year through March.• A security officer at the factory, who declined to give his name, said he had seen two men leave the building.• The cultural and intellectual calibre of the clergy has since declined, while intolerance and aggressiveness are on the increase.• Mr Casey regrets that he will have to decline your kind invitation owing to a prior engagement.
decline an offer/invitation etc• He now regretted that he had declined an invitation from Cromwell to be his chaplain two years previously.• Neil Kinnock has again declined an invitation to brief the media's industry hacks at the Labour party conference.• Then Ayling's housekeeper came to ask how many people there would be for lunch and Rain declined an invitation to stay.
From Longman Business Dictionary
declinede·cline1 /dɪˈklaɪn/ verb [intransitiveI]
1COMMERCEif an industry or country declines, it becomes less profitable, productive, wealthy etc
This type of business is a declining sector of the UK.
2COMMERCEMARKETINGif sales, profits, production etc decline, they become less
Car sales have declined by a quarter.
As profitability declines, people have started to leave farming.
declinedecline2 noun [countableC, uncountableU]
1when sales, profits, production etc become less
Exports had collapsed, causing a sharp decline in national income.
The increase in profit came despite a decline in sales.
2when an industry or country becomes less profitable, productive, wealthy etc
The decline in the province’s manufacturing sector is worrying.
a false and damaging picture of a nation in decline
Origin decline2
(1300-1400) French décliner, from Latin declinare “to turn aside, inflect”
de·cline1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1decline2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2190 COCA: 2000
decline

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + DECLINE | DECLINE + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤catastrophic, considerable, dramatic, drastic, large, major, marked, massive, serious, severe, significant, substantial災難性衰退；大幅減少；急劇下降；大規模衰退；顯著下降；嚴重的滑坡；相當規模的下降；巨大的衰退➤precipitous, sharp, steep急劇下降➤rapid, sudden快速／突然下降▸➤gentle, modest, slight溫和下降；適度的下降；輕微下跌➤gradual, slow逐漸／緩慢下降▸➤continuing, progressive, steady, sustained持續的衰退；逐漸的下降；穩步的下降◇a steady decline in manufacturing製造業的持續衰退➤general, long-term, overall總體／長期／全面衰退▸➤absolute, inevitable, inexorable, irreversible, terminal絕對的衰退；不可避免的下跌；無法改變的衰敗；不可逆轉的衰退；無可挽回的衰敗◇an industry in terminal decline一蹶不振的工業➤economic, industrial, moral, political, urban經濟哀退；工業衰退；道德淪喪；政治衰退；城市衰落◇the moral decline of the nation這個民族的道德淪喪➤mental, physical智力／體力下降➤population, price人口減少；價格下降▸➤national民族衰落➤seasonal季節性下降➤age-related與年齡相關的下降VERB + DECLINE➤experience, fall into, go into, suffer經歷衰落；陷入衰落；開始衰敗；衰落◇The cloth trade went into gradual decline.布匹貿易逐漸衰落。➤cause, lead to引起衰退；導致衰退◇The increased price of gold led to the decline of his business.黃金價格上漲導致他的生意下滑。➤arrest, halt, stem, stop阻止衰退；止住下滑◇We must halt this decline in standards.我們一定要阻止水準的下滑。➤slow減緩下滑▸➤prevent預防下滑▸➤reverse扭轉下挫➤offset抵消下滑▸➤accelerate, hasten加速下滑▸➤see, witness見證下滑◇We have seen a sharp decline in educational standards over recent years.近年我們目睹了教育水平的急劇下滑。➤lament哀歎衰落◇They lament the decline of old-fashioned communities.他們哀歎老式社區的衰落。DECLINE + VERB➤occur衰退發生◇Most of the decline occurred in the 1990s.大多數衰退發生在 20 世紀 90 年代。➤begin衰退開始PREPOSITION➤in decline在下降◇The industry is still in decline.該產業仍在走下坡路。➤on the decline在衰退中◇His career has been on the decline for some years now.他事業下滑已經有些年頭了。➤decline in在⋯方面的下降◇a steep decline in sales銷售額的陡降➤decline of⋯的衰退◇the decline of small farming communities小農業社區的衰退PHRASES➤the decline and fall of sth⋯的衰退◇the decline and fall of a great civilization偉大文明的衰落
decline

verb¹

 1become smaller/weaker縮小；減弱ADVERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤considerably, dramatically, drastically, markedly, sharply, significantly, steeply, substantially大幅下降；驟降；急劇減少；明顯衰退◇The economy has declined sharply in recent years.近幾年經濟急劇下滑。➤somewhat有所下滑▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／略有減少▸➤fast, quickly, rapidly快速下降；迅速衰退◇The market for these products is declining fast.這些產品的市場正在迅速萎縮。➤steadily穩步下降▸➤gradually, slowly逐漸下降；緩慢下滑▸➤further進一步下降PREPOSITION➤by減少⋯◇Profits declined by 6% this year.今年利潤減少了 6%。➤from, to從⋯下降；下降到⋯◇The number of full-time staff has declined from 300 to just 50.全職員工的數量從 300 人下降到區區 50 人。PHRASES➤decline in importance, numbers, size, etc.重要性、數量、規模等下降◇This section of the market has slowly declined in importance.這部份市場的重要性已慢慢下降。
decline

verb²

 2refuse拒絕下降ADVERB➤politely, respectfully客氣地／禮貌地拒絕
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2190 COCA: 2000
decline noun
⇨ reductiondecline verb
⇨ fall 1 (The number of tourists has declined.) ⇨ refuse (decline an invitation) ⇨ worsen (sb's health declines)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2190 COCA: 2000
decline
To become less in size, amount or value: crater, decrease, decline...
To become worse: worsen, decline, deteriorate...
To say no: decline, nix, pass up...
To refuse permission, or to not allow something: forbid, decline, prohibit...
The grammatical behaviour of words: agreement, agree with, backshift...
Rates of decrease and the process of decreasing: decrease, reduction, decline...

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