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IELTS BNC: 858 COCA: 619

summer

Word family 
Related topics: Nature, Chronology
sum·mer1 /ˈsʌmə $ -ər/ ●●● S1 W1 noun [countableC, uncountableU]  
1  DNTMCthe time of the year when the sun is hottest and the days are longest, between spring and autumn 夏天，夏季 → summery
 the long hot summer of 1976
1976 年炎热漫长的夏天
 The children play on the beach during the summer.
夏天孩子们在海滩上玩耍。
in (the) summer
 Miriam likes to relax in her garden in summer.
夏天米丽娅姆喜欢在她的花园里休息。
this/next/last summer
 We’re going to Italy next summer.
明年夏天我们要去意大利。
 a hot summer’s day
一个炎热的夏日
 a sunny summer afternoon
一个晴朗的夏日午后
 a three-week summer vacation
为时三周的暑假
early/late summer
 The tourist season lasts through late summer.
旅游季节一直持续到夏末。
 Parts of Spain are extremely hot in high summer (=the hottest part of summer).
盛夏时节，西班牙的部分地区极其炎热。
2  20/50 etc summers literaryAGE 20,50 etc years of age 二十岁/五十岁等，二十个/五十个春秋等
 a child of 11 summers
11 岁的孩童
→ Indian summer
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
hot
It had been a long hot summer.
dry/wet
We’ve had a very dry summer.
high summer (=the middle of summer)
In high summer, food was plentiful.
early/late summer
In the late summer of 1931, Joe returned to Oxford.
last/next summer
He visited Brittany last summer.
summer + NOUN
a summer holiday British EnglishBrE, a summer vacation American EnglishAmE
Where are you going for your summer holiday?
a summer’s day/evening (also a summer day/evening)
It was a beautiful summer’s day.
the summer months
The garden is open daily in the summer months.
the summer season
The resort was crammed with holidaymakers for the whole of the summer season.
the summer heat
Crowds of shoppers are sweltering in the summer heat.
the summer sun
They lay on the beach, soaking up the summer sun.
phrases
in/at the height of summer (=in the middle of summer)
Even in the height of summer, it’s cool in here.
n GRAMMAR: Patterns with summer
in summer/in the summer
You use in summer or in the summer when saying that something happens at that time:
In summer we get six weeks’ vacation.
He worked as a lifeguard in the summer.
last summer/this summer etc
Don’t use in with these words:
You say last summer:
We went to Italy last summer.
✗Don’t say: We went to Italy in last summer.
You say this summer:
Do you plan to travel this summer?
✗Don’t say: Do you plan to travel in this summer?
You say next summer:
We will graduate next summer.
✗Don’t say: We will graduate in next summer.
You say that summer:
That summer she met Jeff.
✗Don’t say: In that summer she met Jeff.
Examples from the Corpus
summer• He looked much younger than his 70 summers.• Announced last summer, the transaction became effective Jan. 1.• The employers pledged to provide summer and after-school jobs for young people and to give priority hiring to public school graduates.• Cornell University also offers a large variety of short courses on specific themes, held during the summer session.• Perhaps the color of the sky is no different in the summer.• In the summer and autumn of 1989, Labour led strongly in the opinion polls again.• Olympic champions Linford Christie and Sally Gunnell will have their work cut out in their first individual races of the summer.• the summer of 1972• Meanwhile, the film version of Skipped Parts begins production this summer.
in (the) summer• The fields flood in winter and in summer dry and starve because every plant grows to the same depth.• Construction began in the summer of 1994.• I was not responsible for the chance encounter that allowed the virus to slip into my bloodstream in the summer of 1944.• Studying drama as a winner of a Commonwealth Fellowship, Cooke traveled throughout the country in the summer of 1933.• They always camped at Dartmeet in summer.• There are eight holidays a year and three weeks off in the summer.• Its woodland walks are delightfully peaceful and plead for exploration not only in summer but throughout the year.
summer2 verb [intransitiveI]  
LIVE SOMEWHEREto spend the summer in a particular place 〔在某地〕过夏天，度夏 → winter
Examples from the Corpus
summer• A few have summered annually since 1966, but breeding is still very rare.
Origin summer1
Old English sumor
sum·mer1 noun →n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1summer2 verb
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