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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratch

Word family 
Related topics: Colours & sounds, Sport
scratch1 /skrætʃ/ ●●● S3 verb  
1  rub your skin 挠皮肤 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]RUB to rub your skin with your nails because it feels uncomfortable 〔用指甲〕挠，搔，轻抓 → itch
 John yawned and scratched his leg.
约翰打了个呵欠，挠了挠腿。
 Try not to scratch.
尽量别挠。
scratch at
 He was scratching at the bites on his arm.
他挠着手臂上被叮咬的地方。
► see thesaurus at touch
2  cut SB’s skin 割破某人的皮肤 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]CUT to cut someone’s skin slightly with your nails or with something sharp 〔用指甲〕抓破，抓伤；〔用利器〕划破
 She ran at him and scratched his face.
她冲过去抓他的脸。
 Don’t scratch yourself on the thorns.
别让刺扎着自己。
3  make a mark 划出痕迹 [transitiveT]CUT to make a small cut or mark on something by pulling something sharp across it 划出，刮出〔痕迹〕
 I’m afraid I’ve scratched your car.
不好意思，我把你的汽车给刮坏了。
 Some of the prisoners had scratched their names on the walls.
有些囚犯在墙上刻下自己的姓名。
4  animals 动物 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]C if an animal scratches, it rubs its feet against something, often making a noise 〔用爪子〕抓，刨
 A few chickens scratched around in the yard.
几只小鸡在院子里抓抓刨刨。
scratch at
 a dog scratching at the door to be let in
挠门想进屋的一条狗
5  remove STH 除去某物 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]REMOVE to remove something from a surface by rubbing it with something sharp 刮掉，划掉
scratch something off/away etc
 I scratched away a little of the paint with my fingernail.
我用指甲刮掉一点油漆。
6  remove writing 划去文字 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to remove a word from a piece of writing by drawing a line through it 勾掉，划去〔写下的字〕 SYN cross out
scratch something from/off something
 I have scratched his name from the list.
我把他的名字从名单上划掉了。
7  make a noise 发出声音 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to make a rough sound by moving something sharp across a surface 〔用尖利物〕刮擦出声音
 His pen scratched away on the paper.
他用钢笔在纸上沙沙地写着。
8  scratch the surface PARTto deal with only a very small part of a subject or problem 仅触及问题的表面
scratch the surface of
 I think we have only scratched the surface of this problem.
我认为我们仅仅触及了这个问题的表面。
Examples from the Corpus
scratch the surface• A lot of titles for this year you may think, but I've only scratched the surface.• The above four cases only scratch the surface.• Mr Burrows added cultivator tines to scratch the surface and provide an adequate tilth for the rapeseed.• The end of the upper branches scratched the surface like phonograph needles.• But Mr Smith has merely scratched the surface of Labour's election promises.• But after a summer in Trinidad, he realized he had only scratched the surface of the eclectic and complex belief system.• So far, we have only scratched the surface of the information available on this topic.• All too soon it was over and we left feeling we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating Republic.• So far, research into psychoneuroimmunology has done no more than scratch the surface of this potentially important topic.
9  scratch your head informalTHINK ABOUT to think carefully about a difficult question or problem 动脑筋，〔对难题〕苦思冥想
 This crisis has politicians scratching their heads and wondering what to do.
这场危机让政治家们抓破了脑袋，不知怎么办才好。
Examples from the Corpus
scratch your head• The last question really left us scratching our heads.• There's nothing more guiltily satisfying than watching the experts scratch their heads.• Where possible he would seize scraps of parchment and draw lines, muttering to himself and scratching his head.• He scratched his head, a sure sign of thought.• Budget directors are scratching their heads about how to deal with the shortfall.• One, and he scratched his head about this, appeared to be a sparrow.• When I scratched his head, he would not hold still as long as before.• You scratch your heads in selection, and can't find a proper balance with less than 12.• They studied the map for a while, scratched their heads, turned it upside down and studied it some more.
10. stop STH happening 阻止某事发生 [transitiveT] informalSTOP DOING something if you scratch an idea or a plan, you decide that you will not do it 取消，撤销〔想法或计划〕 SYN abandon
11. remove from race 退出比赛 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] informalDS if someone scratches from a race, or if you scratch them from the race, they do not take part in it （使）退出比赛
12. you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yoursI’ll scratch yours you scratch my back spokenHELP used to say that you will help someone if they agree to help you 你帮我，我也帮你
13 scratch around (also scratch about British English) phrasal verbphr v to try to find or get something which is difficult to find or get 〔困难地〕搜寻，查找，寻找
for
 homeless people scratching around for a place to shelter
四处找寻容身之所的无家可归者
14 REMOVE WRITING 划去文字scratch something ↔ out phrasal verbphr v WRITEREMOVEto remove a word from a piece of writing by drawing a line through it 划掉，删掉〔文字〕 SYN cross out
 Emma’s name had been scratched out.
埃玛的名字被划掉了。
Examples from the Corpus
scratch out• For a paper of pins I'd scratch thy eyes out!• Bay rum, he wrote, then scratched it out with a chuckle.
→ scrape/scratch a living at living2(1)
Examples from the Corpus
scratch• She found her friend, Felicia Moon, bruised and scratched after a fight with her husband.• Maura rubbed her face against his cheek and felt his stubble scratching against her smooth skin.• One of these involves using the hind leg to scratch an area of skin to which an irritant has been applied.• The dog kept scratching at the door to be let in.• He sat scratching his head, trying to think of the answer.• He sat thinking, scratching his head.• The cat will scratch if you make her mad.• There's a spot in the middle of my back that itches - can you scratch it for me?• Don't scratch - it will only make the itching worse.• The cat scratched me while I was playing with her.• I scratch my face to feel a bloodless mound.• I scratched my hand on a rusty nail.• For a couple of years he scratched out a living, feeling sorry for himself and dissipating his savings.• The medicine relieves the itching, so the child doesn't scratch so much.• Well, I guess we can scratch that idea.• She scratched the knife along the zipper of my jeans and threw the blade again.• Don't scratch - the rash will get infected.• I scratched the side of the car as I was backing it into the driveway.• Don't use that cleaner - it'll scratch the sink.• Be careful not to scratch the table with those scissors.• I had several mosquito bites, and it was difficult not to scratch them.• They scratched themselves, and worse.
Related topics: Illness & disability, Colours & sounds
scratch2 ●●○ noun  
1  cut 划伤 [countableC] a small cut on someone’s skin 〔某人皮肤上的〕划痕，划伤
2  mark 划痕 [countableC]MIMARK a thin mark or cut on the surface of something 刮痕，划痕
3  from scratch START DOING somethingif you start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before 从零开始，从头开始；白手起家
Examples from the Corpus
from scratch• Doug baked the cake from scratch.• The company was started from scratch in 1995, but its annual sales are already over $20 million.
4  up to scratch British EnglishBrE informalGOOD ENOUGH# good enough for a particular standard 够得上标准，达到应有的水平
Examples from the Corpus
up to scratch• A growing number of workers are put on short-term contracts which are renewed only if their work is up to scratch.• So do feel free to change anything that strikes you as not up to scratch.• The couple told stunned housing officials that the three-bedroom flat simply was not up to scratch for their needs.• His grammar and accent were not up to scratch, and he kept running to the airport.• That today's pop culture isn't up to scratch?
5  HBHrub 揉搓 [singular] especially British EnglishBrE when you rub part of your body with your nails because it feels uncomfortable 抓，挠
6  sound 声音 [countableC]C a sound made by something sharp or rough being rubbed on a hard surface 刮擦声
Examples from the Corpus
scratch• It's just a scratch - nothing serious.• a scratch on the car door• Small imperfections such as cuts and scratches can be sanded out with fine sandpaper.• Stories can be begun from scratch or spun off samples.• That was the same idea Albiez had in 1990 when he decided to make an electric car from scratch.• So, in one sense I was not starting entirely from scratch.• That was kind of from scratch.• The last of his scratch marks have faded now but his memories never will.• His face was covered in scratches.• The former captain of Staffordshire, who played off scratch for many years, beat his age by two shots.• He looked with concern at the scratches on Lucy's face, then poured tea which he insisted she drank at once.
only a scratch• The above four cases only scratch the surface.• But after a summer in Trinidad, he realized he had only scratched the surface of the eclectic and complex belief system.• So far palaeontologists have only scratched the surface of a formation that Rauhut estimates covers at least several hundred square kilometres.• The Government's proposal is welcome, but it only scratches the surface of the problem.• Surface only scratched and the guide has proved its worth already.• But without proper government action, they only scratch at the problem.• A lot of titles for this year you may think, but I've only scratched the surface.
had a scratch• Nurse found the worst patches around his ears where he had scratched the scalp sore.• This cat had no whiskers + he had scratch on his nose.• Some one had scratched the eyes out of an otter on the litter campaign poster.
Related topics: Sport
scratch3 adjectiveadj [no comparative]  
1. DSa scratch team or group of people has been put together in a hurry, using anyone that is available 〔团队等〕仓促拼凑的，匆匆组成的
2. DSa scratch player in golf is very good and is not given any advantage in games 〔高尔夫球员〕无让杆的，无让步优 待的
Examples from the Corpus
scratch• The kitchen has a beautiful wooden floor, but it's badly scratched.
Origin scratch1
(1300-1400) Probably from scrat “to scratch” ((13-19 centuries)) + cratch “to scratch” ((13-16 centuries))
scratch1 verbscratch2 nounscratch3 adjectiveadj
Chinese
Corpus

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