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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1369 COCA: 1402

background

Word family 
Related topics: Sociology, Visual, Colours & sounds
ldoce_014_dback·ground /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  [countableC]SS someone’s family, education, previous work etc 出身，个人背景
 Students with a background in chemistry will probably find the course easier.
学过化学的学生可能会觉得这门课程容易些。
 It’s important to understand other people, people from different backgrounds.
要理解别人，理解那些来自不同背景的人，这是很重要的。
 Do you know anything about his background?
关于他的背景，你知道什么吗？
→5  See picture of foreground 前景, background 背景
2  [countableC, uncountableU]PAST the situation or past events that explain why something happens in the way that it does 〔事情的〕背景情况
background to
 Without knowing the background to the case, I couldn’t possibly comment.
这案件我不了解背景情况，所以无法评论。
against a background of something
 The peace talks are being held against a background of increasing violence.
这次和平谈判正在暴力冲突愈演愈烈的背景下进行。
background information/details/data etc
 The author included a new chapter of background material for the second edition of the book.
作者为本书第二版新加了一章背景材料。
3  [countableC usually singular]BEHIND the area that is behind the main thing that you are looking at, especially in a picture 〔尤指图片上主要事物的〕背景，后景
 The background looks out of focus.
背景看上去是模糊的。
in the background
 In the background, you can see my college friends.
在背景中可以看到我的几个大学朋友。
4  [countableC]AVC the pattern or colour on top of which something has been drawn, printed etc 〔图画、文字等的〕底子，底色
 red lettering on a white background
白底红字
5  in the background SEEsomeone who keeps or stays in the background tries not to be noticed 在不显著的位置，在幕后
 The president’s advisors are content to remain in the background.
总统的顾问甘居幕后。
Examples from the Corpus
in the background• Again, a palm across the mouthpiece and the drone of conversation in the background.• Some piano music tinkles gently in the background, a black Armani shirt clings softly to his chest.• This is an ideal species to be grown in the background of the tank and will give it a very natural look.• Tutilo hovered in the background, keeping himself modestly apart while his betters conferred.• Looming in the background are always the twin prospects of sudden incalculable wealth and instant agonizing death.• Lurking in the background, too, are the constant takeover rumors about the bank, the largest in Florida.• Fred Bradley stayed very much in the background and his soft, kind eyes helped to put her at ease.• She saw Lee hoist the baby on his shoulder, with people passing in the background.
6  [countableC, uncountableU]C the sounds that you can hear apart from the main thing that you are listening to 背景的声音；杂音
in the background
 In the background, I could hear the sound of traffic.
我听到背景中有车辆来往的声音。
 All of the background noise made it difficult to have a phone conversation.
背景杂音很大，电话交谈很困难。
 COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
family background 家庭背景，家庭出身
Many kids lack a stable family background.
许多小孩子缺乏稳定的家庭背景。
social background 社会背景
Universities aim to attract students from varied social backgrounds.
大学都力求吸引来自各种各样社会背景的学生。
cultural background 文化背景
Some of his attitudes were due to his cultural background.
他的某些态度源自他的文化背景。
ethnic background 种族背景
We do not discriminate against people because of their ethnic background or gender.
我们不会因为人们的种族背景或性别而对他们产生歧视。
nclass background
Class background is an important factor in the level of schooling achieved.
socio-economic background 社会经济背景
Smokers often come from poorer socio-economic backgrounds.
烟民往往来自比较贫困的社会经济背景。
educational/academic background 教育背景/学历
The interviewer will ask you about your educational background and work experience.
面试主持人会问你的教育背景和工作经验。
nPostgraduate students come from a wide range of academic backgrounds.
nprofessional background
Managers can come from a wide range of professional backgrounds.
a working-class/middle-class background 工人阶级/中产阶级背景
nI came from a very poor working-class background.
a deprived/disadvantaged background 贫困的家庭背景
nThe school has a high percentage of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds.
na poor background
His poor background prevented him from going to medical college.
a privileged/wealthy background 特权阶层的/富裕的家庭背景
nAll the top jobs were taken by people from privileged backgrounds.
verbs
have a background (in something) 具有（某方面的）背景
We are looking for someone who has a background in science.
我们在找一个理科背景的人选。
come from a background 来自某种背景
Mark and I came from very similar backgrounds.
马克和我的背景非常相似。
nphrases
a range of backgrounds
People from a wide range of backgrounds go to watch football.
Examples from the Corpus
background• The elections are taking place against a background of widespread unemployment.• Steve has a background in computer engineering.• McWilliams said a background check would have revealed little because the man had no criminal record.• She would have preferred a woman of her own age and background.• Most of his friends were from similar middle-class backgrounds.• The organization helps children from working-class backgrounds to go to university.• Gary always tried to hide his working class background.• Passing sentence, Lord Sutherland said he took into account Hynd's domestic background.• In our class we have children of all different religious and ethnic backgrounds.• The school takes kids from all sorts of backgrounds.• The grating broadcasts sometimes switched to tapes of radio call-in shows and other background sounds of an electronic civilization.• And using Cousin Franklin as a premier background source, Joe was able to add considerably to his wealth and fame.• All of the men have different religious backgrounds.• It took five years for the author to research background information for her new book• The flag's five orange stripes stand out against a silver background.• Sylvie had always expected that she would marry someone of a similar background to herself.• We come from the same town and share a similar background.• O'Connor had had sentence deferred for psychiatric and social background reports last month.• It was a photo of everyone in my class, with the school building in the background.• A small building in the background of the original picture was a church built in 1882, McLelland said.• How quickly kids learn to read will often depend on both their ability and their backgrounds.• The invitations had red lettering on a white background.• If she was stuck with wanting a man whose background and conditioning were alien to her, then that was her problem.
from different backgrounds• They come from different backgrounds and from a wide area.• Lesbian Women with Disabilities and Health - A 10 week course for lesbian women with disabilities from different backgrounds and situations.• The found the opportunity to learn from fellow managers from different backgrounds invaluable, particularly those from outside financial services.• We love matching people from different backgrounds who don't know each other.• You know I've always believed that people from different backgrounds shouldn't mix, it's not fair on the children.• Making it work with people from different backgrounds and different cultures can be exciting and life-enhancing.• A regular fortnightly meeting of practitioners from different backgrounds, with a shared task, helped to develop trust over time.• Six different nationalities were represented, ages were from 24 to 35 and all were from different backgrounds.
against a background of something• The grassed oval arena, with its high embankment against a background of slender trees, should be visited.• It stood upright, balancing on its head against a background of indigo blue.• Art is judged against a background of an aesthetic theory: preferences are entirely subjective.• Conversation was carried on against a background of ear-splitting barking.• These developments took place against a background of growing activism on the abortion issue in the country at large.• I remember it as I saw it one evening, lit by the setting sun against a background of threatening clouds.• Punitive methods persistently used against a background of rejecting, hostile parental attitudes lead, in the long term, to trouble.• The dark shape was still visible against a background of dimly lit beams.
in the background• Again, a palm across the mouthpiece and the drone of conversation in the background.• Some piano music tinkles gently in the background, a black Armani shirt clings softly to his chest.• This is an ideal species to be grown in the background of the tank and will give it a very natural look.• Tutilo hovered in the background, keeping himself modestly apart while his betters conferred.• Looming in the background are always the twin prospects of sudden incalculable wealth and instant agonizing death.• Lurking in the background, too, are the constant takeover rumors about the bank, the largest in Florida.• Fred Bradley stayed very much in the background and his soft, kind eyes helped to put her at ease.• A television was on in the background.• She saw Lee hoist the baby on his shoulder, with people passing in the background.• In the photograph, a statue of St. Andrew stood in the background.• Whitfield's mother stood in the background as he talked to reporters.• Palm trees swayed in the background.• While I was on the phone with Julie, I could hear the sound of a television in the background.
in the background• Again, a palm across the mouthpiece and the drone of conversation in the background.• Some piano music tinkles gently in the background, a black Armani shirt clings softly to his chest.• This is an ideal species to be grown in the background of the tank and will give it a very natural look.• Tutilo hovered in the background, keeping himself modestly apart while his betters conferred.• Looming in the background are always the twin prospects of sudden incalculable wealth and instant agonizing death.• Lurking in the background, too, are the constant takeover rumors about the bank, the largest in Florida.• Fred Bradley stayed very much in the background and his soft, kind eyes helped to put her at ease.• She saw Lee hoist the baby on his shoulder, with people passing in the background.
From Longman Business Dictionary
backgroundback·ground /ˈbækgraʊnd/ noun [countableC]
1HUMAN RESOURCES someone’s past, for example their education, qualifications, and the jobs they have had
We are looking for someone with a background in tourism.
2in the backgroundCOMPUTING a computer program working in the background continues to function and do calculations while the user is working with another program
back·ground noun →COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1369 COCA: 1402
background

noun¹

 1type of family, social class, etc. sb comes from出身ADJECTIVE | VERB + BACKGROUND | BACKGROUND + VERB | BACKGROUND + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤family家庭背景◇Can you tell me something about your family background?你能跟我說說你的家庭背景嗎？➤broad豐富的背景◇It is important to have a broad educational background.有豐富的教育背景很重要。➤different, diverse, mixed, varied, various不同的／多樣的／混雜的／各異的／各種各樣的背景◇We work with clients from diverse backgrounds.我們與背景複雜多樣的客戶打交道。➤similar相似的背景◇I think we get on well because we're from similar backgrounds.我想我們相處融洽是因為我們生活背景相似。➤privileged, wealthy有特權的／富有的背景▸➤deprived, disadvantaged, poor (especially BrE) 貧困的家境；下層社會的出身▸➤middle-class, upper-class, working-class中產階級／上層階級／工人階級背景➤solid, stable, strong堅實的／穩固的／強有力的背景◇She has a good solid background in management.她在管理方面具有堅實的背景。➤criminal犯罪背景◇She wanted to know about his criminal background.她想瞭解他的犯罪背景。➤engineering, military, musical, professional, scientific, technical工程／軍人／音樂／職業／科學／技術背景◇Children from a military background often move around a lot.出身軍人家庭的孩子會常常搬家。◇Even people with a technical background will struggle to understand some of the jargon.有些術語即便是有專業技術背景的人也要費很大勁兒才能理解。➤Christian, Jewish, Muslim, etc.基督教、猶太教、伊斯蘭教等背景▸➤class, cultural, ethnic, genetic, linguistic, racial, religious, social, socio-economic階級／文化／民族／遺傳學／語言學／種族／宗教／社會／社會經濟背景➤academic, educational學歷；教育背景◇Her academic background includes a degree in education.她的學歷中有一個教育學的學位。VERB + BACKGROUND➤come from, have出身於⋯家庭；有⋯背景◇He came from a very privileged background.他出身於特權家庭。➤be drawn from來自⋯背景◇The students are drawn from very mixed social backgrounds.這些學生來自多種不同的社會背景。BACKGROUND + VERB➤be in sth有⋯方面的背景◇Her background was in biology and medicine.她有生物學和醫學背景。BACKGROUND + NOUN➤check背景審查◇In the future, we will require background checks on airport employees.今後，我們會要求對機場職員進行背景審查。PREPOSITION➤from a background來自⋯背景◇children from deprived backgrounds來自貧困家庭的孩子➤with a background有⋯背景◇an economist with a background in business有從商經歷的經濟學家➤background in在⋯方面的背景PHRASES➤a range of backgrounds, a variety of backgrounds廣泛的／多樣化的背景
background

noun²

 2facts connected with a situation/an event現實環境ADJECTIVE | VERB + BACKGROUND | BACKGROUND + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤general大致的情況▸➤factual實際情況▸➤cultural, economic, historical, political文化／經濟／歷史／政治背景VERB + BACKGROUND➤describe, explain, give (sb), outline, provide (sb with)描述背景；解釋背景；（給某人）提供背景；概述背景◇The book provides the background to the revolution.這本書提供了這次革命的背景。➤form形成背景◇Those discussions formed the background to the decision.在那些討論的基礎上形成了這一決議。BACKGROUND + NOUN➤briefing, info (informal) , information, knowledge, reading背景簡介；背景信息；背景知識；背景閱讀材料◇background information on the country關於這個國家的背景資料PREPOSITION➤against the background以⋯為背景◇Against that general background, let me give you a more detailed view of current practice.這是整體的背景，下面讓我向你更詳細地介紹一下當前的做法。➤background to⋯的背景◇the technical background to the report該報告的技術背景➤background of⋯的背景◇the historical background of the project項目的歷史背景
background

noun³

 3part of a view/picture behind the main parts背後景物ADJECTIVE | VERB + BACKGROUND | BACKGROUND + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤black, blue, grey/gray, etc.黑色、藍色、灰色等背景➤dark暗色的背景➤neutral中性色背景VERB + BACKGROUND➤blend in with, match與背景融合／相配◇The wolves' coats turn white to match their snowy background.狼的皮毛變成白色，與白雪皚皚的環境融為一體。BACKGROUND + NOUN➤colour/color背景色◇Most paintings look good against a neutral background colour / color.大多數畫作在中性背景色下看起來較好。PREPOSITION➤against a/the background在⋯的背景下◇The areas of water stood out against the dark background.在黑暗背景下映襯出片片水域。➤in the background在背景中◇The mountains in the background were capped with snow.背景中的群山山頂覆蓋着白雪。➤on a/the background在⋯的背景上◇bright blue on a red background紅底襯托着亮藍
background

noun⁴

 4position in which sb/sth is not important/noticed不顯眼的位置VERB + BACKGROUND | BACKGROUND + NOUN | PREPOSITION VERB + BACKGROUND➤blend into, fade into, melt into, recede into, retreat into, slip into融入背景；淡入背景；退隱幕後◇The dispute over the new contract allowed her other problems to fade into the background.關於新合同的爭議使得她的其他問題都退居其次。◇He had learned how to melt invisibly into the background.他已學會如何不惹人注意地退居幕後。BACKGROUND + NOUN➤music, noise, radiation背景音樂；本底噪聲；本底輻射➤vocals背景聲樂部份◇Who did the background vocals on that track?那首歌的伴唱是誰唱的？➤distortion, hiss背景失真／噝噝聲◇The signal was very clear, with no background hiss or distortion.信號非常清楚，背景中沒有出現噝噝聲或失真現象。PREPOSITION➤in the background隱約地；在背景聲中◇There was a radio on in the background.隱約能聽到收音機的聲音。◇I could see my secretary hovering in the background.我看得見我的秘書在不被人注意的地方踱來踱去。◇He prefers to remain in the background and let his assistant deal with the press.他寧願留在幕後而讓助手去應付媒體。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1369 COCA: 1402
background noun
⇨ background (sb's family background) ⇨ context (the historical background) ⇨ environment (the mountains in the background) background

noun

  ➡ See also the entry for family 3 另见family条第3义background ♦︎ record ♦︎ past ♦︎ history ♦︎ upbringing ♦︎ track record ♦︎ life historyThese are all words for the things that sb has done or the things that have happened to sb before now. 这些词均表示曾经做过或经历过的事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb has a background / record / history / track record of sth◆sb has a background / record / track record in sth◆a / an proven / impressive / excellent / poor record / track record◆a religious / working class / middle class background / upbringing◆a colourful / chequered history / past◆sb's criminal background / record / past / history◆sb's medical record / history◆your background / upbringing prepares you for / gives you sth■ background [countable] the details of a person's life before now, especially concerning their family, education and experience 出身背景；学历；经历◆sb's family / social / cultural / educational / class background某人的家庭／社会／文化／教育／阶级背景◆The classes are designed for students with a background in history or theology.这些课程是为有历史或神学知识的学生设计的。◆The job would suit someone with a business background.这项工作适合有商务经验的人。◆We are from very different backgrounds but we get on very well.我们的出身很不一样，但相处融洽。ⓘ You can also talk about the background to an event or situation. * background也可表示事件或事态的背景。   see also background ⇨ context ■ record [singular] the facts that are known about sb/sth's past behaviour, character or achievements （有关过去的）事实；记录；功过◆The report criticizes the government's record on housing.报告批评政府在住房问题上的所作所为。◆The airline has a good safety record.这家航空公司的安全情况一向很好。◆He has an impressive record of achievement.他所取得的各项成就令人赞叹。■ past [countable, usually singular] a person's life or career before now （某人）过去的经历（或事业）◆We don't know anything about his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。◆She didn't tell them about her boyfriend's criminal past.她没跟他们提起男友犯过罪。ⓘ Past can also be used to talk about an aspect of a place before now. * past也可表示某个地方昔日的一个侧面◆The country still suffers as a result of its colonial past.该国昔日曾为殖民地，至今仍深受其害。 ■ history [singular] a record of sth happening frequently in the past of a person, family or place; the set of facts that are known about sb's past （某人的）经历；家族史；（某地的）沿革◆He has a history of violent crime.他有暴力犯罪的前科。◆There is a history of heart disease in my family.我家有家族心脏病史。◆The area has a history of subsidence problems.该地区的地面沉降是个老问题。■ upbringing ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ [singular, uncountable] the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growing up 抚育；养育；培养◆She had had a very sheltered upbringing.她在备受呵护中长大。◆He was a Catholic by upbringing.他受家庭熏陶，从小就是个天主教徒。■ ˈtrack record [singular] all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or organization （个人或组织的）业绩记录◆As a company we have a proven track record in catering.我们公司有令人信赖的宴席承办业绩记录。◆Britain has a poor track record in foreign language teaching.英国外语教学的成绩乏善可陈。■ ˌlife ˈhistory [countable] all the events that happen in the life of a person, animal or plant 生平；（生物的）生活史◆He sat at the bar and told me his whole life history.他坐在吧台旁，对我谈起自己一生的经历。◆The aim of the project is to study the life histories of insects.该项目旨在研究昆虫的生活史。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1369 COCA: 1402

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