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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 262 COCA: 427

effect

Word family 
ef·fect1 /ɪˈfekt/ ●●● S1 W1 noun  
1  change/result 改变/结果 [countableC, uncountableU]RESULT a change that is caused by an event, action etc 效应；影响；结果
effect on
 My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me.
父母离婚给我带来了很大的影响。
effect of
 the harmful effects of modern farming practices
现代农耕方式的不良后果
 the long-term effects of the drug
这种毒品的长期影响
 I could feel the effects of the thin mountain air.
我能感觉到山上稀薄空气产生的影响。
 This ingredient also has the effect of making your skin look younger.
这种成分还有使皮肤看上去更年轻的效果。
 A system failure has a knock-on effect throughout the whole hotel.
系统故障会给整个酒店带来连锁反应。
 the cumulative effect of human activities on the global environment
人类活动对全球环境日积月累的影响
 A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce the desired effect.
大量减少该止痛药的服用剂量依然能产生预期的效果。
 In mental illness, there is a complex relationship between cause and effect.
精神疾病有复杂的因果关系。
→ greenhouse effect, side effect
Do not confuse with the verb affect (=to have an effect on something).
不要与动词 affect (影响)混淆。
2  put/bring something into effect EFFECT/INFLUENCEto make a plan or idea happen 实施计划；落实想法
 It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.
落实这些变革不会是件容易的事。
Examples from the Corpus
put/bring something into effect• It had developed contingency plans before the incident and put them into effect when water in the mine began to overflow.• The possibility of judicial review is constantly in the mind of Ministers and officials when preparing legislation and putting it into effect.• One of them should be chosen and be put rapidly into effect.• We need to raise at least £50,000 to put our plans into effect.• He was the first football manager to appreciate the importance of such harmony and to put it into effect.• The Hague conference is the last chance to determine how to put the accord into effect.• The council will need more money to put the regulations into effect.• So far, 24 of the 35 nations needed to put the treaty into effect have ratified it.• To put these contentions into effect the applicant made two applications in the district court to which the cases had been transferred.
3  take effect to start to produce results 开始起作用；开始产生效果
 The morphine was starting to take effect and the pain eased.
吗啡开始起作用，疼痛减轻了。
Examples from the Corpus
take effect• Smith's appointment as deputy inspector general never took effect.• By the time the order took effect, however, the issue had already become moot.• It will be a while before the government's new economic policy takes effect.• The new rules take effect January 1.• The dentist gave me an injection that took effect almost immediately, and I didn't feel a thing.• The changes were expected to take effect following a referendum scheduled for Sept. 15.• It will be a few minutes before the drugs start to take effect.• As he spoke, his language grew rougher and rougher, as if a Jekyll and Hyde transformation were taking effect.• After that it will take effect and will remain on your file for six years.• The controversial bike-helmet law will take effect January 1.• She said she had been told by government officials the reform will take effect on April 1.• As you type, word wrap will take effect at character position 39, the right margin of the first column.• The Constitution would take effect from Feb. 12,1992.
4  law/rule 法律/规则
a) take effect/come into effect if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts 生效/开始实施
b) be in effect if a law, rule, or system is in effect, it is being used now 在实施中，有效
5  with immediate effect/with effect from START TO HAPPEN, EXIST ETC formal starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date 立即生效/自…开始实行
 Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.
霍斯金斯被任命为经理，此任命立即生效。
6  in effect IN FACTused when you are describing what you see as the real facts of a situation 实际上，事实上 SYN effectively
 In effect, we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
实际上，我们挣钱会比去年少。
Examples from the Corpus
in effect• In effect we're earning less than last year because of inflation.
7  to good/great/no etc effect EFFECTIVEused to show how successful an action is 效果良好/富有成效/毫无效果等
 We tried to wake him, but to no effect.
我们想把他叫醒，但没有用。
Examples from the Corpus
to good/great/no etc effect• Jones has turned the Trust's restrictions on the use of agrochemicals to good effect.• The bi-colour l.e.d. can utilise a transparent lens-clip to good effect.• Video is a relatively new medium for in-house communications and is used by some companies to great effect.• The threefold model of church growth of cell, congregation and celebration works at Ichthus to great effect.• And the book eschews alphabetical order in favour of thematic logic - to good effect.• Any ball direct to deane was usually flicked on to no effect.• But nobody demonized the opposition to greater effect than did Clinton strategist James Carville during the 1992 presidential campaign.• The task of management is to use these to greatest effect.
8  to this/that/the effect MEANINGused when you are giving the general meaning of something, rather than the exact words 有这样的意思/有那样的意思/大意是
 Jim told me to go away, or words to that effect.
吉姆叫我走开，或说了类似的话。
 The letter said something to the effect that she was no longer needed.
信中表达的大意是，不再需要她了。
Examples from the Corpus
to this/that/the effect• We were ourselves considering whether we should introduce a Government Bill to this effect.• The other factor which contributed to this effect was his decision to become a broadcaster.• It is a person's or animal's contribution to the effect.• She made a note to that effect.• A proposal to this effect follows in Section 3.• This is because thick lithosphere will tend to be more resistant to the effects of heat conduction and penetrative magmatism.• I made a little speech to the effect that we are overjoyed to be in Sydney.• Does his eagerness amount to setting up a trust to that effect?
9  idea/feeling 想法/感受 [countableC usually singular]SEEM an idea or feeling that an artist, speaker, book etc tries to make you think of or to feel 〔艺术家、演讲者、书等给人的〕印象，感受 SYN impression
effect of
 Turner’s paintings give an effect of light.
特纳的画表现出光的效果。
10  for effect if someone does something for effect, they do it in order to make people notice 为了引人注目
 She paused for effect, then carried on speaking.
她略为停顿以吸引大家注意，然后继续演讲。
Examples from the Corpus
for effect• Dangerfield rolled his eyes for effect as he told the joke.
11  PERSONAL POSSESSIONS 私人物品effects [plural] formalOWN the things that someone owns 私人物品；个人财产 SYN belongings
Examples from the Corpus
personal effects• No cover applies in the respect of unattended baggage and personal effects.• And so, amongst his personal effects are a number of papers.• Armistead died requesting that Hancock be given his personal effects for delivery to his family.• But an examination of the wreck by remote-controlled cameras failed to find any human remains or personal effects.• Tucker wants to know what's happening about Francis's personal effects.• Large green canvas portmanteau containing the personal effects of the late Victor Zenobia.
12. film 电影 [countableC usually plural]AMAPT an unusual or impressive sound or image that is artificially produced for a film, play, or radio programme 〔声音或图像的〕效果
→ sound effects, special effect
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
have an effect on something/somebody
Eating junk food will eventually have an effect on your health.
have the effect of doing something
The news had the effect of making everyone feel better.
produce an effect formal
If we combine these sounds, they produce an effect that is almost jazzy.
feel an effect (=notice it)
Small companies will feel the effect of the recession first.
lessen/reduce an effect (=make an effect smaller or less severe)
The government must take action to reduce the effects of pollution.
cushion the effect of something (=make it less bad)
Lower mortgage rates will cushion the effect of rising house prices.
an effect lasts (=continues)
The effect of the drug lasts about six hours.
an effect wears off (=gradually stops)
The effect of the anaesthetic was beginning to wear off.
adjectives
big/major
The teachers’ strike had a big effect on many schools.
significant/substantial/marked (=quite big)
Global warming could have a significant effect on agriculture in many parts of the world.
profound/powerful (=very big, in a way that changes someone or something significantly )
My father’s death had a profound effect on me.
dramatic (=very big and sudden)
Taking the new drug had a dramatic effect on his health.
small
The drugs have a relatively small effect on a lot of patients.
negligible/minimal formal (=very small)
The advertising campaign had a negligible effect on demand.
immediate (=quick and sudden)
The announcement had an immediate effect on stock prices.
good
Inflation can sometimes have some good effects on the economy.
positive/beneficial (=good, or helping someone or something in some way)
The incident had a very positive effect on his career.
bad
Working too hard was beginning to have a bad effect on my health.
negative/detrimental (=bad or harmful)
the negative effects of low rainfall
harmful/damaging (=causing harm or damage to something or someone)
the harmful effects of drinking too much alcohol
Some of the effects can be quite damaging.
visible/noticeable (=an effect that you can clearly see)
He drank five beers, but they did not seem to have any visible effect on him.
the adverse effects formal (=the bad effects)
No one told them about the adverse effects of smoking marijuana.
the long-term/short-term effect (=having an effect for a long or short time)
Many boxers suffer with the long-term effects of punches to the head.
a knock-on effect (=an effect that is caused by something that has happened before)
The strike could have a knock-on effect at other airports.
a cumulative effect (=the effect of many things happening one after the other)
The cumulative effect of these policies will be to push up inflation.
the desired effect (=the effect you want)
His team talk had the desired effect because the team went on to win the game.
the full effect (=the whole effect)
We won’t know the full effect of the tax changes until the end of the financial year.
a calming/soothing effect (=one that makes you feel less angry, excited, or nervous)
His words seemed to have a calming effect on the crowd.
 THESAURUS
effect a change that is caused by an event, action etc 效应；影响；结果
The people in this area are still suffering from the effects of the famine.
该地区人民仍在遭受饥荒。
The treatment had little or no effect.
治疗几乎没起什么作用。
impact an effect that happens as a result of something important, especially a big and permanent effect 〔尤指大的、永久性的〕影响，作用
Changes in technology have had a massive impact on the way we work.
科技变革对我们的工作方式产生了巨大影响。
the environmental impact of industrial activity
工业活动对环境产生的影响
influence the effect that something has on people’s opinions or behaviour, or on how something develops 〔对人的思想、行为或某事物发展产生的〕影响(力)，作用
American television has had a big influence on popular culture in the west.
美国电视对西方流行文化产生了很大影响。
His ideas had a lot of influence at the time.
他的观点在当时有很大影响力。
side effect an unwanted and unplanned effect that something has – used especially about drugs and medical treatment 〔尤指药物、疗法的〕副作用
Common side effects of the drug may include headaches and muscle pains.
这种药的常见副作用可能包括头痛和肌肉疼痛。
after-effects British EnglishBrE, aftereffects American EnglishAmE bad effects that continue for a long time after the thing that caused them 后作用；后遗效应
A traumatic experience can have severe psychological after-effects.
痛苦经历可能造成严重的心理后遗症。
the after-effects of the war
战争的后遗症
repercussions /ˌriːpəˈkʌʃəns $ -pər-/ the effects that happen later as a result of an event or decision, especially a range of effects that continue for a long time 持续影响；后果
The scandal could have serious repercussions for her career.
这桩丑闻可能会对她的事业造成严重影响。
The judge’s decision is likely to have important repercussions for future cases of this kind.
法官的裁决可能会对今后此类案件的判决产生重要影响。
a knock-on effect British EnglishBrE used when something has an effect on something, which then has an effect on something else 连锁反应
Higher oil prices have a knock-on effect on other fuels.
油价上涨对其他燃料产生连锁反应。
footprint the effect that human activities have on the environment, caused by using up its natural resources, pollution, waste etc 足迹〔指人类活动对环境造成的不良影响〕
Businesses all over the world must attempt to reduce their environmental footprint.
全球企业都必须努力减少环境足迹。
The house has a low carbon footprint (=it uses very little energy from carbon and therefore is good for the environment).
这幢房屋的碳足迹很低。
Examples from the Corpus
effect• Storni's use of rhythm creates an effect of tension in her poems.• All my efforts to persuade them were beginning to have an effect.• However, the establishment of cause and effect in education is notoriously difficult.• Any increase in fuel costs could have a bad effect on business.• the harmful effects of radiation• Patients with renal failure are, in effect, undergoing an osmotic diuresis since solute load per remaining functioning nephron is increased.• In effect, a personalized automated trading system can be created without having to go to any financial institution.• The death of a parent can have very serious and long-lasting effects on a child.• I tried using bleach to remove the stain, but without much effect.• I saw her later in my office because the Hyper. 30 had no effect.• I've been taking these pills for three days, but so far they've had no effect.• But they are concerned about the psychological effect the experience may have on the girls.• Sleeping on a contoured pillow will achieve the same effect if you prefer sleeping on foam rather than feathers.• At the same time, materials scientists launch an extensive search for other materials that might have similar effects.• I was starting to feel the effects of two nights without much sleep.• Gail was still recovering from the effects of her operation.• The study measured the effect of fertilizers on the size of crops.• The exploration of the effect of unconscious associations between words and ideas certainly takes eighteenth-century criticism into a new field.• The effects of the oil spill were devastating for wildlife.
had ... effect• All had suffered devastating effects from the war.• Damage to a visual area in the brainstem, the superior colliculus, had the reverse effect.• The collapse of the Labour government had little effect on the Party's isolation.• But the public protests have had a profound effect on Adobe.• The evidence demanded a long time for Earth processes to have had any effect in carving mountains and accumulating sediment.• But he was wrong when he said it had no effect on him.• This annoyed the surgeon, who began to cut before the local or the sedative had taken effect.• That word-we-had a potent effect.
effect2 verb [transitiveT]  
formalCAUSE to make something happen 引起；使发生 SYN bring about
 Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their children’s behaviour.
许多父母对自己是否有能力改变子女的行为缺乏信心。
Do not confuse with the verb affect (=to have an effect on something).
不要与动词 affect (影响)混淆。
Examples from the Corpus
effect• But you can never effect a total kill.• There is no question that Clinton was the leader of the Great Group that effected his victory.• He proposed to make the army-the dependable support of the Constitution rather than the pawn of politicians to effect its overthrow.• The differentiation was effected, rather, by a different body of linguistic rules.• Fatigue is another factor that can effect the pods causing the end plates to bend or crack and lose contact.• But there is nothing to preclude a charge being brought under section 5 even though the arrest was not effected under the section.
From Longman Business Dictionary
effectef·fect1 /ɪˈfekt/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU] the way in which an action, event, or person changes someone or something
Inflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy.
→ demonstration effect → halo effect → Hawthorne effect → impact effect → income effect → price effect → substitution effect → wealth effect
2put/bring something into effect to make a plan or idea happen
It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect.
3come into effect/take effect if a new arrangement, law, system etc comes into effect or takes effect, it officially starts
The new tax rates come into effect in April.
4with immediate effect/with effect from starting to happen immediately, or from a particular date
Mr Hoskins is appointed manager, with immediate effect.
5effects [plural] formal the things that someone owns
Insurance also covers personal effects required during travel on company business.
effecteffect2 verb [transitiveT] formal
to make something happen
You must obtain your client’s approval of the estate agent’s fees before you effect payment of them.
Origin effect1
(1300-1400) Old French Latin effectus, past participle of efficere “to cause to happen”
ef·fect1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1effect2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 262 COCA: 427
effect

noun¹

 1change that is caused by sth引起的變化ADJECTIVE | VERB + EFFECT | EFFECT + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤decisive, dramatic, far-reaching, important, marked, powerful, profound, pronounced, significant, strong決定性的影響；驚人的影響；深遠的影響；重大的影響；明顯的影響；強有力的影響▸➤marginal, minimal, modest, negligible不大的影響；微小的影響；微不足道的影響▸➤➤main, major, principal主要影響；重要影響▸➤full全面的影響◇The full effects of the new tax have not yet been felt.還未感受到新稅的全面影響。➤no apparent, no appreciable, no detectable, no discernible, no measurable, no noticeable, no visible不明顯的影響；無法覺察到的影響；不可辨別的影響；不可衡量的影響；看不出來的影響◇The drug was devoid of any apparent effect.該藥物沒有明顯的藥效。◇There was no discernible effect on cell growth.看不出來對細胞的生長有什麼影響。➤likely, possible, potential, predictable, probable很可能的／可能的／潛在的／可預測的／或許會有的影響▸➤subtle微妙的影響▸➤disproportionate不相稱的影響▸➤residual殘留的影響▸➤adverse, catastrophic, crippling, damaging, debilitating, deleterious, destructive, detrimental, devastating, disastrous, harmful, ill, negative, serious, traumatic, undesirable, unfortunate負面的影響；災難性的影響；毀滅性的影響；有害的影響；不利的影響；消極的影響；嚴重的影響◇the crippling effect of sanctions on the economy制裁對經濟產生的毀滅性後果◇He didn't seem to have suffered any ill effects from his fall.他跌的那一跤好像並沒有給他造成什麼不良後果。➤chilling激冷效應◇It's a policy that will have a chilling effect on free speech.這項政策對言論自由會產生激冷效應。➤destabilizing, stabilizing不穩定的／穩定的影響➤the opposite相反的效果◇His comment was intended to calm the situation but it had the opposite effect.他的評論本意是穩定形勢，但適得其反。➤unintended意外的影響▸➤beneficial, positive, salutary有益的影響；積極的影響▸➤the desired預期的效果◇We had problems with mosquitoes, but this spray had the desired effect.我們這兒有蚊子侵擾，幸好這種噴劑效果很是理想。➤moderating (especially NAmE) 調節作用▸➤magical, remarkable不可思議的效力；顯著的效果◇Giving up smoking had a magical effect on his stamina.戒煙神奇地增強了他的體力。➤immediate立竿見影的效果▸➤direct, indirect直接的／間接的影響▸➤short-term短期的影響▸➤lasting, long-term, permanent持久的影響；長期的影響▸➤domino, knock-on, ripple, spillover, trickle-down多米諾骨牌效應；連鎖效應；連帶影響；涓滴效應◇Any delay in delivery of materials will have a knock-on effect throughout the production process.延誤生產材料運送會對整個生產過程產生連鎖影響。 (see also side effect) ➤practical實際效果▸➤aggregate, combined, cumulative, net, overall總體的／聯合的／累加的／實際的／全面的影響▸➤deterrent遏制性的影響◇The deterrent effect of the death penalty has long been questioned.死刑的威懾作用長期以來受到質疑。➤inhibitory抑制作用◇The drug has well-documented inhibitory effects on sexual function.有充分證據表明，這種藥對性功能有抑制作用。➤calming, hypnotic, sedative, soothing, soporific鎮靜效果；催眠效果▸➤therapeutic治療效果➤protective保護效力▸➤placebo安慰劑效果➤toxic毒害作用▸➤inflationary通脹效應▸➤corrosive腐蝕的後果▸➤greenhouse溫室效應◇policies to reduce emissions of gases which cause the greenhouse effect減少引起溫室效應的氣體排放的各項政策VERB + EFFECT➤bring about, exert, have, produce產生作用；施加影響◇The drug exerts a powerful effect on the brain.這種藥對大腦影響很大。➤take生效◇The medicine started to take effect after a few minutes.幾分鐘後藥物開始見效。➤experience, feel, suffer, suffer from體驗影響；感到影響；受到影響◇Women feel the effects of alcohol more quickly than men.女性會比男性更快地感受到酒精的作用。➤recover from從⋯的影響中恢復▸➤note, observe注意／觀察效果➤detect探測效果▸➤demonstrate, exhibit, illustrate, reveal, show展示／顯現／說明／透露／顯示效果▸➤analyse/analyze, assess, determine, estimate, evaluate, examine, explore, investigate, measure, monitor, quantify, study, test分析影響；評估影響；確定影響；研究影響；量化影響；測算影響➤document以文獻記錄效果◇I am interested in documenting the effects of international events on ordinary people.我對記錄國際事件對普通人的影響很感興趣。➤compare比較效果▸➤blunt, buffer, cushion, diminish, lessen, limit, minimize, mitigate, reduce, soften減弱影響；緩解影響；限制影響；使影響降至最小◇to minimize the effects of economic change最大程度減少經濟變革造成的影響➤ameliorate改善效果▸➤cancel out, eliminate, negate, nullify消除影響；抵消影響▸➤counter, counteract, counterbalance, moderate, neutralize, offset對抗影響；抵消影響➤block, combat, suppress阻止／抵制／壓制影響◇a face cream designed to combat the effects of age設計用於抗衰老的面霜➤overcome克服影響➤reverse逆轉效果▸➤amplify, compound, enhance, exacerbate, magnify, maximize擴大／增大／增強／加速／放大／最大程度上擴大影響➤mimic, simulate模仿／模擬效果◇drugs which mimic the effects of hormones類激素藥物➤avoid避免影響▸➤aim at旨在達到效果◇That is precisely the effect I was aiming at.那正是我想要達到的效果。➤be worried about, fear擔心／害怕影響▸➤overestimate, underestimate高估／低估影響▸➤ignore, neglect忽略影響➤predict預測影響➤describe, explain描述／解釋影響EFFECT + VERB➤exist, occur影響發生／存在▸➤spread影響擴大▸➤last效果持續➤arise from sth, result from sth影響由⋯產生／造成◇the serious health effects which result from obesity過度肥胖對健康造成的嚴重影響➤disappear, wear off影響消失／逐漸消失◇How soon will the effects of the drug wear off?藥效多久會消失？➤differ, vary影響不同／不一PREPOSITION➤in effect實際上◇The border closure meant, in effect, that no trade took place between the countries.邊境關閉實際上意味着兩國間不再有貿易往來。➤to this effect, to that effect大致是這樣／大致是那樣的意思◇They told us to go away, or words to that effect.他們說了讓我們走開之類的話。➤with... effect有⋯的影響◇The plague struck again with devastating effect.瘟疫以橫掃之勢再次來襲。➤effect on, effect upon對⋯的影響◇The dry weather had an adverse effect on the potato crops.天氣乾燥對土豆生長不利。PHRASES➤cause and effect原因和結果◇key historical concepts such as cause and effect像原因和結果這種關鍵性的歷史概念➤to little effect, to no effect近乎／完全無效◇The air conditioning came on, to little effect.空調開了，可沒什麼效果。
effect

noun²

 2use of an official rule, plan, etc.規劃或計劃的實行ADJECTIVE | VERB + EFFECT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤immediate即時實施VERB + EFFECT➤come into生效◇The new regulations come into effect next month.新規定下個月開始生效。➤bring sth into, put sth into實行⋯；使⋯生效◇The recommendations will soon be put into effect.建議將很快被付諸實踐。PREPOSITION➤in effect有效◇Some laws from the 18th century are still in effect.18 世紀的一些法律仍然有效。➤with effect生效◇The bank has cut interest rates with immediate effect.銀行降低利率，即時生效。
effect

noun³

 3impression that a speaker, book, performance, etc. gives說話者、書籍或表演等給人留下的印象ADJECTIVE | VERB + EFFECT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤dramatic, startling, striking, stunning強烈的效果；驚人的效果；絕妙的效果▸➤maximum, optimum最佳效果▸➤the desired理想的效果◇I found that by adding white I could achieve the desired effect.我發現添加白色可以達到理想的效果。➤overall總體效果◇The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming.這幅畫的整體效果棒極了。VERB + EFFECT➤give (sth), have（給⋯）帶來效果；產生效果◇The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.舞台燈光產生月夜景色的效果。➤achieve, create達到／創造出效果▸➤enhance, heighten加強效果◇The dramatic effect was heightened by her black dress and dead white face.她黑色的裙子和煞白的臉加強了戲劇效果。➤spoil破壞效果PREPOSITION➤for... effect為了達到⋯效果◇'You know why I'm here?' Doug paused for maximum effect.“你知道我為什麼來這裏嗎？”道格停頓了一下，以達到最佳效果。➤to... effect以產生⋯的效果◇She uses animal sounds to startling effect in her music.她在音樂裏運用動物的聲音以產生驚人的效果。
effect

noun⁴

 4techniques used when making sth創作過程中運用的技巧ADJECTIVE➤special特殊效果▸➤cinematic電影效果▸➤audio, sound聽覺／音響效果▸➤optical, visual光影／視覺效果▸➤lighting燈光效果▸➤elaborate精心設計的效果▸➤digital數字技術效果
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 262 COCA: 427
effect noun
⇨ effect (have an effect on sth) ⇨ put sth into effect ⇨ apply verb 1effect verb
⇨ achieveeffect

noun

  ➡ See also the entry for result 另见result条effect ♦︎ impact ♦︎ influence ♦︎ power ♦︎ force ♦︎ impression ♦︎ actionThese are all words for the changes in sb/sth that are caused by sb/sth else. 这些词均表示效应、影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an effect / impact / influence / impression on / upon sb / sth◆under the effect / impact / influence of sth / sb◆(a) considerable / tremendous / great effect / impact / influence / power / force / impression◆a profound / significant / strong / big / positive / lasting effect / impact / influence / impression◆a / an cultural / economic / political / social effect / impact / influence◆to have an effect / impact / influence◆to make an impact / impression◆to feel the effect / impact of sth■ effect [countable, uncountable] a change in sb/sth that is caused by sb/sth else 效应；影响◆Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.尽管她备受折磨，但好像并未受到不良影响。◆Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.她的批评使他完全丧失了信心。◆It's not always easy to distinguish between cause and effect.分清因果并非总是那么简单。◆The management changes had little or no effect on output.管理层的变化对产量影响不大。  see also affect ⇨ affect verb ■ impact ˈɪmpækt [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth 巨大影响；强大作用◆Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.她的讲话对每个人都有深远影响。◆The programme examined the environmental impact of power generation.该项目考察了发电对环境的影响。◆We are trying to minimize the impact of price rises on customers.我们力求将涨价带给顾客的影响减到最低。  see also impact ⇨ affect verb ■ influence [uncountable, countable] the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves, or on the way that sth works or develops （对思想、行为或事物发展变化的）影响，作用◆Children around the age of eight are especially vulnerable to the influence of television.八岁左右的儿童尤其容易受到电视的影响。◆The artists exerted a strong influence on a younger generation.这些艺术家对年轻一代产生了重大影响。◆They said she was a bad influence on the other children.他们称她对其他孩子产生坏影响。  see also influence ⇨ affect verb ■ power [uncountable] the influence of a particular thing or group within society （社会内部的）影响力，势力◆He talked about the enormous power of the mass media.他谈到了大众媒体的强大影响力。◆The government promised greater opportunities for parent power.政府允诺给予父母更多的施展影响力的机会。■ force [uncountable] the strong effect of sb's arguments or personality （论点或人格的）强大效力◆She spoke with force and deliberation.她讲话铿锵有力，字斟句酌。◆He felt the full force of her criticism.他感受到了她的批评所产生的强大威力。◆He controlled himself by sheer force of will.他全凭意志力控制住了自己。■ impression [countable, usually singular] the effect that an experience or person has on sb/sth, especially on the way that sb thinks or behaves in the future （尤指某种经历或某个人对思想或行为产生的）影响，效果◆The stillness and silence leave a deep impression on visitors.那一刻的静止无声给来访者留下了深刻的印象。◆You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression (= to make people admire and remember you).你如果真想留下好印象，就得表演得更好。◆My words made no impression on her.我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。  see also impress ⇨ impress , impressive ⇨ impressive ■ action [uncountable] (always followed by of 总是后接of) the effect that one substance or chemical has on another （一种物质或化学品对另一种所起的）作用◆Vitamin D can be made in the body by the action of sunlight on the skin.维生素D可以通过阳光对皮肤的作用在人体内产生。   see also act ⇨ affect verb
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 262 COCA: 427
effect
Changes: effect, change, trend...
General words for results and outcomes: result, outcome, influence...
Relating to the work of an artist: aesthetic, cherub, commission...
Parts of films, stories and plays: act, action, ad-lib...
General words for appearances: optics, appearance, look...
Physical forces and processes: absorbance, air resistance, amplitude...
General words for possessions: appurtenance, real estate, property...
To make something start to exist or happen: bring about, trigger, form...

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