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TOEFL BNC: 2696 COCA: 2665

burden

Word family 
bur·den1 /ˈbɜːdn $ ˈbɜːrdn/ ●○○ noun
1  [countableC]RESPONSIBLE something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for 重擔，負擔
His family responsibilities had started to become a burden.
家庭責任已開始成爲他的負擔。
burden of
The burden of taxation has risen considerably.
稅務負擔大大加重了。
burden on
I don’t like being a burden on other people.
我不想成爲别人的負擔。
bear/carry the burden
If things go wrong he will bear the burden of guilt.
如果有什麽差錯，他就會背上内疚的包袱。
the tax/financial/debt burden 稅務/財務/債務負擔
2. the burden of proof PROVE law the duty to prove that something is true 舉證責任
Examples from the Corpus
the burden of proof• This is similar to a negligence test, but in the statutory action the burden of proof is on the employer.• Is the potential for misidentification any less when the defence bear the burden of proof?• Is that because of the racial difference or the difference in the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases?• Gullibility is another name for misplacing the burden of proof.• Moreover both counsel would shortly before the summing-up have reminded the jury of the burden of proof.• There is the important question of the reversal of the burden of proof.• Here the prospect of building an ethic on spontaneity and awareness brings about an unexpected shift of the burden of proof.• People even disagree on whether the burden of proof here lies with the atheists or the believers.
3. CARRY[countableC] something that is carried 擔子；負荷 SYN load
→ beast of burden
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
bear/carry/shoulder the burden (=be responsible for something)
At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family.
place/put a burden on somebody
This situation places the main burden of family care on women.
share the burden
I was glad my brother was there to share the burden.
ease/reduce/lighten the burden
Smaller classes would ease the burden for teachers.
shift the burden (=change who carries it)
The tax shifts the burden towards the rich.
a burden falls on somebody
The tax burden falls most heavily upon the poorest people.
lift the burden from somebody's shoulders
If I deal with the all the practical problems, that will lift the burden from your shoulders.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + burden
a heavy/great burden
Caring for elderly relatives can be a heavy burden.
a financial burden
the financial burden of a large mortgage
a tax burden
These changes will ease the tax burden for small businesses.
a debt burden
He made a serious attempt ease the country's debt burden.
an intolerable burden (=very hard to bear)
Too many exams can place an intolerable burden on young people.
an unfair/undue burden
The new legislation put an unfair burden on employers.
phrases
the burden of responsibility
He felt unable to cope with the burden of responsibility.
the burden of taxation
The burden of taxation falls more heavily on the poor.
Examples from the Corpus
burden• Running the business on my own can be a burden at times.• I don't want to be a burden to my children when I'm old.• A burden on even the sunniest temperaments, never mind those suffering from inordinate melancholia.• It is women who have traditionally borne the daily burden of caring for ill parents, children, relatives and friends.• She has three children and heavy financial burdens at home.• Wives bore a greater burden in dealing with these daily difficulties than did their preoccupied husbands.• After his attentions she supposed he would propose marriage and relieve her of the odious burden of Rushworth.• We need to reduce the tax burden of middle-income Americans.• But they bore the burden anyway.• Carrying the burdens of leadership is never an easy task.• Non-domestic rates are also regressive but various measures have sought to ease the burden.• The minister has the burden of explaining why he must raise taxes.• She added, by way of conversation, that she must wait patiently to be relieved of the burden of living.• Coupled with the financial implications if carers decided they could no longer shoulder this burden the case for supporting respite care becomes overwhelming.
burden2 verb
1  be burdened with/by something PROBLEMto have a lot of problems because of a particular thing 被某事所困擾；承受某事的負擔
a company burdened with debt
債務纏身的公司
→ unburden
Examples from the Corpus
be burdened with/by something• The colliery is struggling to fulfil its contracts and is burdened by £1.7 million in debts.• Malthus was burdened by a fatalism induced by fears of population growth and resource shortages.• In the county gaols of Gloucester and Dorchester it was only debtors who were burdened with fees.• Apple is burdened with higher development costs than its competition; yet it has had to cut prices to compete.• Poor Griet is burdened by more than having to scrub the Vermeer family smalls in this fictional biography of a painting.• Alas! the centuries are fraught with pain, and man is burdened by fear and woe.• Surgeons should not be burdened with the responsibility of assessing their own degree of risk.• James Madison, who was burdened with the War of 1812, was branded as both a warmonger and a coward.
2. be burdened with something CARRYto be carrying something heavy 負載着某物，背負着某物
Examples from the Corpus
be burdened with something• The man, burdened with grocery bags, had trouble walking up the steps.• The 20-year-old was burdened with a far heavier load during those pre- dawn hours.• In the county gaols of Gloucester and Dorchester it was only debtors who were burdened with fees.• After all, few are burdened with having to complete annual income tax returns.• Apple is burdened with higher development costs than its competition; yet it has had to cut prices to compete.• People will then not have to be burdened with the labels of friction and division.• Surgeons should not be burdened with the responsibility of assessing their own degree of risk.• James Madison, who was burdened with the War of 1812, was branded as both a warmonger and a coward.• Older manufacturing companies are burdened with tremendous health care costs for retired employees.
Examples from the Corpus
burden• I did not burden him, though he seemed to feel burdened.• Richard was riding towards her and he seemed weighted down as well, as if his armour burdened him.• Heavy public spending burdened its economy.• An excellent means of putting money in the pockets of the poor without burdening taxpayers.• The past does not burden the present - but you learn by it, and do not repeat your mistakes.• Clinton was initially burdened with a do-nothing fund-raiser, but quickly replaced him with a young whiz named Rahm Emanuel.• Reva Bergen trudged up the steep walk, burdened with grocery sacks.• I hate to burden you with this.
From Longman Business Dictionary
burdenbur·den /ˈbɜːdnˈbɜːrdn/ noun [countableC]
1something that causes people a lot of difficulty or worry
In less prosperous areas the taxes were, for many, such a burden that they lived in poverty.
2particular costs such as taxes or interest payments seen as a problem, especially when they are high
the burden of local rates that each company located in the area must pay
New regulations can put a heavy cost burden on small businesses.
The rise in the US tax burden (=the amount of tax that people and companies have to pay) has not been due to military spending, but to welfare.
They want a $10,000 limit on deductions for state and local income taxes as a way to increase the tax burden on the rich.
→ debt burden
3LAW a duty that someone has legally or officially promised to do
The holder of the bill of lading would assume the burden (=take the responsibility) of becoming subject to contractual liabilities.
Origin burden1
Old English byrthen

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